scholarly journals Role of Follicle Size, IGF-I, Glucose and Hormones on Nuclear Maturation Events of Awassi Sheep Oocytes (Ovis aries)

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 732-746
Author(s):  
Omar Mardenli
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Ovis Aries ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Nuclear Maturation ◽  
Awassi Sheep ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Follicle Size

This experiment aimed to study the combined effect of each of the follicle size, insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I), glucose and hormones (growth hormone (GH) and luteinizing hormone (LH)) on different phases of in vitro nuclear maturation of Awassi sheep oocytes. Follicles diameters were divided into two main groups: small follicles (SF): 1-2 mm and large follicles (LF): >2 mm. The levels (μg/ml) of Insulin-Like Growth Factor (IGF-I), GH, LH and glucose (mM) were determined according to two increasing shared concentrations (A:5,5,1 and 50; B:10,5.5,5 and 100 respectively). The maturation events were monitored at 7-time intervals (0,3,6,9,12,21 and 27 hours). Before incubation (0 - hour time interval), the oocytes in SF group outperformed their counterparts of LF group in the germinal vesicle phase (92.45% Vs 74.46%; p=0.01). Down to the 6- hour time interval, the oocytes in B solution achieved the highest rates (24.52%; LF group),  After 9 hours of incubation, the differences appeared clearly in the prometaphase -1(p=0.05) as half of the number of oocytes in B solution reached the stage (53.84%; LF group), the rates did not exceed 31.37% (A solution; SF group). In the 12 - hour time interval, the pro -metaphase-1 rates across the four groups reached the values :34.00% (A solution; SF group), 40.00% (B solution; LF group), 53.84% (A solution; SF group) and 58.49% (B solution; LF group) respectively. Upon 21- hour time interval, oocytes across the different groups showed a significant difference in metaphase-I (p=0.01) with the superiority of oocytes of B solution (33.96%; LF group). At the 24- hour time interval, the rates of oocytes involved in the metaphase-II were sub-intermediate and ranged between 20.00% and 36.00% without statistical significance. The final time interval (27- hours of incubation) showed a significant difference in the rates of the metaphase-II (p=0.002), as the oocytes of B solution showed a great superiority (84.61%; LF group). It is concluded from this study that the maturation of oocytes derived from large follicles (>2 mm) in a mixture of IGF-I, GH, LH (μg/ml) and glucose (mM) with the levels 10,5.5,5 and 100 respectively led to a significant increase in the rates of metaphase-II.

Electroacupuncture Promotes Insulin-Like Growth Factors System in Ovariectomized Osteoporosis Rats

2008 ◽  
Vol 36 (05) ◽  
pp. 889-897 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Feng ◽  
Huagang Lin ◽  
Ying Zhang ◽  
Lierong Li ◽  
Xuping Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Sham Operation ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Thigh Bone ◽  
Igf System ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Igf I

Postmenopausal Osteoporosis (PMOP) is induced by the deficiency of estrogen in postmenopausal women. Electroacupuncture (EA) has been confirmed to be effective in clinic. We adopted ovariectomized osteoporosis model of rats to observe the role of EA in PMOP. Fifty female SD rats were divided randomly into 5 groups: intact (INT, n = 10), sham operation (Sham, n = 10), model ( n = 10), estrogen (E, n = 10) and electroacupuncture (EA, n = 10). The bone mineral content (BMC) and the bone mineral density (BMD) were examined in lumbar1–6 and right thigh-bone, respectively, and estrodiol (E2), insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGF-BPs) were tested by RIA or ELISA. The results showed that BMC and BMD of lumbar 1–6 and right thigh-bone in PMOP model rats decreased markedly, while the level of serum E2, IGF-I and IGF-BP1 were lower than in INT and Sham. However, EA could upgrade the contents of IGF-I and IGF-BP1 to increase BMD in PMOP rats, while no significant difference was seen in E group. Therefore, EA may promote IGF system to improve PMOP.

