Identity and Writing: the Case of Eastern Sephardic Women

2021 ◽  
pp. 23-35
Author(s):  
Elisa Martín Ortega
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Gender Studies ◽  
Cultural Minority ◽  
Female Writers ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Traditional Roles ◽  
The Way

Access to written culture, which began to be widespread among Sephardic women in the former Ottoman Empire at the end of the nineteenth century, opens a new perspective in gender studies of the Jewish minority in Muslim societies. Writing constitutes one of the main vehicles through which individuals appropriate their own identity and culture. In this sense, female Eastern Sephardic writers represent a fascinating example of how a cultural minority elaborates its consciousness and the awareness of its past. This article deals with this specific issue: the way that both the first Sephardic female writers and those who followed were able to elaborate a new identity through the act of writing and the awareness of its multiple possibilities. The first Sephardic female writers (Reina Hakohén, Rosa Gabay and Laura Papo) show us their contradictions: the identification with the traditional roles of women, the continuous justifications of their work as writers, the redefinition of what means to be a female writer in the context of Eastern Sephardic societies.

scholarly journals Correspondence manuals in nineteenth-century Greater Syria: between the arzuhalci and the advent of popular letter writing

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuval Ben-Bassat ◽  
Fruma Zachs
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Letter Writing ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

This article is based on several editions of a recently located letter writing manual by Yusuf Efendi al-Shalfun (1839-95). This booklet provides a new perspective on a period in which the practice of ‘popular’ letter-writing was expanding in the Arab provinces of the Ottoman empire. Little research has been devoted thus far to the implications of the increase in the ability to write (in contradistinction to the ability to read), in the empire’s Arab provinces in the second half of the nineteenth century. Popular correspondence, both personal and more formal, gradually developed among the Arab urban literate population, who used manuals such as the one written by al-Shalfun as guides to write in various official, social, and familial situations. Letter writing thus complemented the work of the arzuhalcis, the professional letter and petition writers in the Ottoman empire. This paper examines the impact of popular letter writing in Greater Syria in the second half of the nineteenth century as well as the public’s ability at the time to communicate through writing.

‘Ossian fürs Frauenzimmer’? Lengefeld, Günderrode, and the Portuguese Translations of ‘Alcipe’ and Adelaide Prata

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-360
Author(s):  
Gerald Bär
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Gender Studies ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
Female Writers ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Shed Light

This article examines German and Portuguese Ossian translations by female writers, particularly translations of Dar-thula, one of Macpherson's most popular pieces. Charlotte von Lengefeld's and Karoline von Günderrode's German translations raise the question of whether Ossian was considered a suitable subject for women, offering further insights into the reasons for the astonishing popularity of Macpherson's publications in German-speaking countries. The Portuguese versions of the Marquesa de Alorna and Adelaide Prata and their favourable reviews shed light on their acceptance in nineteenth-century Portugal. Comparison of the different approaches and objectives of these four translators together with the analysis of their different source texts and skills is intended to contribute to debate on translation and gender studies.

scholarly journals Negative Romanticism: An Exploration of a Sense of Isolation in Yushij's Afsaneh

2016 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 30-36
Author(s):  
Mohammed Hussein Oroskhan ◽  
Esmaeil Zohdi
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Persian Literature ◽  
Romantic Poet ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Way Of Thinking ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Obscure Origin ◽  
The Way

From its beginning in the academic studies during the later nineteenth century, Romanticism has provoked ongoing debates over the nature of its definition. Nonetheless Morse Peckham has satisfactorily settled this matter by indicating that romanticism has dramatically altered the way of thinking therefore it should be distinctively met. For this purpose, he proposed that dealing with the concept of romanticism necessitate dividing it into two concepts of negative and positive romanticism in which a transition is occurred from negative romanticism to positive romanticism however in some cases this transition may not become completed and is lead to the obscure origin of the sense of isolation among various romantic poets. To clearly illustrate Peckham's notion of negative romanticism, it is tried to explore Nima Yushij's Afsaneh who is known to be the most romantic poet of Persian literature. Based upon Peckham's notion of negative romanticism, Nima's sense of despair and isolation in Afsaneh is fully justified and it is highly suggested that Peckham's new perspective toward romanticism can eventually settle the conflicting views on the subject of Romanticism.

