Pharmacological treatment of canine epilepsy – review

2021 ◽  
Vol XXVI (150) ◽  
pp. 56-74
Author(s):  
Maria Paula R. C. Coelho ◽  
Eliane Gonçalves de Melo ◽  
Talita Lopes Serra ◽  
Andrine Cristiane S. Souza
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Evaluation ◽  
Pharmacological Treatment ◽  
Potassium Bromide ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Episodic Events

Epilepsy is relatively common in dogs and is characterized by recurring seizures. In order to treat such cases effectively, the veterinarian must first clarify the etiology of the reported episodic events, investigate the cause of the seizures, carry out a detailed clinical evaluation of the patient from the start of the treatment, decide on the drug to be used, monitor the patient appropriately, and ensure that the dog’s owners understand and collaborate with the treatment. Reasons for treatment failures include the prescription of drugs unsuitable for use in dogs or the use of low doses. This article reviews factors related to the use of phenobarbital, potassium bromide and levetiracetam – drugs available in Brazil for which there is stronger evidence of safety and effectiveness in the treatment of canine epilepsy.

Antidepressant prescribing prior to suicide: role of doctors

1996 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 282-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harm Boer ◽  
Nick Booth ◽  
David Russell ◽  
Roy Powell ◽  
Martin Briscoe
Keyword(s):  
General Practitioner ◽  
General Practitioners ◽  
Pharmacological Treatment ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
British Government ◽  
Treatment Of Depression

The pharmacological treatment of depression and the time elapsed since last seen by a doctor were investigated among 507 adults who subsequently killed themselves. The proportion of people consulting a general practitioner or psychiatrist prior to suicide was lower than reported by the British government in the Health of the Nation document. General practitioners prescribed relatively low doses of antidepressants. Nineteen out of the 115 people receiving antidepressants used the drugs to kill themselves. Our findings emphasise the importance of prescribing adequate doses of antidepressants and underline the need for safer prescribing.

scholarly journals Clinical evaluation of a nutraceutical diet as an adjuvant to pharmacological treatment in dogs affected by Keratoconjunctivitis sicca

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Destefanis ◽  
Daniela Giretto ◽  
Maria Cristina Muscolo ◽  
Alessandro Di Cerbo ◽  
Gianandrea Guidetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Evaluation ◽  
Pharmacological Treatment ◽  
Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca

scholarly journals Erratum to: Clinical evaluation of a nutraceutical diet as an adjuvant to pharmacological treatment in dogs affected by Keratoconjunctivitis sicca

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Destefanis ◽  
Daniela Giretto ◽  
Maria Cristina Muscolo ◽  
Alessandro Di Cerbo ◽  
Gianandrea Guidetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Evaluation ◽  
Pharmacological Treatment ◽  
Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca

Treating Prodromal Psychosis in Slovenia

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
M. Blinc ◽  
B. Novak ◽  
B. Avgustin ◽  
M. Agius
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Group Psychotherapy ◽  
Clinical Evaluation ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Psychotic Illness ◽  
Readmission Rates ◽  
Prodromal Phase ◽  
At Risk Mental State

This presentation describes an ongoing program in Ljubljana.The program originated with one psychiatrist [MB] who began to offer treatment with antipsychotics- typicals with the earliest patients, and later atypicals, in particular olanzapine, in very low doses [e.g.2.5 mg olanzapine], often combined with group psychotherapy, in patients considered to be at the initial [prodromal or ‘at risk mental state’] phase of developing a psychotic illness. Often, where indicated, antidepressants and occasionally anxiolytics were also added to the treatment. Thus this program differed substantially from other well known studies of treatment in the prodrome [e.g. Melbourne and Yale], and developed independently of them.It has been shown by repeated clinical evaluation of the patients that these patients were indeed originally in the prodromal phase of psychotic illness.Many patients have now been followed over several years as they developed into full first episodes of psychosis and for some years later.The presentation will describe the process of how the patients were treated, and how their illness developed.The presentation will describe results, of a study comparing outcomes of treatment in the prodrome by this method, with treatment of patients who presented with psychotic illness in the usual way, with long DUP. This shows long term advantages in terms of severity of symptoms, reduced relapse and readmission rates, better employment results, and improved relationships among the patients treated in the prodrome.