The galactopoietic effect of bovine growth hormone in goats is associated with increased concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-I in milk and mammary tissue

1991 ◽  
Vol 128 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. G. Prosser ◽  
C. Royle ◽  
I. R. Fleet ◽  
T. B. Mepham
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Mammary Tissue ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Factor I ◽  
Lactating Goats ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Growth Factor I ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

ABSTRACT Lactating goats exhibiting widely divergent responses to short-term (4 days) treatment with bovine GH (bGH) were retrospectively divided into two groups based on the magnitude of this response. There was no difference between groups in terms of the pretreatment milk yield, but by day 4 of treatment milk secretion had increased by 4·99±2·5 (s.e.m.) ml/h (P > 0·05 compared with pretreatment) for group 1 and 22·9±2·4 ml/h (P< 0·001) for group 2. Plasma GH increased in both groups, but concentrations were significantly higher both before and during treatment in group 1 compared with group 2. Plasma concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) increased significantly during bGH treatment for both groups and there was no significant difference between the two until day 4 of treatment when levels of IGF-I in group 1 began to decline, whereas those from group 2 were maintained. Concentrations of IGF-I in milk from goats in group 1 were not significantly altered by GH administration, whereas those in goats in group 2 were increased by 40% (P < 0·01 compared with pretreatment). Levels of IGF-I in mammary secretory tissue from four animals from group 1 were not altered by bGH (2·8±0·2 and 2·77 ±0·08 nmol/kg tissue before and after treatment respectively), but were significantly (P < 0·05) increased in four animals from group 2 (2·80±0·2 and 9·9±1·1 nmol/kg tissue). Thus, it appears that the galactopoietic response in goats was associated with significantly lower levels of GH in plasma after 3 days of treatment and, more strikingly, greater amounts of IGF-I in milk and mammary tissue. This latter observation is consistent with the hypothesis that the effects of bGH on the mammary gland itself are mediated by IGF-I and that the availability of IGF-I to mammary tissue is an important component of the overall galactopoietic response to bGH. Journal of Endocrinology (1991) 128, 457–463

scholarly journals PENGARUH PEMBERIAN INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR-I (IGF-I) DARI SERUM KUDA CROSSBREED BUNTING TERHADAP FOLIKULOGENESIS MENCIT (Mus musculus)

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 102
Author(s):  
Abdullah Abdullah ◽  
Tjuk Imam Restiadi ◽  
Nunuk Dyah Retno Lastuti ◽  
Tita Damayanti ◽  
Wurlina Wurlina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Factor I ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Honestly Significant Difference ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Growth Factor I ◽  
Difference Test

The purpose of the research was to know the effect of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I (IGF-I) derived from pregnant crossbreed mare serum (PMS) in mice (Mus musculus) folliculogenesis. The subject of this research were 20 female mice. The research was arranged by Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four treatments and five replications. The treatment were K0 = 10 ng/ml of physiological NaCl, P1 = 10 ng/ml of IGF-I PMS, P2 = 20 ng/ml of IGF-I PMS, and P3 = 40 ng/ml of IGF-I PMS. Observed variables are number of primary, secondary, tertiary and de Graff follicles. During the treatment the estrus cycle was also observed. The data of follicles number were analyzed by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), followed by HSD (Honestly Significant Difference) test. The result showed that the addition of IGF-I PMS significantly affect (p<0,05) on increasing of the primary and secondary follicles number. The addition of IGF-I PMS 20 ng/ml and 40 ng/ml can increase the primary and secondary follicle significantly (p<0,05).

scholarly journals Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I (IGF-I) from Crossbred Pregnant MareSerum to Increase Follicle Number of Mice (Mus musculus)

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 658
Author(s):  
Abdullah Abdullah ◽  
Tjuk IRestiadi ◽  
Nunuk DR Lastuti ◽  
Tita Damayanti ◽  
Wurlina Wurlina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Factor I ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Honestly Significant Difference ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Growth Factor I ◽  
Difference Test

The purpose of the research was to know the effect of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I (IGF-I) derived from pregnant crossbred mare serum (PMS) in mice (Mus musculus) folliculogenesis. The subjects of this research were 20 female mice. The research was arranged by Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four treatments and five replications. The treatments were C0 = 10 ng/ml of physiological NaCl, P1 = 10 ng/ml of IGF-I PMS, P2 = 20 ng/ml of IGF-I PMS, and P3 = 40 ng/ml of IGF-I PMS. Observed variables are the number of primary, secondary, tertiary and de Graff follicles. During the treatment, the estrous cycle was also observed. The data of follicles number were analyzed by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and followed by HSD (Honestly Significant Difference) test. The result showed that the addition of IGF-I PMS significantly affects (p<0.05) on increasing the primary and secondary follicles number. The addition of IGF-I PMS 20 ng/ml and 40 ng/ml can increase the primary and secondary follicles significantly (p<0.05).  Keywords: IGF-I crossbreed mare serum pregnant; follicle; Mus musculus

scholarly journals The effect of follicle size and cryoprotectants on nuclear maturation and early embryonic development of vitrified - thawed Awassi sheep oocytes (Ovis aries)

