scholarly journals Aplicación de apoyo para jóvenes universitarios con trastorno de ansiedad generalizada

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 4848-4854
Author(s):  
Blanca Leticia Guerra Morales ◽  
Mauricio Ricardo Melchor Andrade ◽  
Diego Ulises Martínez Aguilar ◽  
Octavio Salud Ortiz Ortiz
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Young People ◽  
Cell Phone ◽  
Cognitive Restructuring ◽  
Psychiatric Epidemiology ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Initial Test ◽  
Software Application ◽  
La Red ◽  
The Brain

RESUMEN Según datos de la última Encuesta Nacional de Epidemiología Psiquiátrica, la ansiedad afecta a 14.3% de la población (2018). El trastorno de ansiedad generalizada se desarrolla lentamente, y suele iniciar en la adolescencia o poco tiempo después de ésta. La finalidad del proyecto es proporcionar ayuda a jóvenes que sufren ataques de ansiedad y encontrar alguna alternativa para controlar dicho trastorno. El producto es una aplicación de software con diversos recursos, como lo son imágenes, videos y audios, que serán seleccionados de acuerdo a un test inicial con el que se pretende obtener una manera óptima de afrontar los ataques de ansiedad. Se busca que la aplicación sea accesible y esté siempre su material disponible en el celular (independientemente de si la persona tiene acceso a la red o no), el cual deberá contar con al menos Android 6. No se pretende reemplazar al especialista, sino acompañar a la persona en su proceso de reincorporación a una vida normal por medio de la reestructuración cognitiva, la cual se refiere al entrenamiento del cerebro para que aquello que hace que la ansiedad y sus molestos síntomas disminuya.   ABSTRACT According to data from the latest National Psychiatric Epidemiology Survey, anxiety affects 14.3% of the population (2018). Generalized anxiety disorder develops slowly, usually starting in adolescence or shortly after adolescence. The aim of the project is to provide help to young people suffering from anxiety attacks and to find some alternative to control such disorder. The product is a software application with various resources, such as images, videos and audios, which will be selected according to an initial test with which it is intended to obtain an optimal way to deal with anxiety attacks. The application is intended to be accessible and its material is always available on the cell phone (regardless of whether the person has access to the network or not), which must have at least Android 6. It is not intended to replace the specialist, but to accompany the person in the process of reincorporation to a normal life through cognitive restructuring, which refers to the training of the brain so that what makes anxiety and its annoying symptoms diminish.

scholarly journals Application of PET Imaging in the Brain Regions of the Emotional Control Loop in Patients with Generalized Anxiety Disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Jing Li ◽  
Wenjun Ouyang
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Pet Imaging ◽  
Uptake Rate ◽  
Emotional Control ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Control Loop ◽  
18F Fdg ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Uptake And Metabolism

Objective. This study uses PET imaging to observe the uptake and metabolism of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) in the multibrain areas of the emotional control loop in patients with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and investigate the brain of GAD patient’s functional abnormality mechanism. Methods. The thesis clinically collected 20 GAD patients and 20 healthy subjects. Dynamic PET-CT scans were used. At the same time, 18F-FDG whole-brain uptake and metabolism data were collected. Image fusion and semiquantitative analysis were used to measure emotional control loops. The maximum standard uptake value (SUVmax) and dynamic uptake and metabolic changes of 11 time points in the brain area at 150 min were measured. Results. Compared with the healthy control group, the peak uptake of the bilateral prefrontal cortex and the average uptake rate before the peak in GAD patients were significantly reduced ( P < 0.05 ), and the average metabolic rate after the peak was significantly increased ( P < 0.05 ). The peak uptake of the left striatum and the left hippocampus, the average uptake rate before the peak, and the average metabolic rate after the peak were all significantly reduced ( P < 0.05 ); There were no obvious changes in the three indexes of the right striatum and the right hippocampus. Conclusion. There are 18F-FDG uptake and metabolic disorders in multiple brain areas of the affective control loop of GAD patients. The abnormal peak and rate of uptake may be related to the pathogenesis of GAD.

