scholarly journals Bronisław Malinowski and Stanisław Ignacy Witkiewicz: Journey to the Polish Sources of Modern Anthropology

Slovo ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol The Distant Voyages of Polish... (The distant journeys of...) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna SAIGNES ◽  
Stanisław Jasionowicz

International audience In 1967, Bronisław Malinowski’s daughter published part of the journal that he kept from 1908 to 1918, as A Diary in the Strict Sense of the Term. Malinowski had never intended these personal reflections, recorded during his expeditions to Mailu and the Trobriand Islands between 1914 and 1918. They became the subject of discussions and polemics. The “triviality” of the issues addressed in the Diary astonished many readers and led some critics, such as anthropologist Clifford Geertz, to conclude that the author was a “hypochondriacal narcissist.” This paper takes up several themes that arise in the debate surrounding Malinowski’s Diary in confrontation with Stanisław Ignacy Witkiewicz’s autobiographic novel 622 Downfalls of Bungo written in 1910‑1911. Witkiewicz, the Polish novelist, playwright, and artist, was a very close friend of Malinowski’s and took part in one of the anthropologist’s field expeditions. This article reconsiders Malinowski’s journal and explores the impact of Polish culture on modern anthropology. It also proposes a new perspective on the resonance of the Diary and attempts to dispel some of the misconceptions surrounding its interpretation. Le Journal d’ethnographe de Bronisław Malinowski, compilation de notes non destinées à la publication, réunies pendant les séjours de l’anthropologue sur l’île Mailu et les îles Trobriand entre 1914 et 1918, a suscité de nombreuses polémiques au moment de sa publication posthume en 1967. La trivialité des préoccupations du futur grand anthropologue n’a pas manqué de choquer et a valu à l’auteur d’être qualifié de « narcisse hypocondriaque » par Clifford Geertz. Cet article se propose de reprendre le débat sur le Journal d’ethnographe à la lumière du roman de jeunesse de Stanisław Ignacy Witkiewicz, Les 622 chutes de Bungo (écrit en 1910/1911). S.I. Witkiewicz, peintre, dramaturge et romancier, était alors lié avec Malinowski par une grande amitié et l’a accompagné au début de son expédition en 1914. Une telle relecture du Journal d’ethnographe permet de reconsidérer l’apport de la culture polonaise à la charte de l’anthropologie moderne et de dénouer certains malentendus que le Journal a pu susciter. W roku 1967 córka Bronisława Malinowskiego opublikowała pod tytułem A Diary in the Strict Sense of the Term część dziennika, prowadzonego przez antropologa w latach 1908‑1918 i nieprzeznaczonego przez samego autora do publikacji. Notatki te, pochodzące z okresu pobytów antropologa na wyspie Mailu oraz na wyspach Trobrianda w latach 1914‑1918 stały się przedmiotem licznych komentarzy i polemik. «Trywialność» problematyki Dziennika zdumiała wielu spośród jego czytelników, prowadząc na przykład Clifforda Geertza do stwierdzenia, że autor ujawnia się tam jako «hipochondryczny narcyz». Artykuł podejmuje niektóre wątki debaty na temat Dziennika Malinowskiego w świetle 622 upadków Bunga, pisanej w latach 1910‑1911 autobiograficznej powieści Stanisława Ignacego Witkiewicza. Witkacy, połączony od czasów młodzieńczych wielką przyjaźnią z Malinowskim, wziął udział w pierwszym etapie jednej z wypraw badawczych antropologa. Tego rodzaju lektura ma pozwolić na ponowne przemyślenie wkładu kultury polskiej w nowoczesną antropologię, a jednocześnie rozwiać pewne nieporozumienia, związane z dotychczasowymi interpretacjami Dziennika.

Slovo ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol The Distant Voyages of Polish... (Introduction>) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Marie Monluçon

International audience L’ouverture sur le vaste monde ne vient pas immédiatement à l’esprit lorsqu’on pense à la Pologne. Est‑ce parce qu’en France on associe volontiers l’intérêt pour les Ailleurs lointains à l’expérience coloniale ? Les continents non européens seraient ainsi partie intégrante de l’Histoire et des imaginaires britanniques, français, belges ou portugais, mais resteraient étrangers aux pays d’Europe centrale. Pourtant la littérature du voyage lointain peut se prévaloir, en Pologne, d’une tradition riche et ancienne et d’un succès jamais démenti auprès des lecteurs. Les articles réunis dans ce volume portent sur des auteurs illustres et consacrés (Bronisław Malinowski), mais aussi sur nombre d’auteurs ultra‑contemporains, récemment – ou pas encore – traduits (Andrzej Stasiuk, Joanna Bator). Ces travaux abordent les textes – récits, journaux, reportages, essais – dans leurs spécificités historiques et idéologiques : regard porté sur l’étranger par un pays qui n’a pas eu d’empire colonial lointain, qui a lui même longtemps subi le joug de puissances étrangères et qui a connu quarante‑cinq ans de totalitarisme. Les transferts culturels et les différentes formes de médiation sont au cœur des interrogations, puisque les écrivains voyageurs sont des médiateurs par excellence.


