Depressing Effect of Rumen Distension on Silage Intake of the Lactating Dairy Cow

1988 ◽  
Vol 1988 ◽  
pp. 82-82
Author(s):  
J.N. Mbanya ◽  
M.H. Anil ◽  
J.M. Forbes
Keyword(s):  
Latin Square ◽  
Depressing Effect ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Daily Milk ◽  
Friesian Cows

The numerous factors involved in the control of food intake by ruminants have been reviewed in detail (Baile and Forbes, 1974.). Distension of the rumen is thought to limit the voluntary intake of hay by dry cows (Campling and Balch, 1961) and by lactating cows (Mbanya, Anil and Forbes, 1987). In more recent reports, it is thought that some of these factors which are negative feedback signals combine additively in their effects to induce satiety (Forbes, 1986). Prior to investigating the additive effects of rumen distension to those of other feedback signals on intake of silage by lactating dairy cows, we carried out a preliminary study now reported to establish a response curve to different levels of distension which will enable an appropriate degree of distension to be imposed in future experiments involving combinations of treatments.Animals and Housing - Five rumen fistulated, non-pregnant Friesian cows in early lactation (mean daily milk yield, 25.2 kg) were used in a 5 x 5 Latin square design with a row omitted.

scholarly journals Comparison of concentrate feeds with different levels of SynerMax® inclusion for dairy cows

1969 ◽  
Vol 89 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 51-58
Author(s):  
Paul F. Randel
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Antibiotic Production ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Brown Swiss ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Lactational Performance ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Daily Milk

Sixteen Holstein and Brown Swiss cows, 112 ± 45 days in milk, were assigned by stage of lactation to a replicated 4 x 4 latin square experimental design with three-week periods. Treatments A, B, C and D were based on pelleted concentrates (CT), theoretically equal in contents of nitrogen (18.0 to 18.3% crude protection) and energy (2.6 Meal NEL/kg) and containing, respectively, 0, 2, 4 and 8% of SynerMax®3 (coproduct of antibiotic production). These were fed at a rate of 1 kg CT/2 kg milk (recalculated weekly) in three daily meals, along with limited access to long hay and nighttime grazing at four cows per hectare on unfertilized grass swards. Mean results for A through D were, respectively: daily CT intake, 10.64, 10.84, 10.25 and 10.57 kg; daily milk yield, 21.32, 21.91, 21.63 and 20.97 kg; milk fat content, 2.76, 2.75, 2.52 and 2.76%; protein content, 3.06, 3.02, 3.02 and 3.04%; ratio of milk to CT (M/CT), 2.01, 2.02, 2.11 and 1.98. Significantly different were the higher CT intake with 2% SynerMax® (B) vs. 4% and 8% (C + D) (0.43 kg difference, P < 0.05), and the higher M/CT with 4% than with 8% SynerMax® (C vs. D) (0.13 kg difference, P < 0.01). Incorporation of SynerMax at levels of 2 and 4% in pelleted CT assured good animal acceptance and had no adverse effects on lactational performance. 

Effect of Bypass Protein on Milk Production and Economic of Lactating Crossbred Cows

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
RATNESH K CHOUDHARY ◽  
A Saran ROY ◽  
N K SINGH3 ◽  
SANJAY KUMAR ◽  
RAUSHAN K SINGH
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Crossbred Cows ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Feed Cost ◽  
Total Diet ◽  
T1 And T2 ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Daily Milk

An On-Farm Trial was conducted on 24 lactating crossbred cows for assessment of feeding formaldehyde treated mustard cake (bypass protein) on milk production and economic analysis of lactating cow. Cows were divided into three groups having 8 cows each, treatments were farmers’ practice (FP); (Control): The lactating animals under this group were fedas per the feeding schedule of the farmers (5 kg. dry roughage as rice straw + 6 hrs grazing as local grass and 4 kg. commercial concentrates), T1: The lactating animals under this group were fed as per farmers practicewith 12% mustard cake of total diet was provided to the cow by replacing the same amount of commercial concentrates andT2: The lactating animals under this group were fed as per farmers practicewith 12% formaldehyde treated mustard cake of total diet was provided to the cow by replacing same amount of commercial concentrates. The average daily milk yield of lactating cows under FP, T1 and T2 was 8.58, 8.82 and 9.85 kg per cow, respectively. Differences between FP and T2 were significant. The daily increase in milk yield was 1.27 kg and 1.03 kg in cows fed T2diet over the cows fed FP and T1diet, respectively. The B: C ratios for FP, T1 and T2 groups were 2.6, 3.0 and 3.3, respectively. The feed cost reduced in T2 group by Rs. 8.64 and increased milk production by 1.27 kg in respect to FP group.