The Effects of Worry and Relaxation on Flexibility During Cognitive Restructuring

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 838-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth S. Stevens ◽  
Alexander A. Jendrusina ◽  
Alison C. Legrand ◽  
Erica R. Nahin ◽  
Michelle Goldwin Kaufman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Therapy ◽  
Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Flexibility ◽  
Cognitive Restructuring ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Negative Valence ◽  
Abstract Level ◽  
Positive Valence

Worry is associated with inflexibility in cognitive, emotional, and physiological functioning. In addition, worry’s negative valence and abstract level of construal are rigid characteristics that contribute to its nonadaptive consequences. Relaxation and cognitive therapy aim to increase flexibility in chronic worriers, and may have greater efficacy when administered in combination. We examined the extent to which relaxation enhances and/or worry inhibits cognitive flexibility during a cognitive restructuring exercise in which participants generated alternative predictions for their worries. Participants ( n = 189) were randomly assigned to engage in relaxation, worry, or neutral thinking prior to cognitive restructuring. We measured the number and perceived likelihood of alternative predictions generated by participants, and coded those alternative predictions for their degree of positive valence, negative valence, and level of construal (abstractness to concreteness). Worry and relaxation did not lead to different numbers or perceived likelihood of alternative predictions. However, compared with participants with minimal symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), those with elevated symptoms of GAD who engaged in prior worry generated alternative predictions characterized by greater negative valence and more abstractness (i.e., less concreteness). We also found that greater negative valence of alternative predictions was associated with more abstractness, whereas greater positive valence of alternative predictions was associated with more concreteness. These findings suggest that after engaging in worry, individuals with GAD may be less able to flexibly shift from the use of nonadaptive characteristics (negative valence, abstractness) associated with feared outcomes to the use of more adaptive characteristics (positive valence, concreteness) when considering alternative predictions.

Abnormalities in gray and white matter volumes associated with explicit memory dysfunction in patients with generalized anxiety disorder

2016 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chung-Man Moon ◽  
Gwang-Woo Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Explicit Memory ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Structural Abnormality ◽  
Precentral Gyrus ◽  
Memory Dysfunction ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
The Brain

Background The neuroanatomical abnormalities associated with behavioral dysfunction on explicit memory in patients generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) have not yet been clearly identified. Purpose To investigate the regional gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) volume alterations over the whole brain in patients with GAD, as well as the correlation between the brain structural abnormality and explicit memory dysfunction. Material and Methods Twenty patients with GAD and 20 healthy controls matched for age, sex, and education level underwent high-resolution T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The participants performed the explicit memory tasks with the neutral and anxiety-inducing words. Results Patients with GAD showed significantly reduced GM volumes in the midbrain (MB), thalamus, hippocampus (Hip), insula, and superior temporal gyrus (STG); and reduced WM volumes in the MB, anterior limb of the internal capsule (ALIC), dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), and precentral gyrus (PrG). It is important to note that the GM volume of the Hip and the WM volume of the DLPFC were positively correlated with the recognition accuracy (%) in the explicit memory tasks with neutral and anxiety-inducing words, respectively. On the other hand, the WM volume of the PrG was negatively correlated with the reaction time in the same memory tasks. Conclusion This study demonstrated the regional volume changes on whole-brain GM and WM and the correlation between the brain structural alteration and explicit memory dysfunction in GAD patients. These findings would be helpful to understand the association between the brain structure abnormality and the functional deficit in the explicit memory in GAD.

