scholarly journals Forensic Toxicology and Poisoning

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Sinisa Franjic ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Forensic Toxicology ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Scientific Discipline ◽  
Fatal Poisoning ◽  
Forensic Practice ◽  
Forensic Investigations ◽  
Harmful Effects

Forensic toxicology is a scientific discipline which studies the medical and legal aspects of the harmful effects of a substance on organisms, and by chemical and analytical methods helps to establish facts in forensic investigations. Forensic practice is particularly significant for fatal poisoning, as well as those that may be related to the commission of criminal acts.

scholarly journals Human Poisoning from Poisonous Higher Fungi: Focus on Analytical Toxicology and Case Reports in Forensic Toxicology

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 454
Author(s):  
Estelle Flament ◽  
Jérôme Guitton ◽  
Jean-Michel Gaulier ◽  
Yvan Gaillard
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Forensic Toxicology ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Ibotenic Acid ◽  
Biological Matrices ◽  
Analytical Toxicology ◽  
Fatal Poisoning ◽  
Toxicological Analysis ◽  
Chemical Structures

Several families of higher fungi contain mycotoxins that cause serious or even fatal poisoning when consumed by humans. The aim of this review is to inventory, from an analytical point of view, poisoning cases linked with certain significantly toxic mycotoxins: orellanine, α- and β-amanitin, muscarine, ibotenic acid and muscimol, and gyromitrin. Clinicians are calling for the cases to be documented by toxicological analysis. This document is therefore a review of poisoning cases involving these mycotoxins reported in the literature and carries out an inventory of the analytical techniques available for their identification and quantification. It seems indeed that these poisonings are only rarely documented by toxicological analysis, due mainly to a lack of analytical methods in biological matrices. There are many reasons for this issue: the numerous varieties of mushroom involved, mycotoxins with different chemical structures, a lack of knowledge about distribution and metabolism. To sum up, we are faced with (i) obstacles to the documentation and interpretation of fatal (or non-fatal) poisoning cases and (ii) a real need for analytical methods of identifying and quantifying these mycotoxins (and their metabolites) in biological matrices.

Waste Disposal or Recycling: Changes in Waste Management in Russia and its Regions

Vestnik NSUEM ◽  
2022 ◽  
pp. 46-54
Author(s):  
G. P. Litvintseva ◽  
E. S. Oshmarina
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Waste Disposal ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Regional Differentiation ◽  
Fixed Assets ◽  
Its Regions ◽  
Harmful Effects ◽  
Regions Of Russia

The article examines the theoretical and legal aspects of waste management, describes the state of the waste management sector in Russia and the problems associated with it. On the basis of cluster analysis, regional differentiation in the considered sphere is determined. The efficiency of waste management in terms of current costs and investments in fixed assets, aimed at preventing the harmful effects of waste, for the national economy and at the level of the regions of Russia is assessed. The directions of improving of waste management sphere in Russia are formulated.

Ethical and Legal Aspects of Using an Identical Twin as a Skin Transplant Donor for a Severely Burned Minor

2005 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel J. Tilden
Keyword(s):  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Identical Twin ◽  
Parental Consent ◽  
Jefferson County ◽  
Newspaper Article ◽  
Acute Postoperative Pain ◽  
Twin Sister ◽  
Psychological Dysfunction ◽  
Harmful Effects

On January 7, 2003, Sydney Cowan, a healthy six-year-old girl, underwent skin harvesting, specifically to be used for her badly burned identical twin sister, Jennifer. A day earlier, the Probate Court of Jefferson County, Alabama, after considering whether a healthy minor twin sibling could serve as a skin donor for her severely burned sister, authorized parental consent to the surgery. More accurately, the court addressed whether Sydney could undergo surgical procedures that provided her with no physical benefit, but, rather, resulted in harmful effects, such as acute postoperative pain, permanent residua, and potential long-term emotional and psychological dysfunction.Although the transplants were extraordinarily successful, and the newspaper article depicted Sydney's participation in heroic terms, the harvesting of Sydney's skin was ethically problematic. Specifically, I assert that the use of an incompetent minor as a skin transplant donor, even if an identical twin, is not justified unless the transplant will save the recipient's life.