Reflections

2019 ◽  
pp. 294-296
Author(s):  
Julia Round
Keyword(s):  
Critical Theory ◽  
Gender Studies ◽  
Children’S Literature ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Comics Studies ◽  
Inclusive Approach ◽  
History Of ◽  
Female Writers ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Way

These concluding remarks expand on the significance of the definition of Gothic for Girls and consider what Misty can tell us about current approaches to critical theory, gender studies and comics studies. It reflects on the value that Misty readers placed on ‘their’ comic, and the way in which childhood texts help shape our identities. It argues that the intertwined histories of Children’s Literature and Gothic form a fitting backdrop for the concerns that have dogged the history of the comics medium, which has often been labeled unfit for study. It thus emphasizes the pitfalls demonstrated by Gothic, where critical discourse has frequently framed chosen texts as anomalies and overlooked or undervalued the contributions of female writers and audiences more generally. It concludes that as publishers seek to revitalize the comics industry and comics studies gains traction we must tread carefully and take a more inclusive approach.

“Long, Long Will She Be Affectionately Remembered”: Gender and the Memorialization of an American Female Missionary

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-31
Author(s):  
Christine Lindner
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Women's Work ◽  
Foreign Missions ◽  
Women’S Work ◽  
Education Of Women ◽  
Women And Girls ◽  
Protestant Missions ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Way

AbstractThis article traces the transformation of gender within nineteenth century American Protestant missions, through comparing the life and post-humus memorializations of Sarah Lanman Smith, a missionary for the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in Ottoman Syria during 1830s. Through examining the ways that Sarah defined her own identity and gender in relation to different commemorations of her life and work, this article demonstrates that 'Sarah' was increasingly read through the lens of an narrowed binary of gender. This was done through selectively editing her history in a manner that focused upon the education of women and girls, thus affirming the emerging concept of 'women's work for women'. In so doing, this article re-introduces the life of Sarah Smith, deconstructs the way that she was remembered, and presents a new perspective on the dynamic and ever-changing culture that supported and defined nineteenth century Protestant missions. L'article retrace la transformation du genre au sein des missions américaines au 19ème siècle au travers d'une analyse de la vie et des mémorialisations posthumes de Sarah Lanman Smith, une missionnaire de l'American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, qui travailla en Syrie ottomane durant les années 1830. L'article montre, au travers d'une analyse de l'identité et du genre de Sarah et de l'analyse de commémorations de sa vie et de son travail que « Sarah » devint avec le temps de plus en plus comprise au travers d'un prisme binaire du genre. Cette réduction s'opéra par l'édition sélective de son histoire qui se centra dorénavant sur l'éducation des femmes et des filles, confirmant ainsi le concept émergent du « travail de femme pour les femmes ». Ce faisant, l'article restore la vie de Sarah Smith, déconstruit la manière dont on en vint à se souvenir d'elle, et présente une perspective nouvelle sur la culture dynamique et changeante des missions protestantes du 19ème siècle.

Friendship, sociability, and masculinity in the Ottoman Empire: An essay confronting the ghosts of historicism

2010 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 103-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serkan Delice
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
The Other ◽  
Historical Narratives ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Identity Based ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Constructivist Approaches

AbstractThis paper explores the historical transformation of masculinity and male intimacy in the Ottoman Empire, with a special emphasis on ethnic, class and gender subtexts of same-sex relationships. Focusing on two significant historical narratives—one written by the historian Mustafâ Âlî in the late sixteenth century, the other by the nineteenth-century historian Cevdet Paşa—I will discuss the ways in which both historians produced narratives of transition and decadence and deployed a problematic historicism that does identify same-sex intimacy. Coming to terms with the inadequacies of both essentialist/identity-based and constructivist approaches for understanding historically specific gender and sexual identifications, I will argue for a new set of concepts that will allow us to appreciate the continuing instrumental significance of same-sex intimacy in a wider discussion of friendship, masculinity and conduct. I will also interrogate the extent to which we might read historical narratives, in spite of their historicist, silencing effects, from a new perspective on subjectivity—a perspective that accounts for the potential of historical subjects to weave webs of identification and sociability, as well as to create relational modes that escape the regulatory, hetero-normalizing agenda of historicism.