Smartphone addiction and anxiety disorder among medical students in Sofia – a preliminary study

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Pravchanska ◽  
A Velkova ◽  
L Georgieva ◽  
E Georgieva ◽  
P Pesheva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Young People ◽  
Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Foreign Students ◽  
Smartphone Addiction ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Professional Help ◽  
Second Year

Abstract Background Digital addictions and their influence on mental health are being intensively studied nowadays but scientific data about Bulgaria is still scarce. The study is focused on the prevalence of nomophobia among medical students, its relationship with anxiety and motivation for seeking professional help. Methods The cross-sectional study included 369 medical students, age 19-34 (mean 23) years. We analyzed the whole group and subgroups of Bulgarian/foreign students and second-/sixth-year students. Data were collected by a self-administered questionnaire including smartphone addiction scale (SAS) with a 4-point Lickert scale, a 7-item generalized anxiety disorder scale and socio-demographic questions. Results The prevalence of mild smartphone addiction was 55% and of moderate one 30%. The dependency score was higher in the groups with a moderate and severe level of anxiety (P &lt; 0.001). There was no difference in dependency score by age and gender but it was higher among foreign students compared to Bulgarian students and lower in the sixth-year group compared to the second- year one. The anxiety score was higher in females compared to males and among second-year students compared to the sixth-year (P &lt; 0.001). Only 40% of males and 50% of females reported motivation to look for professional help. Conclusions The prevalence of smartphone addiction is high among both Bulgarian and foreign medical students. Our results reveal co-morbidity of smartphone addiction and generalized anxiety disorder. The low motivation to consult a specialist points out underestimation of the problem. Implementation of educational programmes, individual and group therapy can help young people to curb smartphone use. Key messages Smartphone addiction is related to increased anxiety level and affects adversely mental health. The establishment of a healthy relationship between young people and technologies has to be considered as part of health promotion.

Functional neuroanatomy associated with the interaction between emotion and cognition in explicit memory tasks in patients with generalized anxiety disorder

2016 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chung-Man Moon ◽  
Jong-Chul Yang ◽  
Gwang-Woo Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Explicit Memory ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Blood Oxygenation ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Precentral Gyrus ◽  
Functional Neuroanatomy ◽  
The Brain

Background The functional neuroanatomy for explicit memory in conjunction with the major anxiety symptoms in patients with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) has not yet been clearly identified. Purpose To investigate the brain activation patterns on the interaction between emotional and cognitive function during the explicit memory tasks, as well as its correlation with clinical characteristics in GAD. Material and Methods The participants comprised GAD patients and age-matched healthy controls. The fMR images were obtained while the participants performed an explicit memory task with neutral and anxiety-inducing words. Results Patients showed significantly decreased functional activities in the putamen, head of the caudate nucleus, hippocampus, and middle cingulate gyrus during the memory tasks with the neutral and anxiety-inducing words, whereas the precentral gyrus and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex were significantly increased only in the memory tasks with the anxiety-inducing words. Also, the blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signal changes in the hippocampus were positively correlated with the recognition accuracy for both neutral and anxiety-inducing words. Conclusion This study identified the brain areas associated with the interaction between emotional regulation and cognitive function in the explicit memory tasks in patients with GAD. These findings would be helpful to understand the neural mechanism on the explicit memory-related cognitive deficits and emotional dysfunction with GAD symptoms.

scholarly journals Cognitive-Behavioral Model of Generalized Anxiety Disorder Psychotherapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-135
Author(s):  
Lyubov Kuzo ◽  
Oleksandra Kuzo ◽  
Anzhela Posokhova
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Young People ◽  
Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Transformation ◽  
Behavioral Model ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral Model ◽  
High Level

