scholarly journals Comparison of concentrate feeds with different levels of SynerMax® inclusion for dairy cows

1969 ◽  
Vol 89 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 51-58
Author(s):  
Paul F. Randel
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Antibiotic Production ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Brown Swiss ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Lactational Performance ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Daily Milk

Sixteen Holstein and Brown Swiss cows, 112 ± 45 days in milk, were assigned by stage of lactation to a replicated 4 x 4 latin square experimental design with three-week periods. Treatments A, B, C and D were based on pelleted concentrates (CT), theoretically equal in contents of nitrogen (18.0 to 18.3% crude protection) and energy (2.6 Meal NEL/kg) and containing, respectively, 0, 2, 4 and 8% of SynerMax®3 (coproduct of antibiotic production). These were fed at a rate of 1 kg CT/2 kg milk (recalculated weekly) in three daily meals, along with limited access to long hay and nighttime grazing at four cows per hectare on unfertilized grass swards. Mean results for A through D were, respectively: daily CT intake, 10.64, 10.84, 10.25 and 10.57 kg; daily milk yield, 21.32, 21.91, 21.63 and 20.97 kg; milk fat content, 2.76, 2.75, 2.52 and 2.76%; protein content, 3.06, 3.02, 3.02 and 3.04%; ratio of milk to CT (M/CT), 2.01, 2.02, 2.11 and 1.98. Significantly different were the higher CT intake with 2% SynerMax® (B) vs. 4% and 8% (C + D) (0.43 kg difference, P < 0.05), and the higher M/CT with 4% than with 8% SynerMax® (C vs. D) (0.13 kg difference, P < 0.01). Incorporation of SynerMax at levels of 2 and 4% in pelleted CT assured good animal acceptance and had no adverse effects on lactational performance. 

scholarly journals DAY-TO-DAY VARIATIONS IN FAT PERCENT OF COW'S MILK

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 731-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. ATWAL ◽  
J. D. ERFLE
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Supplemental Feeding ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Milk Fat Depression ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

Large day-to-day variations in milk fat, particularly for the morning milkings, were observed in 36 Holstein cows. Changes in percent fat were gradual and produced wavelike patterns in a number of instances. Supplemental feeding of long hay had no effect on acetate/propionate ratio in rumen fluid, daily milk yield or weighted milk fat percentage. Key words: Dairy cows, milk, fat depression, hay

scholarly journals Bioenergetic and ethological features of the first-calf heifers of different genotypes

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-55
Author(s):  
O. O. Borshch ◽  
S. Yu. Ruban ◽  
O. V. Borshch ◽  
V. M. Polishchuk
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Exchange Energy ◽  
Brown Swiss ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Dairy Breed ◽  
Slight Advantage ◽  
Daily Milk

The aim of this work was to study bioenergetic and ethological indicators in crossbred first-calf heifers compared to purebred first-calf heifers. The research was conducted on the first-calf heifers of Ukrainian Black-Pied dairy breed and first-generation crossbreeds obtained as a result of crossing with Brown Swiss breed, as well as, on the first-calf heifers of Ukrainian Red-Pied dairy breed and first-generation crossbreeds obtained as a result of crossing Ukrainian Red-Pied dairy with Montbéliarde breed. The purebred Black-and Red-Pied first-calf heifers prevailed over crossbreed first-calf heifers on the indicator of milk yield for 305 days of lactation by 106.45 and 218.36 kg, respectively. Accordingly, the indicators of average daily milk yield were also higher by 0.35 and 0.72 kg and the indicators of average daily milk yield adjusted by 4 % fat content per 0.15 and 0.16 kg. At the same time, the indicator of average fat content in milk prevailed in crossbreeds of Black-Pied and Brown Swiss breed by 0.08 % compared to purebred Black-Pied breeds, and in Red-Pied crossbreeds with Montbéliarde breed by 0.16 % compared to purebred Red-Pied breeds. The purebred Black-Pied first-calf heifers had an advantage by 2.04 MJ compared to crossbreeds, while the Red-Pied first-calf heifers had a slight advantage by 0.06 MJ compared to crossbreed first-calf heifers on the indicator of daily cost of exchange energy (EE). The purebred Black-and Red-Pied first-calf heifers had higher cost of exchange energy allocated with milk compared to crossbreed first-calf heifers by 0.42 and 0.82 MJ. They also had higher cost of exchange energy rates for heat products by 0.79 and 0.25 MJ. According to the energy index indicator, purebred Black - and Red-Pied first-calf heifers prevailed over crossbreeds first-calf heifers by 0.16 and 0.07 %, respectively. The same trend was observed in relation to the productive index indicator. The purebred Black-and Red-Pied first-calf heifers had a slight advantage by 0.001 and 0.002 kg adjusted by 4 % of milk fat content per 1 MJ. According to the indicators of daily behavioral reactions, no special differences between a purebred and crossbreed were found.

