scholarly journals Sequence Stratigraphy of the Fatha Formation in Shaqlawa Area, Northern Iraq

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (2F) ◽  
pp. 13-21
Author(s):  
Hamid Alsultan ◽  
Karrar Awad
Keyword(s):  
Depositional Environment ◽  
Sedimentary Facies ◽  
Third Order ◽  
Northern Iraq ◽  
Depositional Settings ◽  
Surface Section ◽  
Continental Sabkha ◽  
Bounded Below ◽  
Marly Limestone ◽  
System Tract

A surface section of the Fatha Formation (Middle Miocene) was studied in the Shaqlawa area, Erbil, Northern Iraq. It consists of siliciclastic silt, evaporates, and carbonates in a mixed siliciclastic silt composition. The Fatha Formation in the study area can be divided into two members of variable thickness based on rocky differences. Depositional settings ranged from shallow open-marine and restricted-hypersaline to supratidal and continental (sabkha, fluvio-deltaic, and exposure). It is bounded below by a type one sequence boundary above the Eocene Pila Spi Formation and marked by conglomerates. The upper sequence boundary with the Injana Formation is conformable. Thirteen sedimentary facies were distinguished in the Fatha Formation within the Shaqlawa region of northern Iraq and include sandstone to mudstone, wavy bedded sandstone to mudstone, Flaser bedded sandstone to mudstone, Marl, sandstone, cross lamination sandstone, Trough cross bedded sandstone, Planar cross bedded sandstone, marly limestone lithofacies, bioclastic grainstone to packstone microfacies, bioclastic lime mudstone to wackestone microfacies, lime mudstone-wackestone microfacies, and gypsum lithofacies. The depositional environment of the formation was inferred based on the facies association concepts. The succession formation can be divided into several third-order cycles, which reflect fluctuations in the relative sea-level rise. High-frequency cycles of transgressive System Tract and Highstand System tract. Fundamental to the evolution of the sequence, in this case, is the local tectonic component.

scholarly journals Oligocene stratigraphy in the Sinjar Basin, northwestern Iraq

GeoArabia ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 17-44
Author(s):  
Nabil Y. Al-Banna ◽  
Majid M. Al-Mutwali ◽  
Nawzat R. Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Middle Eocene ◽  
Sedimentary Facies ◽  
Late Eocene ◽  
Back Reef ◽  
Third Order ◽  
Sequence Stratigraphic ◽  
Northern Iraq ◽  
Total Range ◽  
Assemblage Zone ◽  
Intertidal Environments

ABSTRACT The distribution of the Oligocene succession (basinal and reef–back-reef deposits) in Iraq closely follows the pattern set in Middle to Late Eocene times. Reef–back-reef limestone has a linear outcrop across northern Iraq from northwest (the eastern part of the studied area) to southeast. In the Sinjar Basin, the Oligocene succession is unconformable on the Middle Eocene Jaddala Formation and unconformably to relative conformably underlies the Lower Miocene Anah or Ibrahim formations. Two surface sections on the Sinjar Anticline and one cored borehole in the Butmah Anticline formed the basis for our study. Biostratigraphic analysis indicated four planktonic and three benthonic foraminiferal biozones. The planktonic biozones are Pseudohastigerina micra and Globigerina ampliapertura Partial-Range zones, Globorotalia opima opima Total-Range Zone and Globigerina ciperonesis ciperoensis Partial-Range Zone; the three benthonic biozones are Nummulites fichteli-Nummulites intermedius Assemblage Zone, Borelis pygmaeus Total-Range Zone, and Praerhapydionina delicata-Austrotrillina howchini-Peneroplis evolutus Assemblage Zone. Three depositional sequences are present in the sections and borehole and comprise two third-order sedimentary cycles. The first consists of the Palani, Sheikh Alas and Shurau formations and the lower part of the Tarjil Formation deposited in upper-bathyal to intertidal environments; the second is the upper Tarjil Formation and Bajwan Formation. The Baba Formation (a barrier deposit) was not seen in the studied sections, but probably reflects lateral stacking development of the barrier to the west. The upper Tarjil Formation was deposited in upper-bathyal to middle-shelf environments whereas the Bajwan Formation consists of subtidal to tidal-flat deposits. Sequence-stratigraphic analysis, as calibrated by sedimentary facies and biostratigraphy, delineated the two third-order depositional cycles as the Oligocene First Cycle of Rupelian age and the Chattian Oligocene Second Cycle. This suggests that the studied Oligocene succession was deposited over a period of about 9 million years and shows good correlation of the northeastern Arabian Platform with other parts of the Platform and with European Oligocene sequences.