Among the variations of anxiety disorders, generalized anxiety disorder is considered to be one of the most problematic. In times of intense social transformation, the issue of mental health of the youth, in particular the prevalence of tendencies to generalized anxiety disorder among young people arises. For this reason, the purpose of the article is to investigate the propensity of young students to excessive experiences and propose a model of understanding and treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Cognitive-behavioral methodology is used while the study for understanding generalized anxiety disorder, PSWQ experience questionnaire, WWS-II experience value scale, and two survey items. The results of the study show that 18% of the youth surveyed have a high level of anxiety. Such young people can be considered a risk group for generalized anxiety disorder. The results of the study indicate that respondents with a high level of worry are statistically more likely to perceive worries as those helping them to solve problems, motivate them to act and are able to prevent negative results. Such positive beliefs about the experience may reduce the perceived need to seek help from psychologists and psychotherapists. A description of the clinical case is given and the effectiveness of psychotherapeutic interventions is demonstrated. An algorithm for working with clients is proposed, which is based on a modern protocol for the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. It includes: qualified examination; reassessment of the usefulness of the worry; assistance in a realistic understanding of ambiguous situations as such that are not clearly threatening; rethinking attitudes to situations of uncertainty; use of exposures for the purpose of deeper processing of the stimulus in a nonverbal way; skills of overcoming negative emotions without avoiding them. An attempt to combine the clinical paradigm and the scientific position is made in the article. Nowadays there are very few studies based on cognitive-behavioral methodology in Ukraine.

scholarly journals Neuroinflammation-Associated Alterations of the Brain as Potential Neural Biomarkers in Anxiety Disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (18) ◽  
pp. 6546
Author(s):  
Eunsoo Won ◽  
Yong-Ku Kim
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Limbic Structures ◽  
Neurobiological Substrates ◽  
The Brain

Stress-induced changes in the immune system, which lead to neuroinflammation and consequent brain alterations, have been suggested as possible neurobiological substrates of anxiety disorders, with previous literature predominantly focusing on panic disorder, agoraphobia, and generalized anxiety disorder, among the anxiety disorders. Anxiety disorders have frequently been associated with chronic stress, with chronically stressful situations being reported to precipitate the onset of anxiety disorders. Also, chronic stress has been reported to lead to hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and autonomic nervous system disruption, which may in turn induce systemic proinflammatory conditions. Preliminary evidence suggests anxiety disorders are also associated with increased inflammation. Systemic inflammation can access the brain, and enhance pro-inflammatory cytokine levels that have been shown to precipitate direct and indirect neurotoxic effects. Prefrontal and limbic structures are widely reported to be influenced by neuroinflammatory conditions. In concordance with these findings, various imaging studies on panic disorder, agoraphobia, and generalized anxiety disorder have reported alterations in structure, function, and connectivity of prefrontal and limbic structures. Further research is needed on the use of inflammatory markers and brain imaging in the early diagnosis of anxiety disorders, along with the possible efficacy of anti-inflammatory interventions on the prevention and treatment of anxiety disorders.

The French Version of the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS) in a Nonclinical Sample

2015 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 119-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martine Bouvard ◽  
Anne Denis ◽  
Jean-Luc Roulin
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Child Anxiety ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
French Version ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

This article investigates the psychometric properties of the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS). A group of 704 adolescents completed the questionnaires in their classrooms. This study examines potential confirmatory factor analysis factor models of the RCADS as well as the relationships between the RCADS and the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders-Revised (SCARED-R). A subsample of 595 adolescents also completed an anxiety questionnaire (Fear Survey Schedule for Children-Revised, FSSC-R) and a depression questionnaire (Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, CES-D). Confirmatory factor analysis of the RCADS suggests that the 6-factor model reasonably fits the data. All subscales were positively intercorrelated, with rs varying between .48 (generalized anxiety disorder-major depression disorder) and .65 (generalized anxiety disorder-social phobia/obsessive-compulsive disorder). The RCADS total score and all the RCADS scales were found to have good internal consistency (> .70). The correlations between the RCADS subscales and their SCARED-R counterparts are generally substantial. Convergent validity was found with the FSSC-R and the CES-D. The study included normal adolescents aged 10 to 19. Therefore, the findings cannot be extended to children under 10, nor to a clinical population. Altogether, the French version of the RCADS showed reasonable psychometric properties.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document