scholarly journals Betaine Improves Milk Yield in Grazing Dairy Cows Supplemented with Concentrates at High Temperatures

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Dunshea ◽  
Kehinde Oluboyede ◽  
Kristy DiGiacomo ◽  
Brian Leury ◽  
Jeremy Cottrell
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Fat Yield ◽  
Grazing Dairy Cows ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Betaine Supplementation ◽  
Daily Milk

Betaine is an organic osmolyte sourced from sugar beet that accumulates in plant cells undergoing osmotic stress. Since the accumulation of betaine lowers the energy requirements of animals and, therefore, metabolic heat production, the aim of this experiment was to investigate if betaine supplementation improved milk yield in grazing dairy cows in summer. One hundred and eighteen Friesian × Holstein cows were paired on days in milk and, within each pair, randomly allocated to a containing treatment of either 0 or 2 g/kg natural betaine in their concentrate ration for approximately 3 weeks during February/March 2015 (summer in Australia). The mean maximum February temperature was 30 °C. Cows were allocated approximately 14 kg dry matter pasture and 7.5 kg of concentrate pellets (fed in the milking shed) per cow per day and were milked through an automatic milking system three times per day. Betaine supplementation increased average daily milk yield by over 6% (22.0 vs. 23.4 kg/day, p < 0.001) with the response increasing as the study progressed as indicated by the interaction (p < 0.001) between betaine and day. Milk fat % (p = 0.87), milk protein % (p = 0.90), and milk somatic cell count (p = 0.81) were unchanged by dietary betaine. However, betaine supplementation increased milk protein yield (677 vs. 719 g/day, p < 0.001) and fat yield (874 vs. 922 g/day, p < 0.001) with responses again being more pronounced as the study progressed. In conclusion, dietary betaine supplementation increased milk and component yield during summer in grazing dairy cows.

Depressing Effect of Rumen Distension on Silage Intake of the Lactating Dairy Cow

1988 ◽  
Vol 1988 ◽  
pp. 82-82
Author(s):  
J.N. Mbanya ◽  
M.H. Anil ◽  
J.M. Forbes
Keyword(s):  
Latin Square ◽  
Depressing Effect ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Daily Milk ◽  
Friesian Cows

The numerous factors involved in the control of food intake by ruminants have been reviewed in detail (Baile and Forbes, 1974.). Distension of the rumen is thought to limit the voluntary intake of hay by dry cows (Campling and Balch, 1961) and by lactating cows (Mbanya, Anil and Forbes, 1987). In more recent reports, it is thought that some of these factors which are negative feedback signals combine additively in their effects to induce satiety (Forbes, 1986). Prior to investigating the additive effects of rumen distension to those of other feedback signals on intake of silage by lactating dairy cows, we carried out a preliminary study now reported to establish a response curve to different levels of distension which will enable an appropriate degree of distension to be imposed in future experiments involving combinations of treatments.Animals and Housing - Five rumen fistulated, non-pregnant Friesian cows in early lactation (mean daily milk yield, 25.2 kg) were used in a 5 x 5 Latin square design with a row omitted.