scholarly journals Effects of Sprinkler Flow Rate on Physiological, Behavioral and Production Responses of Nili Ravi Buffaloes during Subtropical Summer

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 339
Author(s):  
Musa Bah ◽  
Muhammad Afzal Rashid ◽  
Khalid Javed ◽  
Talat Naseer Pasha ◽  
Muhammad Qamer Shahid
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Group Water ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

Water buffaloes wallow in water to combat heat stress during summer. With the decreasing reservoirs for wallowing, the farmers use sprinklers to cool the buffaloes in Pakistan. These sprinklers use a large quantity of groundwater, which is becoming scarce. The objective of the current study was to determine the effect of different sprinkler flow rates on the physiological, behavioral, and production responses of Nili Ravi buffaloes during summer. Eighteen buffaloes were randomly subjected to three sprinkler flow rate treatments in a double replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design. The flow rates were 0.8, 1.25, and 2.0 L/min. During the study, the average afternoon temperature humidity index was 84.6. The 1.25 and 2.0 L/min groups had significantly lower rectal temperature and respiratory rates than the 0.8 L/min group. Water intake was significantly higher in the 0.8 L/min group. Daily milk yield was higher in the 1.25 and 2.0 L/min groups than in the 0.8 L/min group. These results suggested that the sprinkler flow rates > 0.8 L/min effectively cooled the buffaloes. The sprinkler flow rate of 1.25 L/min appeared to be more efficient, as it used 37.5% less water compared to the 2.0 L/min.

Dynamics of productivity and indicators of functional homeostasis of lactating cows when supplements based on natural zeolites enriched with a biocomplex of free L-amino acids are introduced into the diet

2022 ◽  
pp. 59-66
Author(s):  
K. Leshchukov ◽  
V. Masalov ◽  
N. Yarovan ◽  
M. Kotаlnikova ◽  
A. Mamaev
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

Purpose: to study the effect of feeding lactating cows with a feed additive enriched with a biocomplex of free L-amino acids of plant origin on the indicators of functional homeostasis, productivity and quality characteristics of milk.Materials and methods. Research and production tests were carried out on the basis of the OS "Streletskaya" branch of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Federal Research Center of Legumes and Groats". To conduct scientific and production tests, 2 groups of cows of 3-4 lactation were formed, 70 heads each. The groups were formed on the principle of analogous pairs.The cows of the experimental group, starting from the second day after calving, in the morning, once a day, received a granulated feed additive "ZEO-AMINO" (Russia) fraction 0.2-0.7 mm at the rate of 2% of the dry matter of the ration daily for the first 100 days lactation. Experimental animals were monitored daily. Clinical examination of animals was carried out with obligatory control of the general condition, thermometry, counting of respiratory movements and rumen contractions, assessment of the udder condition. The productivity of cows was determined according to the results of control milking. Morphological and biochemical blood tests were performed.Results. It was revealed that the daily use of a granular feed additive of fraction 0.2-0.7 mm, starting from the second day after calving, once a day at the rate of 2% of the dry matter of the diet during the first 100 days of lactation, contributes to an increase in the average daily milk yield of cows on average by 15.9%; by 7 months lactation, an increase in the average daily milk yield was established by an average of 18.3%. It was found that feeding the supplement to cows after calving due to better absorption of nitrogen in the diet and accumulation of proteins in the animal's body allows partially neutralizing the negative consequences of negative energy balance after calving, and contributes to a more intensive recovery of live weight loss, which is reliably confirmed by indicators of animal productivity. The results of a biochemical blood test suggest that the use of a feed supplement in obtaining milk has a positive effect on the assimilation of the diet, metabolism and assimilation processes in the body, activates a number of vital functions during the normal course of physiological processes and ensuring functional homeostasis, which ultimately determines increasing the milk production of animals. Analysis of the quality indicators of milk allows us to conclude that the mass fraction of fat when feeding the additive increased by an average of 0.12 abs. %; the mass fraction of protein increased by an average of 0.22 abs.%.Conclusion. To increase milk productivity, reduce the negative effects of negative energy balance after calving, and more intensively restore body weight loss, as well as increase the efficiency of using feed proteins and normalize metabolic processes, it is recommended that daily use of the feed granulated dietary supplement "ZEO-AMINO" fraction in the diets of dairy cows 0.2-0.7 mm at the rate of 2% of the dry matter of the diet, starting from the second day after calving, once a day during the first 100 days of lactation.

