CHARACTERIZATION OF AIRBORNE PARTICULATE MATTER TO ASSESS THE IMPACT ON DEGRADATION OF CULTURAL HERITAGE: THE TROPAEUM TRAIANI MONUMENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 807-818
Author(s):  
CRISTIANA RADULESCU ◽  
RODICA MARIANA ION ◽  
CLAUDIA STIHI ◽  
IOANA DANIELA DULAMA ◽  
CRISTINA MIHAELA NICOLESCU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Airborne Particulate Matter ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Physicochemical Analysis ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Matrix Assessment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Closed Environment

The present paper is focused on the microclimatic investigation and weather-climatic phenomena matrix assessment, which can be generated for heritage objectives at different spatial and temporal resolutions, correlated with physicochemical analysis of the particulate matter (PM2.5-10). In the literature the importance of atmospheric PM monitoring in the proximity of monuments is not yet sufficiently highlighted. In this respect, the microclimatic investigation of the Tropaeum Traiani Monument (Adamclisi, Romania) was performed to assess the suitability of a closed environment, located outdoors, according to the conservation requirements of heritage materials. The monitoring campaigns (four seasons, e.g., from summer of the year 2018 to spring of the year 2019) were carried out by non-invasive measuring equipment. The collected data were used to investigate the hygrothermal and chemical behavior inside and outside of Tropaeum Traiani Monument, built in 109, to assess the risks on the oldest structural material. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed by IBM SPSS Statistics software to assess the similarities between the microclimatic parameters.

scholarly journals The Impact of Bushfire Smoke on Cattle—A Review

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 848
Author(s):  
Benjamin Eid ◽  
David Beggs ◽  
Peter Mansell
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Airborne Particulate Matter ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Airborne Particulate ◽  
Primary Mechanism ◽  
Background Mortality ◽  
Fire Front ◽  
The Impact

In 2019–2020, a particularly bad bushfire season in Australia resulted in cattle being exposed to prolonged periods of smoke haze and reduced air quality. Bushfire smoke contains many harmful pollutants, and impacts on regions far from the fire front, with smoke haze persisting for weeks. Particulate matter (PM) is one of the major components of bushfire smoke known to have a negative impact on human health. However, little has been reported about the potential effects that bushfire smoke has on cattle exposed to smoke haze for extended periods. We explored the current literature to investigate evidence for likely effects on cattle from prolonged exposure to smoke generated from bushfires in Australia. We conducted a search for papers related to the impacts of smoke on cattle. Initial searching returned no relevant articles through either CAB Direct or PubMed databases, whilst Google Scholar provided a small number of results. The search was then expanded to look at two sub-questions: the type of pollution that is found in bushfire smoke, and the reported effects of both humans and cattle being exposed to these types of pollutants. The primary mechanism for damage due to bushfire smoke is due to small airborne particulate matter (PM). Although evidence demonstrates that PM from bushfire smoke has a measurable impact on both human mortality and cardiorespiratory morbidities, there is little evidence regarding the impact of chronic bushfire smoke exposure in cattle. We hypothesize that cattle are not severely affected by chronic exposure to smoke haze, as evidenced by the lack of reports. This may be because cattle do not tend to suffer from the co-morbidities that, in the human population, seem to be made worse by smoke and pollution. Further, small changes to background mortality rates or transient morbidity may also go unreported.

scholarly journals Toxic Organic Contaminants in Airborne Particles: Levels, Potential Sources and Risk Assessment

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 4352
Author(s):  
Donatella Pomata ◽  
Patrizia Di Filippo ◽  
Carmela Riccardi ◽  
Federica Castellani ◽  
Giulia Simonetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Airborne Particulate Matter ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Cardiovascular Effects ◽  
Atmospheric Particulate Matter ◽  
Emission Source ◽  
Size Fractions

In the last years, many studies have focused on risk assessment of exposure of workers to airborne particulate matter (PM). Several studies indicate a strong correlation between PM and adverse health outcomes, as a function of particle size. In the last years, the study of atmospheric particulate matter has focused more on particles less than 10 μm or 2.5 μm in diameter; however, recent studies identify in particles less than 0.1 μm the main responsibility for negative cardiovascular effects. The present paper deals with the determination of 66 organic compounds belonging to six different classes of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the ultrafine, fine and coarse fractions of PM (PM < 0.1 µm; 0.1 < PM < 2.5 µm and 2.5 < PM < 10 µm) collected in three outdoor workplaces and in an urban outdoor area. Data obtained were analyzed with principal component analysis (PCA), in order to underline possible correlation between sites and classes of pollutants and characteristic emission sources. Emission source studies are, in fact, a valuable tool for both identifying the type of emission source and estimating the strength of each contamination source, as useful indicator of environment healthiness. Moreover, both carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks were determined in order to estimate human health risk associated to study sites. Risk analysis was carried out evaluating the contribution of pollutant distribution in PM size fractions for all the sites. The results highlighted significant differences between the sites and specific sources of pollutants related to work activities were identified. In all the sites and for all the size fractions of PM both carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk values were below acceptable and safe levels of risks recommended by the regulatory agencies.

scholarly journals A Preliminary Assessment of the Impacts of Multiple Temporal-scale Variations in Particulate Matter on its Source Apportionment

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xing Peng ◽  
Jian Gao ◽  
Guoliang Shi ◽  
Xurong Shi ◽  
Yanqi Huangfu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Source Apportionment ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Temporal Scale ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Total Variance ◽  
Secondary Source ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Time series of pollutant concentrations consist of variations at different time scales that are attributable to many processes/sources (data noise, source intensities, meteorological conditions, climate, etc.). Improving the knowledge of the impact of multiple temporal-scale components on pollutant variations and pollution levels can provide useful information for suitable mitigation strategies for pollutant control during a high pollution episode. To investigate the source factors driving these variations, the Kolmogorov-Zurbenko (KZ) filter was used to decompose the time series of PM2.5 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm) and chemical species into intra-day, diurnal, synoptic, and baseline temporal-scale components (TS components). The synoptic TS component has the largest amplitude and relative contributions (about 50 %) to the total variance of SO42−, NH4+, and OC concentrations. The diurnal TS component has the largest relative contributions to the total variance of PM2.5, NO3−, EC, Ca, and Fe concentrations, ranging from 32 % to 47 %. To investigate the source impacts on PM2.5 from different TS components, four datasets RI (intra-day removed), RD (diurnal removed), RS (synoptic removed), and RBL (baseline removed) were created by respectively removing the intra-day, diurnal, synoptic, and baseline TS component from the original datasets. Multilinear Engine 2 (ME-2) and/or principal component analysis was applied to these four datasets as well as the original datasets for source apportionment. ME-2 solutions using the original and RI dataset identify crustal dust contributions. For the solutions from original, RI, RD, and RS datasets, the total primary source impacts are close, ranging from 35.1 to 40.4 μg m−3 during the entire sampling period. For the secondary source impacts, solutions from the original, RI and RD dataset give similar source impacts (about 30 μg m−3), which were higher than the impacts derived from the RS datasets (21.2 μg m−3).

scholarly journals Characterization of airborne particulate matter in an industrial district near Florence by PIXE and PESA

2005 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Chiari ◽  
F. Lucarelli ◽  
F. Mazzei ◽  
S. Nava ◽  
L. Paperetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Airborne Particulate Matter ◽  
Industrial District ◽  
Airborne Particulate
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