Accuracy of alternative methods of estimating weekly yields of milk fat and protein

1984 ◽  
Vol 24 (127) ◽  
pp. 464 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Clarke ◽  
A McGowan
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Sampling Frequency ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Fat Yield ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

Thirty-four procedures were used to estimate the weekly yields of milk, milk fat and milk protein of 19 grazing cows on five occasions between the third and eighth months of lactation. The standard deviation of daily milk yield, fat and protein percentage of individual cows averaged 1 .3 litres, 0.58% fat and 0 - 10% protein, respectively. The four factors involved were: sampling frequency, sampling distribution, basis of compositing subsamples for compositional analyses, and the use of total weekly yields or milk yields on day(s) of sampling, for estimating yields of fat and protein. There were no substantial interactions between the 34 procedures and stage of lactation. The average difference between the estimate of weekly milk yield from any one day's yield and the true weekly milk yield (accuracy) was 7.2 litres/week. The equivalent values for fat and protein yields were 0.59 and 0.22 kg/week. When sampling frequency and measurement of milk yield was increased from one to six days per week, the accuracy of the weekly estimate of milk yield (MY) improved by 5.7 litres/week and that of fat yield (FY) by 0.49 kg/week. If total weekly milk yield was used to estimate fat yield, instead of using milk yield on days of testing only, the improvement in accuracy ranged from 0. 15 to 0.03 kg/week for one and six samplings, respectively. Two equally spaced sampling days gave a marginally better (0.74 litres/week) estimate of milk yield than two consecutive days but a marginally poorer (0.10 kg/week) estimate of fat yield. Yield weighting of subsamples for fat or protein analyses did not improve the estimate of fat yield. As the day to day variation in level of protein in the milk was low, frequency and method of sampling for protein analysis was not important but the accuracy of estimating milk yield had a large effect on estimated weekly protein yield.

scholarly journals Performance and Metabolism of Dairy Cows Fed Bean Seeds (Vicia faba) with Different Levels of Anti-Nutritional Substances

2009 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronika Melicharová ◽  
Alena Pechová ◽  
Rudolf Dvořák ◽  
Leoš Pavlata
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritional Content ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Milk Performance ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Cattle Health ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Daily Milk

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of selected bean cultivars with different levels of anti-nutritional substances on performance and metabolism of dairy cows. In the current twelve-week-long study, 32 dairy cows at 3 to 6 weeks after parturition were divided into four groups. Diets were balanced to have an analogical content of crude protein and energy. Experimental groups (MI, ME, MET) were mixed to the milking concentrate consisting of 20% bean seeds (MI - MISTRAL cultivar with a low content of anti-nutritional substances; ME - MERKUR cultivar with high content of anti-nutritional substances; MET - MERKUR cultivar with technologically reduced the amount of anti-nutritional substances). Clinical evaluation of dairy cows’ health and feed intake showed no negative effect of the bean supplementations. Energy, nitrogen and mineral metabolisms were not impaired either. No significant differences were found between groups in milk performance (daily milk yield, protein and lactose production) during the study. On the basis of these results, the bean can be used in 20% in the milking concentrate of dairy cattle. Health risks associated with anti-nutritional content of the native bean are not significant for high-producing dairy cattle.

scholarly journals Effects of herd, season and days in milk on milk urea nitrogen of crossbred dairy cows in Sylhet

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-292
Author(s):  
Nusrat Zahan Shoshe ◽  
Md Abdul Baset ◽  
Md Tariqul Islam ◽  
Shiekh MA Matin ◽  
Md Abdullah Al Mahmud
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Lactation Stage ◽  
Milk Urea ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk ◽  
Milk Urea Nitrogen