scholarly journals The Engineer's Garden

1970 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 107-121
Author(s):  
Mari Hvattum
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Landscape Perception ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
The Way

This essay studies two nineteenth-century travel guides to Norway and looks at the way their descriptions and illustrations construe the national landscape. Written at the beginning of the railway era, these guides cater to a new kind of traveler – the railway tourist. This was a traveler who moved dast and effortlessly through the landscape and for whom the en route experience attained a new importance. The guides reflect this new perspective. They describe with meticulous care the attractions passing outside the compartment window and choreograph the travelers’ body and eye so that he (or occasionally she) would not miss a single vista. In his classic study of 19th-century landscape perception, Wolfgang Schivelbusch argues that this particular view of the landscape was new to the nineteenth century, intrinsically linked to the new mode and speed of travel. This essay, however, suggests that the aesthetics of the mobile eye has a longer historical lineage, stretching back to the English garden of the eighteenth century. Using the notion of the fabrique – scenic elements placed as points of view in eighteenth-century landscape gardens – the essay identifies the particular fabriques of the nineteenth century railway landscape. It suggests, borrowing a term from the French historian Antoine Picon, that the nineteenth century railway landscape is a kind of “engineer’s garden”, conceived, composed, and experiences en route.

Remembering the Past in Nineteenth-Century Scotland

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
James J. Coleman
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
National Identity ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Collective Memories ◽  
The Past ◽  
Prevailing View ◽  
The Way

At a time when the Union between Scotland and England is once again under the spotlight, Remembering the Past in Nineteenth-Century Scotland examines the way in which Scotland’s national heroes were once remembered as champions of both Scottish and British patriotism. Whereas 19th-century Scotland is popularly depicted as a mire of sentimental Jacobitism and kow-towing unionism, this book shows how Scotland’s national heroes were once the embodiment of a consistent, expressive and robust view of Scottish nationality. Whether celebrating the legacy of William Wallace and Robert Bruce, the reformer John Knox, the Covenanters, 19th-century Scots rooted their national heroes in a Presbyterian and unionist view of Scotland’s past. Examined through the prism of commemoration, this book uncovers collective memories of Scotland’s past entirely opposed to 21st-century assumptions of medieval proto-nationalism and Calvinist misery. Detailed studies of 19th-century commemoration of Scotland’s national heroes Uncovers an all but forgotten interpretation of these ‘great Scots’ Shines a new light on the mindset of nineteenth-century Scottish national identity as being comfortably Scottish and British Overturns the prevailing view of Victorian Scottishness as parochial, sentimental tartanry

‘Here in India’: Nineteenth-Century British Women Navigating their Position in the Empire through Children's Literature

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-185
Author(s):  
Jesse Aberbach
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Children’S Literature ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
Children's Books ◽  
Children’S Books ◽  
Maternal Roles ◽  
Female Writers ◽  
And Control ◽  
Botanical Study

This article considers how the children's books written by two nineteenth-century female writers, Eliza Tabor and Mary Martha Sherwood, when they accompanied their husbands to India, enabled them to navigate this new environment and their position as respectable middle-class women while revealing how India was deemed a place where British childhood was impossible. Just as many women took up botanical study to legitimise their ‘otherwise transgressive presence in imperial spaces’ (McEwan 219), writing for children enabled others to engage with the masculine world of travelling and earning money without compromising their femininity. Addressing their work to children also seems to have helped both writers to deal with the absence of their own children: the Indian climate made it impossibly challenging for most British infants and children. In this way their writing gives expression to what might be termed a crisis of imperial motherhood. Underlying the texts is an anxiety relating to British settlement and an attempt to comprehend and control a place that threatened their maternal roles.

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