Comparative effectiveness of the use of wet flattened corn grain in the rations of lactating cows

2021 ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
K. V. Kireeva ◽  
I. A. Pushkaryev ◽  
N. M. Kostomakhin ◽  
T. A. Litvintseva
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Practical Interest ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Corn Grain ◽  
Corn Grains ◽  
Daily Milk

In order to effectively provide the body of cows with energy during the increasing the milk yield without the risk of acidosis, progressive animal breeders of the Altai Territory include wet flattened corn grain in the composition of concentrated feed. The question of the expediency and economic effectiveness of using wet flattened corn grain for cows of various physiological groups – first-calf heifers and mature animals continues to be debatable. Therefore, a comparative assessment of two options for feeding wet flattened corn grain to cows under the conditions of the Altai Territory is considered promising in modern animal husbandry and is of great practical interest. The purpose of the work was to identify the optimal and economically feasible option for using wet flattened corn grain in the rations of lactating cows. When using wet flattened corn grains in an amount of 7,1 % of the nutritional value of the ration the first-calf heifers during the period of increasing the milk yield, productivity has increased by 20,9 %. The average daily milk yield was 17,3 kg, which significantly exceeded the indicator of the control group (P > 0,95). The inclusion of wet flattened corn grains in the ration of mature cows in the amount of 1 kg for 30–35 days before calving, then 4,5 kg from 15 to 75 days after calving allows us to get the average daily milk yield of 30 kg or 20,3 % higher than that of the control group of herdmates (P > 0,95). The effectiveness of the use of wet flattened corn grain had significant indicators: the total profit from the sale of dairy products of the first-calf heifers of the experimental group amounted to 16 251,3 rubles/head, and from the sale of milk of mature cows of the experimental group it was 30 346,43 rubles/head.

Protein utilisation by the mammary gland in lactating dairy cows

1992 ◽  
Vol 1992 ◽  
pp. 1-1 ◽  
Author(s):  
J A Metcalf ◽  
D E Beever ◽  
J D Sutton ◽  
D J Humphries
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Output ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Protein Supply ◽  
Friesian Cows

Milk output has been manipulated by dietary methods for many years, however the underlying mechanisms for changes in milk composition are as yet unclear. In an attempt to further understand these mechanisms we have compared the mammary uptake of metabolites on two isoenergetic diets with different protein levels expected to provide different amounts of amino acid to the mammary gland.Early- to mid-lactation Friesian cows were used to examine the effect of increased dietary protein supply on the supply of metabolites to and uptake by the mammary gland in relation to milk protein synthesis. Two barley based concentrates were formulated to contain 20.8 (Cl) or 29.1 (C2) g N/kg DM, using fishmeal (Provimi 66, high UDP) as the supplementary protein and fed with grass silage (28.3 g N/kg DM) at a total dry matter intake of 17 kg/day. In Experiment 1 these diets were fed at 50:50 (concentrate:silage) to four lactating cows fitted with rumen and duodenal cannulae in a simple crossover design.

A note on the effect of cyclical changes in energy intake on lactating dairy cows

1975 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. Scrimgeour ◽  
J. K. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Blood Composition ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Fat Yield ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Peak Lactation ◽  
Daily Milk

SUMMARYTwelve Ayrshire cows which had reached or just passed peak lactation were selected and divided into two balanced groups. One group was fed strictly according to yield. The other was fed overall according to yield, but was subjected to a 4-day cycle of energy intake. For 2 days energy intake was 12·2% above calculated requirements and for the next 2 days intake was 12·2% below calculated requirements. The treatment was imposed for 10 weeks and milk yield and composition, body weight and blood composition were measured in both groups of cows. A significant variation in daily milk yield and daily solids-not-fat yield was found to follow the feed cycle. Blood composition showed no significant variation.

scholarly journals Diurnal Concentration of Urinary Nitrogen and Rumen Ammonia Are Modified by Timing and Mass of Herbage Allocation

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 961
Author(s):  
Ignacio E. Beltran ◽  
Pablo Gregorini ◽  
José Daza ◽  
Oscar A. Balocchi ◽  
Alvaro Morales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin Square ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Diurnal Pattern ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen ◽  
Friesian Cows