scholarly journals The role of serendipity in drug discovery

2006 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-344 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Psychotropic Drugs ◽  
Pharmacological Treatment ◽  
Chloral Hydrate ◽  
Potassium Bromide ◽  
Lysergic Acid ◽  
Lysergic Acid Diethylamide ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
The Many

Serendipity is one of the many factors that may contribute to drug discovery. It has played a role in the discovery of prototype psychotropic drugs that led to modern pharmacological treatment in psychiatry. It has also played a role in the discovery of several drugs that have had an impact on the development of psychiatry. "Serendipity" in drug discovery implies the finding of one thing while looking for something else. This was the case in six of the twelve serendipitous discoveries reviewed in this paper, i.e., aniline purple, penicillin, lysergic acid diethylamide, meprobamate, chlorpromazine, and imipramine. In the case of three drugs, i.e., potassium bromide, chloral hydrate, and lithium, the discovery was serendipitous because an utterly false rationale led to correct empirical results; and in case of two others, i.e., iproniazid and sildenafil, because valuable indications were found for these drugs which were not initially those sought The discovery of one of the twelve drugs, chlordiazepoxide, was sheer luck.

The Response of Testes Cells to Low Level, Single dose Helium Particle Irradiation

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 252-253
Author(s):  
D.E. Philpott ◽  
W. Sapp ◽  
C. Williams ◽  
J. Stevenson ◽  
S. Black ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Cell Survival ◽  
Spermatogonial Stem Cell ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Particle Irradiation ◽  
Stem Cell Survival ◽  
Irradiation Injury ◽  
Radio Sensitivity

Spermatogonial stem-cell survival after irradiation injury has been studied in rodents by histological counts of surviving cells. Many studies, including previous work from our laboratory, show that the spermatogonial population demonstrates a heterogeneous response to irradiation. The spermatogonia increase in radio-sensitivity as differentiation proceeds through the sequence As - Apr - A1 - A2 - A3 - A4 - In - B. The stem (As) cell is the most resistant and the B cell is the most sensitive. The purpose of this work is to investigate the response of spermatogonial cell to low doses (less than 10 0 rads) of helium particle irradiation.

Potentiation of bromotrichloromethane hepatotoxicity in male rats exposed to 10 ppm dietary chlordecone: Electron Microscopic and biochemical study

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 284-285
Author(s):  
O. M. Faroon ◽  
R. W. Henry ◽  
M. G. Soni ◽  
H. M. Mehendale
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Biochemical Study ◽  
Prior Exposure ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Cellular Injury ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Mixed Function Oxidase ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Potent Inducer ◽  
Cellular Energy

Previous work has shown that mirex undergoes photolytic dechlorination to chlordecone (CD) (KeponeR) in the environment. Much work has shown that prior exposure to nontoxic levels of CD causes potentiation of hepatotoxicity and lethality of CCl4, BrCCl3 and other halomethane compounds. Potentiation of bromotrichloromethane hepatotoxicity has been associated with compounds that stimulate the activity of hepatic mixed-function oxidase (MFO). An increase in the metabolism of halomethane by the MFO to a free radical initiates peroxidative decomposition of membranal lipids ending in massive cellular injury. However, not all MFO inducers potentiate BrCCl3 hepatotoxicity. Potentiation by much larger doses of phenobarbital is minimal and th at by a more potent inducer of MFO, mirex, is negligible at low doses. We suggest that the CD and bromotrichloromethane interaction results in a depletion of cellular energy and thereby reducing the cellular ability to undergo mitosis.

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