2021 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. 483-493
Author(s):  
Omar Mardenli ◽  
◽  
Mahdi S. Mohammad Al-Kerwi ◽  
Ahmad Y. Alolo
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Quality ◽  
Germinal Vesicle ◽  
Ovis Aries ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Three Solutions ◽  
Germinal Vesicle Breakdown ◽  
Nuclear Maturation ◽  
Awassi Sheep ◽  
Morula Stage ◽  
Follicle Size

In this study, two experiments were conducted to study the effect of both the follicle size and the cryoprotectants dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and ethylene glycol (EG) on the main phases of nuclear maturation (Experiment I), cleavage stages and embryo quality (Experiment II) of Awassi sheep oocytes. Follicles were classified into two groups: small follicles (SF) (1-2 mm) and large follicles (LF) (> 2 mm). Oocytes were vitrified in three solutions: A (30% DMSO), B (30% EG) and C (15% DMSO and 15% EG). In Experiment I, the resulting vitrified-thawed oocytes in solution C achieved the best rates after the control group (fresh), respectively as the rates of maturation, germinal vesicle (GV), metaphase II(M-II), arrest, and lyses were 85.71% (P = 0.04), 8.33% (P = 0.02), 72.92% (P = 0.04); LF group, 15.25% (P = 0.04), and 5.08% (P = 0.04); SF group, respectively. In Experiment II, the same group of oocytes achieved the best rates after the control group, as the rates of fertilization, cleavage, 2-16 cell, Type3, blastocyst, and Type1 embryos were 63.28% (P = 0.001), 57.46% (P = 0.001), 40.38% (P = 0.04), 38.46% (P = 0.04); LF group, 30.00% (P = 0.01), and SF group 36.67% (P = 0.001), respectively, while the vitrified-thawed oocytes in A solution (SF group) reached the highest rate of Type 2 embryo quality (58.06%; P = 0.01). No significant differences were noticed in the germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD), metaphase I (M-I) and morula stage. Vitrification of oocytes obtained from follicles with a diameter of more than 2 mm in a cocktail solution of DMSO (15%) and EG (15%) led to a significant increase in the yield and quality of the resulting sheep embryos.

209 A COMPARISON OF THE EFFECTS OF DEFINED, SEMI-DEFINED, AND UNDEFINED MATURATION MEDIA ON CLEAVAGE AND SUBSEQUENT EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT OF SHEEP OOCYTES

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 202
Author(s):  
H. Karami Shabankareh ◽  
M. Zandi
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
Oocyte Maturation ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
In Vitro Production ◽  
Efficient System ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Igf I ◽  
17Β Estradiol

The objectives were to determine the effects of addition of growth factor(s) and antioxidant to defined (DMM), semi-defined (SDMM), or undefined (UDMM) sheep oocyte maturation media on cleavage and subsequent embryo development. Exogenous epidermal growth factor (EGF, 10 ng mL–1), insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I, 50 ng mL–1), or cysteamine (Cys, 100 m) was added to DMM, SDMM, or UDMM. In the experiments, 967 oocytes were collected from 1160 ovaries (Experiment 1), 770 oocytes were collected from 831 ovaries (Experiment 2), and 778 oocytes were collected from 845 ovaries (Experiment 3). After in vitro fertilization with fresh ram semen in SOF medium, groups of 10 oocytes were stripped free of cumulus cells and transferred into 50 μL of a 2-step SOF medium. The incubations were conducted under paraffin oil at 38.5°C in a humidified atmosphere of 5% O2, 5% CO2, and 90% N2. In all experiments, data were analyzed by ANOVA. Duncan’s multiple range test was used to determine the difference between 2 means after ANOVA. Results were expressed as mean ± SEM, and statistical significance was accepted from P < 0.05. In Experiment 1, the effects of IGF-I and EGF in DMM (TCM-199 supplemented with FSH, LH, 17β-estradiol, Na pyruvate, gentamycin sulfate, and polyvinyl alcohol) were evaluated in 4 treatment groups (DMM as a control, DMM + EGF, DMM + IGF-I, and DMM + EGF + IGF-I). Cleavage, morula, and blastocyst production rates were higher in the DMM + EGF + IGF-I (83.1 ± 0.5, 47.7 ± 0.5, and 30.8 ± 1.2) than in the DMM (72.9 ± 1.3, 37.0 ± 1.1, and 20.2 ± 1.2), DMM + EGF (77.2 ± 1.0, 43.2 ± 2.1, and 26.1 ± 1.8), or DMM + IGF-I (79.9 ± 0.6, 43.3 ± 1.2, and 25.7 ± 1.3) groups (P < 0.05). In Experiment 2, the effects of Cys in DMM were evaluated. The addition of Cys to DMM + EGF + IGF-I resulted in a mean blastocyst rate of 35.0 ± 0.9% compared with 31.5 ± 1.3% in DMM + EGF + IGF-I alone (P < 0.05); however, mean cleavage rates (84.5 ± 1.3 v. 82.8 ± 1.0) did not differ (P = 0.32). In Experiment 3, the effects of DMM + EGF + IGF-I + Cys, SDMM (TCM-199 supplemented with FSH, LH, 17β-estradiol, Na pyruvate, gentamycin sulfate, and BSA) + EGF + IGF-I + Cys, and UDMM (TCM-199 supplemented with FSH, LH, 17β-estradiol Na pyruvate, gentamycin sulfate, and FBS) + EGF + IGF-I + Cys on cleavage and embryo developmental were compared. The UDMM supplemented with EGF, IGF-I, and Cys resulted in higher proportions of cleavage, morula yields, and blastocyst yields (P < 0.05) than the DMM or SDMM supplemented with EGF + IGF-I + Cys. There was no significant difference between DMM and SDMM in the proportions of oocytes reaching the morula and blastocyst stages. In conclusion, an efficient system for in vitro production of sheep blastocysts was developed by using a defined oocyte maturation system combined with growth factors, hormones, and an antioxidant, but the UDMM resulted in higher cleavage, morula yields, and blastocyst yields than the DMM or SDMM.