The objective of this work was to evaluate whether changes in time of herbage allocation and herbage mass (HM) (low (L) or medium (M)) modify the diurnal pattern of urinary nitrogen (N) concentration and ruminal ammonia (NH3) of lactating dairy cows. Four Holstein-Friesian cows fitted with rumen cannula were randomly allocated to one of four treatments: 1) low herbage mass in the morning (L-AM) (Access to new herbage allocation after morning milking with a herbage mass (HM) of 2000 kg DM/ha); 2) low herbage mass in the afternoon (L-PM) (Access to new herbage allocation after afternoon milking with a HM of 2000 kg DM/ha); 3) medium herbage mass in the morning (M-AM) (Access to new herbage allocation after morning milking with a HM of 3000 kg DM/ha); and 4) medium herbage mass in the afternoon (M-PM) (Access to new herbage allocation after afternoon milking with a HM of 3000 kg DM/ha). A four by four Latin Square design with four treatments, four cows, and four experimental periods was used to evaluate treatment effects. Rumen NH3 concentration was greater for L-AM compared to L-PM and M-PM at 13:00 and 16:00 h. Urine urea and N concentrations were lower for M-AM compared to L-AM. Urine N concentration was greater for L-AM than other treatments at 10:00 hours and greater for M-PM compared to M-AM at 16:00 hours. Results suggest that maintaining the cows in the holding pen at the milking parlor for two hours after morning grass silage supplementation for L-AM and for two hours after afternoon grass silage supplementation for M-PM, could allow collection of urine from cows at the holding pen and storage of urine in the slurry pit during the time of peak N concentration, returning cows to the pasture at a time of day when urinary N concentration is decreased.

VOLUNTARY INTAKE OF SHREDDED NEWSPRINT BY DAIRY COWS

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 799-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. GRIEVE ◽  
J. H. BURTON ◽  
H. E. BRAUN ◽  
R. FRANK
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Voluntary Intake

Shredded newsprint is a potential source of bedding for livestock, but because it may contain certain heavy metals and polychlorinated biphenyls significant voluntary consumption of newsprint by animals would be undesirable. To determine consumption levels, 18 Holstein cows in mid-lactation (average 19 wk) were used in a double latin square design. Squares represented access to shredded newsprint or chopped hay in the feed manger except during feeding time. Within squares, cows were allotted to each of three complete mixed rations over three 6-wk treatment periods. Rations comprised hay crop silage, corn silage, high moisture grain corn and soybean meal with roughage:concentrate ratios of 30:70 (LR), 50:50 (MR) and 70:30 (HR). Mixed rations were fed according to individual cow requirements for energy depending on body weight, milk yield and milk fat percent. Cows were allowed 4 h after each of two feedings per day to consume their allotted mixed ration. Voluntary consumption of newsprint was only 0.3 kg per cow per day or 2% of total dry matter intake while for those offered hay consumption was 2.6 kg∙cow−1∙day−1 or 15% of total dry matter intake. Intakes of mixed rations were unaffected by roughage:concentrate ratio or newsprint versus hay. However, total dry matter consumption (mixed ration plus newsprint or hay) was higher for cows offered hay (17.3 kg∙cow−1∙day−1) than for those offered newsprint (15.1 kg∙cow−1∙day−1). Levels of heavy metals in milk or blood samples of cows with access to newsprint were within normally accepted ranges. PCBs were at undetectable levels in all cases. Bedding cows with newsprint is unlikely to result in significant consumption or contamination of animals or their products. Key words: Lactating cows, newsprint consumption, heavy metals

scholarly journals A preliminary study of the effect of pregnancy and of lactation on the voluntary intake of food by cows

1966 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Campling
Keyword(s):  
Twin Pair ◽  
Monozygotic Twin ◽  
The Other ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Pregnant Animal ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Voluntary Intake

1. Monozygotic twin cattle were used in a preliminary study of the effect of pregnancy and of lactation on the voluntary intake of food and water, and on eating and ruminating behaviour. Also, results are reported of an experiment with five pairs of monozygotic twin heifers to examine the variation within pairs of twins in voluntary intake of food and water and eating and ruminating behaviour.2. Voluntary food and water intakes were measured during the last few weeks of pregnancy and during early lactation. Within each twin pair one twin was pregnant or lactating and the other non-lactating and not pregnant, and the food and water intakes of a pair of twins were measured simultaneously.3. On average the variation in voluntary intake of hay within pairs of non-pregnant, monozygotic twin heifers was 0.2 kg or 3 % of the mean daily hay intake.4. The effect of pregnancy was observed in six pairs of twins and in five of the pairs the pregnant animal ate iess hay than its non-pregnant twinmate; in four of these five pairs the effect was small (13 % ). Changes in eating and ruminating behaviour associated with pregnancy were small; the pregnant animals ate concentrates and hay more slowly and ruminated longer than the non-pregnant animals.5. Lactation was associated with a mean increase of 29 % in hay intake in eight out of the nine pairs studied. In four pairs of twins given a diet of concentrates alone the lactating animal ate on average 8 % more than the non-lactating animal. The lactating cows tended to eat concentrates and hay more quickly than the non-lactating cows; because of differences in the ratio of hay to concentrates it was not possible to interpret the changes in rumination that occurred with lactation.

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