Plant-Based Diets-Environmental Benefits but Better Awareness Needed to Prevent Future Micronutrient Shortcomings

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Derbyshire
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Observational Evidence ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Iron And Zinc ◽  
Dietary Shifts ◽  
Nutrition Communication

Plant-based diets are accelerating in their popularity and yet their nutritional viability remains a matter of interest. In the present review, data has been extrapolated from available studies assessing micronutrient profiles amongst those following plant-based diets. A total of five systematic review and meta-analysis papers collating evidence from 95 separate studies and six observational studies collating evidence from 16,262 participants were evaluated. Systematic and meta-analytical evidence showed that vitamin B12, vitamin D, iron and zinc shortfalls were most common. Observational evidence showed that vitamin B12, vitamin D, selenium and iodine deficits were most widespread. Low intakes of zinc, niacin, riboflavin and potassium were also reported. These findings suggest that stronger nutrition communication strategies are needed to improve the micronutrient profile of these diets. Supplementation strategies together with food fortification where appropriate could also help to bridge dietary gaps. Bearing this in mind, current supplementation guidance should also be updated to reflect contemporary dietary shifts. Ongoing research is also required to better understand the nutritional ramifications of these diets both across the lifecycle and in relation to a broader spectrum of health outcomes.

scholarly journals Maternal Vitamin D Status and Risk of Gestational Diabetes: a Meta-Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 291-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingmin Hu ◽  
Yue Zhang ◽  
Xing Wang ◽  
Lianghui You ◽  
Pengfei Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Vitamin D Insufficiency ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Maternal Vitamin ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Maternal Vitamin D Status

Background/Aims: Whether maternal vitamin D deficiency is associated with gestational diabetes remains controversial. This meta-analysis aimed to systematically evaluate published evidence on the association between maternal vitamin D status and the risk of gestational diabetes. Methods: We retrieved relevant articles from the PubMed, Medline and Embase databases up to May 2017 for observational studies investigating the association between vitamin D status and the risk of gestational diabetes. Odds ratios (OR) or risk ratios (RR) from individual studies were pooled using the fixed and random effect models. Results: The meta-analysis of 29 observational studies included 28,982 participants, of which 4,634 were diagnosed with gestational diabetes, and showed that maternal vitamin D insufficiency was associated with a significantly increased risk of gestational diabetes by 39% (pooled OR = 1.39, 95%CI = 1.20-1.60) with moderate heterogeneity (I2 = 50.2%; P = 0.001). Moreover, the 25(OH)D level was significantly lower in gestational diabetes cases than in controls with a pooled effect of -4.79 nmol/L (95% CI = -6.43, -3.15). Significant heterogeneity was also detected (I2 = 65.0%, P < 0.001). Further subgroup analysis indicated that this association was also evident in most subpopulations. Conclusion: This meta-analysis indicated a significant association between vitamin D insufficiency and increased risk of gestational diabetes. Further well-designed large-scale clinical trials are essential to verify this association.

Serum Vitamin D Level and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies and Randomized Control Trials

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (05) ◽  
pp. 305-315
Author(s):  
Nasim Säidifard ◽  
Hadith Tangestani ◽  
Kurosh Djafarian ◽  
Sakineh Shab-Bidar
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Carotid Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Serum Vitamin D ◽  
Media Thickness

AbstractIt is reported that vitamin D deficiency is associated with carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT). In addition, several randomized clinical trials (RCTs) have studied the influence of vitamin D supplement on CIMT. However, results are inconclusive. This review aimed to systematically explore the potential link of the serum vitamin D level with CIMT pooling together observational studies and RCTs. PubMed and Scopus were searched for studies published until February 13, 2018. The Fisher’s z (SE) correlation coefficient, odds ratio (OR), and mean (SD) of changes in CIMT from baseline were used to perform meta-analysis in observational studies and RCTs, respectively. To pool data, both a fixed-effects model and a random-effects model (in case of heterogeneity) were used. Heterogeneity was assessed using Cochran’s Q and I2 tests. Nineteen observational studies and 3 RCTs met inclusion criteria. The pooled correlation coefficients of 17 observational studies showed [(Fisher’s z=− 0.41, 95% CI: –0.63 to –0.19, p<0.001), I2=96.9%, p < 0.001] a significant inverse association between serum vitamin D and risk of CIMT. Pooling three risk estimates of three studies [(OR = 1.69, 95% CI: 0.74 to 3.86, p=0.209); I2=085.1%, p<0.001)] indicated no significant association between serum vitamin D status and risk of CIMT. Combining data of RCTs showed vitamin D supplementation significantly reduced CIMT [(MD: –0.034, 95% CI: –0.62 to –0.05, p=0.012), I2=16.6%, p = 0.301]. Our findings show that serum vitamin D is inversely associated with CIMT and vitamin D supplementation may reduce CMIT.