scholarly journals Pharmacogenetics and Forensic Toxicology: A New Step towards a Multidisciplinary Approach

Toxics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 292
Author(s):  
Nunzio Di Nunno ◽  
Massimiliano Esposito ◽  
Antonina Argo ◽  
Monica Salerno ◽  
Francesco Sessa
Keyword(s):  
Drugs Of Abuse ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Forensic Toxicology ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Pharmacogenetic Study ◽  
Forensic Practice ◽  
Toxicological Data ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Overdose Deaths

Pharmacogenetics analyzes the individual behavior of DNA genes after the administration of a drug. Pharmacogenetic research has been implemented in recent years thanks to the improvement in genome sequencing techniques and molecular genetics. In addition to medical purposes, pharmacogenetics can constitute an important tool for clarifying the interpretation of toxicological data in post-mortem examinations, sometimes crucial for determining the cause and modality of death. The purpose of this systematic literature review is not only to raise awareness among the forensic community concerning pharmacogenetics, but also to provide a workflow for forensic toxicologists to follow in cases of unknown causes of death related to drug use/abuse. The scientific community is called on to work hard in order to supply evidence in forensic practice, demonstrating that this investigation could become an essential tool both in civil and forensic contexts. The following keywords were used for the search engine: (pharmacogenetics) AND (forensic toxicology); (pharmacogenetics) AND (post-mortem); (pharmacogenetics) AND (forensic science); and (pharmacogenetics) AND (autopsy). A total of 125 articles were collected. Of these, 29 articles were included in this systematic review. A total of 75% of the included studies were original articles (n = 21) and 25% were case reports (n = 7). A total of 78% (n = 22) of the studies involved deceased people for whom a complete autopsy was performed, while 22% (n = 6) involved people in good health who were given a drug with a subsequent pharmacogenetic study. The most studied drugs were opioids (codeine, morphine, and methadone), followed by antidepressants (tricyclic antidepressants and venlafaxine). Furthermore, all studies highlighted the importance of a pharmacogenetics study in drug-related deaths, especially in cases of non-overdose of drugs of abuse. This study highlights the importance of forensic pharmacogenetics, a field of toxicology still not fully understood, which is of great help in cases of sudden death, deaths from overdose, deaths after the administration of a drug, and also in cases of complaint of medical malpractice.

Role of Forensics in the Cases of Criminal Poisoning

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
Siniša Franjić
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Forensic Toxicology ◽  
Scientific Discipline ◽  
Criminal Investigation

Forensics is a scientific discipline which deals with evidencing of criminal acts, and consists of a series of sub disciplines. One of them is forensic toxicology whose task is to detect the existence of poisons in the human body and existence of poisons in all areas where they should not be. Although rarely happens, the criminal act of Poisoning has to be investigated in accordance with the rules of criminal investigation and, due to the established facts, to raise the indictment and punish the perpetrator.

The legal aspects of corporate computer forensic investigations

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 562-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Taylor ◽  
John Haggerty ◽  
David Gresty
Keyword(s):  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Forensic Investigations ◽  
Computer Forensic

scholarly journals The Making of Evident Expertise: Transforming Chemical Analytical Methods into Judicial Evidence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus B. Carrier
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Forensic Toxicology ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Forensic Expertise ◽  
Visual Aid ◽  
History Of ◽  
Actual Material ◽  
Chemical Knowledge ◽  
Explicit Comparison

AbstractThis article investigates the question of how forensic toxicologists established the credibility of chemical analytical methods in poisoning lawsuits in the nineteenth century. After encountering the problem of laypersons in court, forensic toxicologists attempted to find strategies to make their evidence compelling to an untrained audience. Three of these strategies are discussed here: redundancy, standard methods, and intuitive comprehensibility. Whereas redundancy was not very practical and legally prescribed standard methods were not very popular with most forensic toxicologists, intuitive comprehensibility proved effective and popular. This strategy relied on employing methods which did not require chemical knowledge to be understandable. The methods aimed to generate a visual aid and to be obvious in their results. Two forms of this strategy are discussed here: the presentation of the actual material and explicit comparison. I argue that this shift towards presenting forensic toxicology expertise as evident represents an important step in the history of forensic expertise.

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