The study included 724 crossbred cows (Local × Holstein Friesian) from 9 dairy farms of Sylhet district from July 2013 to June 2014 to determine the effect of herd, season, and days in milk in milk urea nitrogen and the effect of milk production and composition on milk urea nitrogen. According to the season, milk samples were divided into two groups: wet season (June - October) and dry season (November - February). Days in milk (DIM) were grouped into two lactation stages: Lactation 1 (?100 days in milk) and Lactation 2 (?100 days in milk). Milk urea nitrogen was grouped into five categories by increments of 5 mg/dl, started with those less than 10 mg/dl and finishing with concentration greater than 25 mg/dl. The daily milk yield was 6.78 kg ranged from 2.00 to 18.00 kg. The mean of milk urea nitrogen (MUN) concentration was 14.58 mg/dl. Mean values for milk fat and protein contents were 3.74 % and 3.72 %. Among the 9 herds, the highest content of milk urea (MU) was 16.37 mg/dl which was found in herd 2 and the second highest estimation of MU content were in herd 1, 3, 6 and 9 (15.58, 15.51, 15.12 and 14.45 mg/dl, respectively). In the district of Sylhet, the lowest MU content was estimated in herd 4, 5, 7 and 8 (13.59, 13.48, 13.16 and 13.60 mg/dl, respectively). Difference of MUN concentration was not significant between the dry and wet season. The MUN concentrations were 14.82 mg/dl and 14.90 mg/dl in dry and wet season respectively. The concentration of MUN in Lactation 1 was 13.61 mg/dl and in Lactation 2 was 16.26 mg/dl. Milk fat (%) were 3.56, 3.77, 3.64, 4.15 and 3.66 when MUN concentration were ?10.00, 10.01- 15.00, 15.01-20.00, 20.01-25.00 and ?24.01 mg/dl respectively. Daily milk yield did not increase with the increase of MUN concentration. Milk yield were 6.37, 7.21, 6.23, 7.31 and 7.00 Kg/d while MUN concentration were ?10.00, 10.01-15.00, 15.01-20.00, 20.01-25.00 and ?25.01 mg/dl. It may be concluded that herd category and lactation stage influence the milk urea nitrogen concentration of crossbred dairy cows in the Sylhet district.Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.2(2): 287-292, August 2015

scholarly journals Metabolic and Productive Response and Grazing Behavior of Lactating Dairy Cows Supplemented with High Moisture Maize or Cracked Wheat Grazing at Two Herbage Allowances in Spring

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 919
Author(s):  
Verónica M. Merino ◽  
Lorena Leichtle ◽  
Oscar A. Balocchi ◽  
Francisco Lanuza ◽  
Julián Parga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Grazing Behavior

The aim was to determine the effect of the herbage allowance (HA) and supplement type (ST) on dry matter intake (DMI), milk production and composition, grazing behavior, rumen function, and blood metabolites of grazing dairy cows in the spring season. Experiment I: 64 Holstein Friesian dairy cows were distributed in a factorial design that tested two levels of daily HA (20 and 30 kg of dry matter (DM) per cow) and two ST (high moisture maize (HMM) and cracked wheat (CW)) distributed in two daily rations (3.5 kg DM/cow/day). Experiment II: four mid-lactation rumen cannulated cows, supplemented with either HMM or CW and managed with the two HAs, were distributed in a Latin square design of 4 × 4, for four 14-d periods to assess ruminal fermentation parameters. HA had no effect on milk production (averaging 23.6 kg/day) or milk fat and protein production (823 g/day and 800 g/day, respectively). Cows supplemented with CW had greater protein concentration (+1.2 g/kg). Herbage DMI averaged 14.17 kg DM/cow.day and total DMI averaged 17.67 kg DM/cow.day and did not differ between treatments. Grazing behavior activities (grazing, rumination, and idling times) and body condition score (BCS) were not affected by HA or ST. Milk and plasma urea concentration increased under the high HA (+0.68 mmol/L and +0.90 mmol/L, respectively). Cows supplemented with HMM had lower milk and plasma urea concentrations (0.72 mmol/L and 0.76 mmol/L less, respectively) and tended (p = 0.054) to have higher plasma β-hydroxybutyrate. Ruminal parameters did not differ between treatments.

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