scholarly journals Do seismologists agree upon epicentre determination from macroseismic data? A survey of ESC Working Group ' Macroseismology'

1996 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Cecic ◽  
R. M. W. Musson ◽  
M. Stucchi
Keyword(s):  
Working Group ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
Historical Earthquakes ◽  
Parameter Determination ◽  
Macroseismic Data ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
High Noise ◽  
Instrumental Data ◽  
Macroseismic Parameters

In contrast to the case of instrumental data, the procedures for epicentral parameter determination (coordinates and I0) from macroseismic data are not very well established. Although there are some "rules", upon which most seismologists agree (centre of the isoseismal of largest degree, and so on), the practical application of, such rules displays many problems. Therefore, it is commonly seismologists' practice to find their own pro cedures and solutions; this is particularly evident in the more complicated cases, Such as offshore epicentres or, as in many cases of historical earthquakes, poor sets of data. One of the major consequences is that parametric catalogues are not homogeneous with respect to macroseismic parameters; moreover, merging catalogues compiled according to different criteria can introduce high noise in any catalogue built in such a way. In order to survey the current practice of epicentre determination from macroseismic data in Europe, a set of cases was distributed to the participants of the first meeting of the ESC WG "Macroseismology". A comparison of the 15 sets of results provided by 16 authors, who gave their own solutions and the explanation., of the adopted procedures is given, showing that in some cases the ideas and results are rather distant.

scholarly journals KICHI-HAMRINSKY-II EARTHQUAKE on April 16, 2013 with КР=12.7, MS=4.5, I0=6 (Central Dagestan)

2019 ◽  
pp. 370-376
Author(s):  
O. Asmanov ◽  
M. Daniyalov ◽  
M. Mirzaliyev ◽  
Kh. Magomedov ◽  
Z. Adilov
Keyword(s):  
Historical Earthquakes ◽  
Macroseismic Data ◽  
Instrumental Data ◽  
Seismic Stations ◽  
Earthquake Area

The instrumental data on the source and macroseismic manifestations of the earthquake that occurred on April 16, 2013, with MS=4.5 in the territory of Dagestan are given. An isoseist map was compiled on the MSK-64 scale based on macroseismic data and data from the network of seismic stations in the Dagestan branch of the GS RAS. The data on historical earthquakes recorded in the Kichi-Gamra earthquake area are given

scholarly journals The Reuse of Excavated Soils from Construction and Demolition Projects: Limitations and Possibilities

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6083
Author(s):  
Sarah E. Hale ◽  
Antonio José Roque ◽  
Gudny Okkenhaug ◽  
Erlend Sørmo ◽  
Thomas Lenoir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Working Group ◽  
Urban Soils ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Health Hazards ◽  
Material Quality

The construction and demolition of infrastructure can produce a surplus of excavated soils that ends up at landfills. This practice is not sustainable, and approaches are needed to reduce soil waste and minimize environmental and human health hazards. The “Reuse of urban soils and sites” Working Group in the European Large Geotechnical Institute Platform (ELGIP) works towards a safe and resource efficient use of excavated soils for construction. By considering relevant literature and practicals based on experience in the participating ELGIP countries (France, Norway, Portugal, Slovenia and Sweden), this study presents current practice related to the reuse of excavated soils, and the main barriers (regulatory, organizational, logistical and material quality) to effectively reuse them. Results show that there is no consensus on the best strategies to manage excavated soils in urban areas. This paper provides suggestions of ways in which stakeholders can increase reuse of excavated soils.

Canadian proposal for changes in WMO sea ice terminology

Polar Record ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 12 (81) ◽  
pp. 717-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moira Dunbar
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Working Group ◽  
International Agency ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
The World ◽  
Fast Ice ◽  
The Subject ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Age Category

The World Meteorological Organization International Ice Nomenclature, though it has not yet been officially published by the international agency, is in fact in general use in North America, and has been used by the Canadian ice reporting services since January 1962. As a result of this experience with the practical application of the terminology, and of a total of about ten years of operational ice reporting, Canadian users have compiled a list of proposed amendments, which has been officially submitted to WMO for consideration by the Maritime Commission. The proposal was co-ordinated through the Working Group on Ice Navigable Waters of the Canadian Committee on Oceanography, which represents virtually all Canadian agencies and individuals directly involved in ice operations and research. It thus reflects a fairly broad spectrum of Canadian opinion on the subject. The proposals are dealt with under four general headings: “Fast ice terms”, “Age categories”, “Topography”, and “Other amendments”. Many of these amendments are of a minor nature and it is not proposed to itemize them here. In view of the fact, however, that the processes of WMO are of necessity rather slow, it was felt that there might be some value in publishing the proposals in the age-category section, which are considered to be the most important, for the information and possibly discussion of those interested.

Pension Funds: Some Practical Points

1950 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 105-148
Author(s):  
G. Heywood ◽  
W. F. Marples
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Pension Funds ◽  
Theoretical Treatment ◽  
Practical Application

SynopsisThe object of the paper is to consider a number of practical points with which the authors have to deal in their day-to-day work in giving advice on Pension Funds.Among the problems discussed are the construction and use of salary scales together with a development of the theory of salary scales which adds greater flexibility to current practice. The mortality of pensioners and the effect of geographical distribution on such mortality is examined and a practical method of dealing with the mortality of ill-health pensioners is given. Reference is also made to the valuation of returns on death after retirement and some practical aspects of Stationary Funds.Throughout the paper emphasis is placed on simplicity, both in theoretical treatment and in the practical application.

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