2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-149
Author(s):  
Dorota Sajewska

In the burial rites of the Trobrianders Bronislaw Malinowski describes, a body is removed from its grave so that certain bones can be used as relics. He was joined in the tropics by Polish playwright Stanisław Ignacy Witkiewicz, whose bones, it was later discovered—after his remains were relocated twice—were nowhere to be found. The two friends were reunited in a 2011 play that shares a title with one of Malinowski’s books: The Sexual Life of Savages. The anthropologist’s demonstration of how remains achieve autonomy aptly reflects the role bones and things play in “necroperformance.”


Author(s):  
Krzysztof Kosecki

During his stay in Australia and Melanesia from 1914 to 1920, the anthropo- logist Bronisław Malinowski frequently experienced dichotomous and contradictory atti- tudes to people, places, and events: the contrast between the ‘civilized’ Australia and the ‘savage’ Melanesia; the background of the Austria-ruled Poland in which he grew up and the British-dominated Australia, Austria’s enemy in the First World War; the emotional tension of simultaneous attraction to two women – Nina Stirling of Adelaide and Elsie Rosaline Masson of Melbourne; the dilemma of the ‘heroic’ versus the ‘unheroic’ related to the war. Most of the dualities of Malinowski’s Australian-Melanesian experience, re- flected in letters to his mother Józefa Malinowska, Elsie R. Masson, and in Diary in the Strict Sense of the Term (1989), were resolved at the end of the period, which became a turning point in his life.


Author(s):  
Didier Fassin

In his 1926 essay, “Primitive Crime and Its Punishment,” often considered the foundational text of legal anthropology, Bronislaw Malinowski recounts an episode that occurred during his fieldwork in the Trobriand Islands and profoundly influenced his views on law and order in “savage society,” as he calls it....


Author(s):  
Anthony Kwame Harrison

This introductory chapter introduces ethnography as a distinct research and writing tradition. The author begins by historically contextualizing ethnography’s professionalization within the fields of anthropology and sociology. While highlighting the formidable influences of, for example, Bronislaw Malinowski and the Chicago school, the author complicates existing understandings by bringing significant, but less-recognized, influences and contributions to light. The chapter next outlines three principal research methods that most ethnographers utilize—namely, participant-observation, fieldnote writing, and ethnographic interviewing. The discussion then shifts from method to methodology to explain the primary qualities that separate ethnography from other forms of participant-observation-oriented research. This includes introducing a research disposition called ethnographic comportment, which serves as a standard for gauging ethnography throughout the remainder of the book. The author presents ethnographic comportment as reflecting both ethnographers’ awarenesses of and their accountabilities to the research tradition in which they participate.


2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andoni Garitano-Trojaola ◽  
Ana Sancho ◽  
Ralph Götz ◽  
Patrick Eiring ◽  
Susanne Walz ◽  
...  

AbstractThe presence of FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3-internal tandem duplication (FLT3-ITD) is one of the most frequent mutations in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and is associated with an unfavorable prognosis. FLT3 inhibitors, such as midostaurin, are used clinically but fail to entirely eradicate FLT3-ITD + AML. This study introduces a new perspective and highlights the impact of RAC1-dependent actin cytoskeleton remodeling on resistance to midostaurin in AML. RAC1 hyperactivation leads resistance via hyperphosphorylation of the positive regulator of actin polymerization N-WASP and antiapoptotic BCL-2. RAC1/N-WASP, through ARP2/3 complex activation, increases the number of actin filaments, cell stiffness and adhesion forces to mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) being identified as a biomarker of resistance. Midostaurin resistance can be overcome by a combination of midostaruin, the BCL-2 inhibitor venetoclax and the RAC1 inhibitor Eht1864 in midostaurin-resistant AML cell lines and primary samples, providing the first evidence of a potential new treatment approach to eradicate FLT3-ITD + AML.


2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Caiazza ◽  
David Audretsch ◽  
Tiziana Volpe ◽  
Julie Debra Singer

Purpose – Existing work documents the role that institutional setting plays in the process of spin-off creation. However, despite decades of studies, scholars have not clearly explained why some regions are more involved in spin-off activity than others. Drawing from institutional theory, the purpose of this paper is to compare different institutional settings identifying factors affecting the general environment capability to support spin-off activity of a specific region. Design/methodology/approach – The authors utilize a cross-national analysis of American, Asian, and European areas identifying factors affecting their different rate of spin-off activity. This study contributes to the policy debate concerning entrepreneurship and how best to spur spin-off activities. Findings – In this paper, the authors identify the general and specific factors that explain the cross-national diversity in spin-off creation. The authors then perform an analysis of the impact of these factors in various regions of the USA, Asia, and Europe, providing evidence for the necessity of specific combinations of these factors. Originality/value – The paper offers a new perspective on the causes of spin-offs through a cross-national analysis of many areas around the world.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document