Association between vitamin D and dry eye disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 418-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gholamreza Askari ◽  
Nahid Rafie ◽  
Maryam Miraghajani ◽  
Zahra Heidari ◽  
Arman Arab
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Dry Eye ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Dry Eye Disease ◽  
Eye Disease

scholarly journals Prenatal vitamin D status and offspring’s growth, adiposity and metabolic health: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 119 (3) ◽  
pp. 310-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Santamaria ◽  
Wei Guang Bi ◽  
Line Leduc ◽  
Negar Tabatabaei ◽  
Prévost Jantchou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Metabolic Health ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Offspring Growth

AbstractIn this systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies, we aimed to estimate the associations between prenatal vitamin D status and offspring growth, adiposity and metabolic health. We searched the literature in human studies on prenatal vitamin D status and offspring growth in PubMed, up to July 2017. Studies were selected according to their methodological quality and outcomes of interest (anthropometry, fat mass and diabetes in offspring). The inverse variance method was used to calculate the pooled mean difference (MD) with 95 % CI for continuous outcomes, and the Mantel–Haenszel method was used to calculate the pooled OR with 95 % CI for dichotomous outcomes. In all, thirty observational studies involving 35 032 mother–offspring pairs were included. Vitamin D status was evaluated by circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) level. Low vitamin D status was based on each study’s cut-off for low 25(OH)D levels. Low prenatal vitamin D levels were associated with lower birth weight (g) (MD −100·69; 95 % CI −162·25, −39·13), increased risk of small-for-gestational-age (OR 1·55; 95 % CI 1·16, 2·07) and an elevated weight (g) in infant at the age of 9 months (g) (MD 119·75; 95 % CI 32·97, 206·52). No associations were observed between prenatal vitamin D status and other growth parameters at birth, age 1 year, 4–6 years or 9 years, nor with diabetes type 1. Prenatal vitamin D may play a role in infant adiposity and accelerated postnatal growth. The effects of prenatal vitamin D on long-term metabolic health outcomes in children warrant future studies.

Prenatal vitamin D status and respiratory and allergic outcomes in childhood: A meta-analysis of observational studies

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa M. Pacheco-González ◽  
Luis García-Marcos ◽  
Eva Morales
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Vitamin D Status

Association between vitamin D status and sepsis in children: A meta-analysis of observational studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 1735-1741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongqiong Xiao ◽  
Xiaoyan Zhang ◽  
Junjie Ying ◽  
Yan Zhou ◽  
Xihong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Vitamin D Status

Association between blood vitamin D and myocardial infarction: A meta-analysis including observational studies

2017 ◽  
Vol 471 ◽  
pp. 270-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jizhen Huang ◽  
Zhiwei Wang ◽  
Zhipeng Hu ◽  
Wanli Jiang ◽  
Bowen Li
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis

scholarly journals Association Between Vitamin D Status and Undernutrition Indices in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunhua Song ◽  
Hongzhi Sun ◽  
Ben Wang ◽  
Chunli Song ◽  
Hongying Lu
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Risk Estimate ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Serum Vitamin D

Introduction: Undernutrition, defined as stunting, wasting, and underweight, still implicates millions of infants and children worldwide. Micronutrients have pivotal effects on growth rate. The outcomes of vitamin D deficiency on undernutrition indices have stayed controversial. The object of current study is to answer this question: is there any association between vitamin D status and undernutrition indices?Methods: The international databases were used for a systematic search to identify relevant observational studies in English up to January 2021. A random-effect model was applied to combine the results of included essays.Results: Among 3,400 citations, 7 observational studies (4 cohorts and 3 cross-sectional) were eligible to enter in meta-analysis. Analysis of the lowest 8,295 children indicated that low vs. high serum level of vitamin D is directly associated with a higher risk of wasting (Summary Risk Estimate: 1.30; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.62; I2 = 0%). However, there is no significant association between vitamin status and risk of stunting (Summary Risk Estimate: 1.10; 95% CI: 0.72, 1.70; I2 = 81.6%) and underweight (Summary Risk Estimate: 1.12; 95% CI: 0.81, 1.56; I2 = 49.2%).Conclusion: When comparing low and high serum vitamin D concentration categories, there is an inverse link between vitamin D status and wasting, but no relationship with stunting as well as underweight. However, further prospective and trial studies are required to deepen our understanding of these associations.

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