scholarly journals A Deep Marine Origin for the Tajau Sandstone Member of the Kudat Formation, Kudat Peninsula, Sabah: Evidence from Facies Analysis and Ichnology

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-313
Author(s):  
Hafzan Eva Mansor ◽  
Meor Hakif Amir Hassan ◽  
Junaidi Asis
Keyword(s):  
Depositional Environment ◽  
Facies Analysis ◽  
Sedimentary Facies ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Hydraulic Jumps ◽  
Marine Origin ◽  
Shallow Marine ◽  
Depositional Settings ◽  
Density Flow ◽  
Slope Topography

There have been many disagreements regarding the depositional environment of the Oligocene Tajau Sandstone Member of the Kudat Formation, Northern Sabah. We present here, the first detailed sedimentary facies analysis for the Tajau Sandstone Member, exposed on the Kudat Peninsula. The identified facies are interpreted as the deposits of subaqueous sediment density flows, which are common processes in deep marine depositional settings. These include debrites, hyperconcentrated density flow deposits, and turbidites. Several of the turbidite facies display evidence for hydraulic jumps, which are also common processes in deepwater settings and probably indicate changes in slope topography or loss of flow confinement. Trace fossils characteristic of the Nereites ichnofacies are also diagnostic of a deep marine depositional environment. Facies previously identified by previous workers as hummocky cross-stratification in the Tajau Sandstone Member, which was used to support a shallow marine interpretation, is better interpreted as supercritical antidunes developed in high density turbidites, based on the coarse-grained texture, spaced layering and association with other subaqeuoues density flow deposits.

An integrated high-resolution geophysical and geologic visualization of a Lake Bonneville shoreline deposit (Utah, USA)

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. T265-T282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katelynn M. Smith ◽  
John H. McBride ◽  
Stephen T. Nelson ◽  
R. William Keach ◽  
Samuel M. Hudson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Depositional Environment ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Sedimentary Facies ◽  
Basin And Range ◽  
Basin And Range Province ◽  
Lake Bonneville ◽  
Depositional Processes ◽  
Gravel Bar

Pilot Valley, located in the eastern Basin and Range, Western Utah, USA, contains numerous shorelines and depositional remnants of Late Pleistocene Lake Bonneville. These remnants present excellent ground-penetrating radar (GPR) targets due to their coherent stratification, low-clay, low-salinity, and low moisture content. Three-dimensional GPR imaging can resolve fine-scale stratigraphy of these deposits down to a few centimeters, and when combined with detailed outcrop characterization, it provides an in-depth look at the architecture of these deposits. On the western side of Pilot Valley, a well-preserved late Pleistocene gravel bar records shoreline depositional processes associated with the Provo (or just post-Provo) shoreline period. GPR data, measured stratigraphic sections, cores, paleontological sampling for paleoecology and radiocarbon dating, and mineralogical analysis permit a detailed reconstruction of the depositional environment of this well-exposed prograding gravel bar. Contrary to other described Bonneville shoreline deposits, calibrated radiocarbon ages ranging from 16.5 to 14.3 (ka, BP) indicate that the bar was stable and active during an overall regressive stage of the lake, as it dropped from the Provo shoreline (or just post-Provo level). Our study provides a model for an ancient pluvial lakeshore depositional environment in the Basin and Range province and suggests that stable, progradational bedforms common to the various stages of Lake Bonneville are likely not all associated with periods of shoreline stability, as is commonly assumed. The high-resolution GPR visualization demonstrates the high degree of compartmentalization possible for a potential subsurface reservoir target based on ancient shoreline sedimentary facies.

