Post-Sport Humanism and Human Exercise Performance Enhancement Technology

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-82
Author(s):  
Hak-Duk Kim ◽  
Yi-Sub Kwak
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Enhancement Technology

scholarly journals The Role of Raw Beetroot in Enhancing Amateur Exercise Performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1117-1117
Author(s):  
Daniela Assimiti
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Blood Oxygenation ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Important Health ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Number Of Individuals

Abstract Objectives In a time when prolonged sitting is an important part of people's daily busy lives, any easy solution contributing to enhancing general stamina and amateur fitness physical performance in a safe and inexpensive way can be always attractive. Red beetroot (Beta vulgaris rubra) and its constituents known as having important health benefits in many various areas, has become increasingly popular in the arena of exercise performance, mainly due to high concentrations of nitrate. Previous studies done in different types of professional athletes - most of them using beetroot either as juice or powder - proved its clear efficiency in increasing the physical performance both in terms of speed and endurance. Could beetroot help as well other kind of individuals who due to their busy professions, though willing to stay fit, have less access to higher degree of physical activity? The aim of this preliminary study was to evaluate in which measure beetroot can be used by amateurs willing to improve their general stamina and stay physically fit. Methods The benefits of plant compounds contained in beetroot - such as betanin, vulgaxanthin and inorganic nitrates - known to help increase the blood oxygenation, muscle strength, and mental acuity - were evaluated among healthy adults (age 25–60) during a short sessions of simple physical activity, repeated for 7–10 days. To compare, a single serving of 100 g raw beetroot was taken 1–2 hours prior the activity and evaluations were made. An intelligent health bracelet was used to measure some of the common vital parameters. Results Though modest, an average increase in the daily physical performance of 6.17%, a general increase of 31% at the end of the period of evaluation, and most of all, a visible increase in general stamina, shows the great potential beetroot has as ergogenic aid in moderate exercise. Conclusions Though raw beetroot may provide modest performance enhancement, the observations show to be encouraging and more research would be definitely needed, in a larger number of individuals, on a more diverse types of physical activities, and using more professional evaluating tools, in order to clarify the mechanism of action and eventually the proper dosing patterns. Funding Sources None.

Performance Enhancement: What Are the Physiological Limits?

Physiology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 282-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Lundby ◽  
P. Robach
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Lactate Threshold ◽  
Critical Power ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Specific Exercise ◽  
Physiological Limits ◽  
Exercise Economy ◽  
World Class

Our objective is to highlight some key physiological determinants of endurance exercise performance and to discuss how these can be further improved. V̇o2max remains remarkably stable throughout an athletic career. By contrast, exercise economy, lactate threshold, and critical power may be improved in world-class athletes by specific exercise training regimes and/or with more years of training.

Influence of dietary nitrate on the physiological determinants of exercise performance: a critical review

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (9) ◽  
pp. 1019-1028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew M. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Beetroot Juice ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Dietary Nitrate ◽  
Nitrate Supplementation ◽  
Sport And Exercise ◽  
Nitrate Dose

Dietary nitrate supplementation, usually in the form of beetroot juice, has been heralded as a possible new ergogenic aid for sport and exercise performance. Early studies in recreationally active participants indicated that nitrate ingestion significantly reduces the O2 cost of submaximal exercise and improves performance during high-intensity endurance exercise. Subsequent studies have begun to address the physiological mechanisms underpinning these observations and to investigate the human populations in whom, and the exercise conditions (high- vs. low-intensity, long- vs. short-duration, continuous vs. intermittent, normoxic vs. hypoxic) under which, nitrate supplementation may be beneficial. Moreover, the optimal nitrate loading regimen in terms of nitrate dose and duration of supplementation has been explored. Depending on these factors, nitrate supplementation has been shown to exert physiological effects that could be conducive to exercise performance enhancement, at least in recreationally active or sub-élite athletes. This article provides a “state-of-the-art” review of the literature pertinent to the evaluation of the efficacy of nitrate supplementation in altering the physiological determinants of sport and exercise performance.

Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Trial Of Midodrine For Exercise Performance Enhancement In Tetraplegia:A Pilot Study

2004 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward C. Nies hoff ◽  
Thomas J. Birk ◽  
Cynthia A. Birk ◽  
Steven R. Hinderer ◽  
Gunes Yavuzer
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Double Blinded

5-Hydroxymethylfurfural and α-ketoglutaric acid supplementation increases oxygen saturation during prolonged exercise in normobaric hypoxia

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Florian Kössler ◽  
Lukas Mair ◽  
Martin Burtscher ◽  
Hannes Gatterer
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Prolonged Exercise ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Performance Decline ◽  
Double Blinded ◽  
And Oxidative Stress ◽  
Affect Heart Rate

Abstract. This double-blinded, randomized and placebo-controlled, crossover study investigated whether α-ketoglutaric-acid (α-KG) and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) supplementation improves exercise performance in hypoxia and affects physiological responses during the exercise task. Eight moderately trained male participants (age: 25.3 ± 2.0 y, VO2max: 48.0 ± 8.3 ml/min/kg) performed an incremental exercise test to exhaustion in normoxia and two 2-hour cycle time trial (TT) tests in hypoxia (3,500 m) each separated by 1-week. Prior to the TT, participants supplemented with either α-KG and 5-HMF or placebo (random order). Supplementation did not improve TT performance at altitude and did not affect heart rate, effort perception and oxidative stress levels (p > 0.05). Oxygen saturation (SpO2) was enhanced during the α-KG and 5-HMF supplementation trial (79.5 ± 3.3 vs. 78.2 ± 3.7%, p = 0.026). Even though TT performance was unaffected, the enhanced SpO2 – possibly originated from changed O2-affinity – deserves further consideration as the exercise performance decline at altitude is strongly linked to the SpO2 decline. The inclusion of moderately fit participants, not specifically cycle trained, might have prevented any visible performance enhancement.

Systematic review: Carbohydrate supplementation on exercise performance or capacity of varying durations

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (9) ◽  
pp. 998-1011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trent Stellingwerff ◽  
Gregory R. Cox
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Short Duration ◽  
Performance Studies ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Carbohydrate Supplementation ◽  
Primary Mechanism ◽  
Total Exercise Time ◽  
Significant Performance ◽  
Glycogen Stores

This systematic review examines the efficacy of carbohydrate (CHO) supplementation on exercise performance of varying durations. Included studies utilized an all-out or endurance-based exercise protocol (no team-based performance studies) and featured randomized interventions and placebo (water-only) trial for comparison against exclusively CHO trials (no other ingredients). Of the 61 included published performance studies (n = 679 subjects), 82% showed statistically significant performance benefits (n = 50 studies), with 18% showing no change compared with placebo. There was a significant (p = 0.0036) correlative relationship between increasing total exercise time and the subsequent percent increase in performance with CHO intake versus placebo. While not mutually exclusive, the primary mechanism(s) for performance enhancement likely differs depending on the duration of the exercise. In short duration exercise situations (∼1 h), oral receptor exposure to CHO, via either mouthwash or oral consumption (with enough oral contact time), which then stimulates the pleasure and reward centers of the brain, provide a central nervous system-based mechanism for enhanced performance. Thus, the type and (or) amount of CHO and its ability to be absorbed and oxidized appear completely irrelevant to enhancing performance in short duration exercise situations. For longer duration exercise (>2 h), where muscle glycogen stores are stressed, the primary mechanism by which carbohydrate supplementation enhances performance is via high rates of CHO delivery (>90 g/h), resulting in high rates of CHO oxidation. Use of multiple transportable carbohydrates (glucose:fructose) are beneficial in prolonged exercise, although individual recommendations for athletes should be tailored according to each athlete’s individual tolerance.

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