Regulation of plasma and tissue levels of insulin-like growth factor-I by nutrition and treatment with growth hormone in sheep

1993 ◽  
Vol 136 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Hua ◽  
R. Ord ◽  
S. Kirk ◽  
Q. J. Li ◽  
S. C. Hodgkinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Biceps Femoris ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Gh Treatment ◽  
Factor I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Growth Factor I ◽  
Rna Levels

ABSTRACT Tissue and plasma levels of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), and relative levels of liver IGF-I RNA, were measured in 6-month-old ewe lambs which were well fed (n = 10) or starved (n = 10) for 5 days. Half of each nutrition group was given daily (09.00 h) injections of human GH (hGH; 0·15 mg/kg body weight per day). Blood was sampled daily from 09.00 to 12.00 h at 15-min intervals through jugular vein catheters and the lambs were slaughtered 24 h after the fifth injection of hGH. Tissue and plasma IGF-I was extracted using an acid-ethanol-cryo-precipitation technique and estimated by radioimmunoassay. Tissue IGF-I was corrected for retained plasma IGF-I using tissue and blood haemaglobin levels. Liver IGF-I RNA levels were monitored by in-situ hybridization. Plasma IGF-I (nmol/l) was higher in both the fed group and the fed group given GH treatment. Tissue IGF-I from kidneys (nmol/kg) was also higher (P < 0·001) in the fed group. There was no significant difference in IGF-I concentrations in the muscle biceps femoris or liver between fed and starved lambs. Although GH treatment did not increase IGF-I levels in tissues significantly, IGF-I RNA levels in liver were increased (P = 0·02) in both fed and starved animals. The relative liver IGF-I RNA levels positively correlated with their corresponding tissue IGF-I levels in the fed group and the fed group given GH treatment. The lack of a significant IGF-I response to GH in tissues may be due to either the time at which tissues were sampled after the GH treatment or the dose of GH administered. However, the higher IGF-I concentrations in plasma and kidney from fed compared with starved animals and the positive correlations between liver IGF-I and IGF-I RNA levels suggest that tissue and plasma IGF-I is regulated by nutrition and GH, with nutrition playing a critical role in the regulation of tissue and plasma IGF-I in normal lambs. Journal of Endocrinology (1993) 136, 217–224

scholarly journals Somatostatin infusion withdrawal: studies in the acute and recovery phase of anorexia nervosa, and in obesity

2003 ◽  
pp. 237-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
AI Pincelli ◽  
AE Rigamonti ◽  
M Scacchi ◽  
SG Cella ◽  
M Cappa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
Recovery Phase ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Free Triiodothyronine ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Plasma Gh