Tectonic Evolution and Sequence Filling of Paleocene in Lishui Sag, East China Sea Shelf Basin

2013 ◽  
Vol 807-809 ◽  
pp. 2244-2248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Shui Liu ◽  
Ming Zhang ◽  
Jin Liang Zhang ◽  
Chun Yan Wang ◽  
Peng Hui Zhang
Keyword(s):  
East China Sea ◽  
Tectonic Evolution ◽  
Sedimentary Facies ◽  
East China ◽  
The East China Sea ◽  
Control Effect ◽  
Third Order ◽  
China Sea ◽  
East China Sea Shelf ◽  
System Tracts

The Lishui sag located at Southwest of the East China Sea Shelf Basin. It had undergone the four stages of syn-rift processes in Late Cretaceous to Paleocene: initial rift stage, main rift stage, stable rift stage and decline stage. The tectonic evolution has control effect on the development of sequence stratigraphy and the sediments distribution. Three second-order sequences, five third-order sequences and twelve system tracts are distinguished. Different sedimentary facies recognized in the Lishui sag.

Sequence stratigraphy of the lacustrine rift basin in the Paleogene system of the Bohai Sea area: Architecture mode, deposition filling pattern, and response to tectonic rifting processes

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. SF57-SF79
Author(s):  
Changgui Xu ◽  
Lu Huan ◽  
Song Zhangqiang ◽  
Jia Donghui
Keyword(s):  
Bohai Sea ◽  
Rift Basin ◽  
Third Order ◽  
Sequence Stratigraphic ◽  
The Bohai Sea ◽  
Stratigraphic Model ◽  
Architectural Patterns ◽  
Sequence Boundaries ◽  
Sea Area ◽  
System Tract

The Bohai Sea area is a complex lacustrine rift basin characterized by multistage rifts, polycycle superimpositions, and multiple genetic mechanisms. We recognized three types of sequence boundaries from the Paleogene strata of offshore Bohai, including 2 first-, 3 second-, and 10 third-order sequence boundaries. The third-order wedges, composed of the low-stand system tract (LST), lake expansion system tract (EST), and high-stand system tract (HST), are significant for hydrocarbon exploration. The sequence stratigraphic patterns vary in different periods. We discovered that the LST and EST are mainly developed in the rifting stage, whereas the HST is developed in the subsidence stage. Sequences developed in different depressions present significant variations, but the migration of the depocenter from the margin to the center during basin evolution can still be clearly recognized. Vertically, episodic tectonism plays an important role in controlling the formation of sequence boundaries, sequence structural features, and sequence architectural patterns. However, various rift basin marginal tectonics control the lateral sequence architectures. Because each structure belt is characterized by a unique sequence framework due to the strong influence of basin rifting processes, we establish a corresponding sequence stratigraphic model for the specific tectonic environment using process-based sequence stratigraphic methods.

Facies analysis and depositional environment of the Geli Khana Formation (Middle Triassic), Northern Iraq

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 4765-4777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Ismail Al-Juboury ◽  
Mohammed A. Al-Haj ◽  
Wrya Jihad Jabbar
Keyword(s):  
Depositional Environment ◽  
Middle Triassic ◽  
Facies Analysis ◽  
Northern Iraq

The Structural Characteristics and Distribution of Sand Body of the Layer 7 of YanChang Formation in Ordos Basin

2014 ◽  
Vol 628 ◽  
pp. 360-365
Author(s):  
Qi Qi Lv ◽  
Shun She Luo ◽  
Lin Jing Li ◽  
Rong Dai ◽  
Yu Dong Li
Keyword(s):  
Depositional Environment ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Ordos Basin ◽  
Sedimentary Facies ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Uniform Thickness ◽  
Yanchang Formation ◽  
Genetic Types ◽  
Sand Body ◽  
Pelvic Shape

The tight sand in the layer 7 of YanChang Formation, Ordos Basin major develops braided river delta and gravity flow deposits. In this paper, based on previous studies on lake pelvic shape, provenance and hydrodynamic, the sand body in the research area has been systematically studied through core observation, logging data, and sedimentary theory. Various genetic types of sedimentary sand body are developed in this area, mainly as delta deposition, sandy debris flow deposits, turbidites (classic turbidites). We can identify 6 kinds of sand vertical combination type, they are the superimposed sand body (A-type), thick and uniform thickness sand body (B type), thin and uniform thickness sand body (C-type), up thinning sand body (D-type), thickening up sand body (E-type) , thick and thin interbed sand body (F-type). The 6 types mainly controlled by sedimentary facies. The A-type sand body mainly developed in the delta depositional environment, the B type sand body is visible both in the delta and slope belt, while the D-type, E-type, F-type sand body are mainly developed in the deep lake. The distribution of sand body in the plane is zonal pattern.

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