OBJECTIVE: Changes in GH/IGF-I axis activity occur in both anorexia nervosa (AN) and obesity (OB). A GH hypersecretory state with very low plasma IGF-I levels is present in AN, whereas in morbid OB, GH secretion is dull and plasma IGF-I levels are generally preserved. Endogenous GHRH activity in AN and OB has never been directly studied, although indirect evidence would indicate that GHRH function is altered in either condition, possibly enhanced and reduced respectively. Somatostatin (SS) infusion withdrawal (SSIW) is followed by a rebound rise of plasma GH in animals and humans, an event which, allegedly, is mediated by endogenous GHRH release. METHODS: In the present study, 28 young women, eight with active AN (A-AN), six with AN in the recovery phase (R-AN), eight with morbid OB, and six healthy age-matched normal weight subjects (NW), were studied. All subjects underwent, on different occasions, the following two tests: (i) acute GHRH injection (1 microg/kg, i.v.); (ii) infusion of SS (9 microg/kg per h i.v. over 60 min), with blood samples drawn prior to and at different intervals after drug injections. Plasma GH levels were measured at each time interval in all sessions, and, in addition, baseline plasma estradiol, free triiodothyronine, TSH, IGF-I and insulin were measured at -30 min. RESULTS: Baseline plasma GH concentrations were significantly higher in A-AN than in NW (4.7+/-0.7 vs 2.1+/-0.6 microg/l, P<0.01). Baseline GH levels in R-AN were also higher than in NW, but the difference did not reach statistical significance (5.6+/-1.7 microg/l, not significant (NS)). Baseline plasma GH concentrations were significantly lower in OB than in NW (0.3+/-0.1 microg/l, P<0.01). GHRH-stimulated GH release was significantly higher in A-AN than in NW (mean change in area under the curve (DeltaAUC) 1904.9+/-626.1 vs 613.9+/-75.9 microg/l per min, P<0.01), whereas no statistically significant difference was present between R-AN and NW (mean DeltaAUC 638.2+/-293.0 microg/l per min, NS); in OB, GHRH failed to evoke a plasma GH rise (mean DeltaAUC 239.8+/-89.9 microg/l per min vs A-AN, R-AN, and NW, P<0.01). SS infusion markedly reduced plasma GH concentrations in both A-AN and R-AN and, to a lesser extent, in NW, but failed to do so in OB. In A-AN, SSIW was followed by a plasma GH rise markedly higher than that present in NW (mean DeltaAUC 193.0+/-42.3 vs 60.1+/-11.4 microg/l per min, P<0.01), whereas in R-AN the GH response after SSIW was nearly superimposable on that registered in NW (mean DeltaAUC 72.9+/-22.8 microg/l per min, NS). There were no changes in plasma GH levels after SSIW in OB (mean DeltaAUC 22.8+/-9.7 microg/l per min). In all groups, DeltaAUCs of the GH response to GHRH and after SSIW were highly positively correlated (r=0.7, P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: These data support the view that a high endogenous GHRH tone, which subsides in the recovery phase of the disease, is present in AN, whereas GHRH hypofunction, possibly associated with pituitary impairment, might indicate OB.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PEMBERIAN INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR-I (IGF-I) DARI SERUM KUDA CROSSBREED BUNTING TERHADAP KETEBALAN ENDOMETRIUM MENCIT (Mus musculus)

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 120
Author(s):  
Dyah Ayu Roro Risna Y ◽  
Sri Mulyati ◽  
Roesno Darsono ◽  
Imam Mustofa ◽  
Arimbi Arimbi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Factor I ◽  
Recombinant Mouse ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Honestly Significant Difference ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Growth Factor I

The purpose of the research was to know  the effect of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I (IGFI) derived from pregnant crossbreed mare serum (PMS) on endometrium thickness of mice (Mus musculus). The subject of this research were 35 female mice. The research was arranged by Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with seven treatment and five replications. The treatment were P0 = 10 ng/ml of physiological NaCl, P11 = 10 ng/ml of IGF-I PMS, P12 = 20 ng/ml of IGF-I PMS, P13 = 40 ng/ml of IGF-I PMS, P21 = 10 ng/ml of IGF-I recombinant mouse, P22 = 20 ng/ml of IGF-I recombinant mouse, and P23 = 40 ng/ml of IGF-I recombinant mouse. Observed variables include histopatological endometrium thickness of mice. The data were analyzed by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), followed by HSD (Honestly Significant Difference) test. The data was also be analyzed using General Linear Model Univarieted to see the comparison between IGF-I PMS and recombinant mouse. The result showed that the addition of IGF-I PMS did not significantly affect (p>0,05) on endometrium thickness of mice . It showed that did not significantly difference (p>0,05) between the effect of IGF-I PMS and IGF-I recombinant mouse against the endometrium thickness of mice.

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