Tri zrnca – Iz mozaika Jovana Radulovića o udesu kulturnog identiteta dalmatinskih Srba

The paper deals with national-oriented works of Jovan Radulović from the end of the 1980s and the beginning of the 1990s, based on his book dedicated to the life of Dalmatian Serbs. The first part of the paper refers to Radulović’s biographical-anthropo- logical essays on three Serbian writers from Dalmatia, as well as to his documentary prose; the analysis of Radulović’s critical views on the actual life of Serbian people in Croatia is based on a series of his interviews and polemics. The following section of the paper deals with the last part of Radulović’s book, enti- tled “The Grains (1984‒1989)”, consisting of about fifteen public speeches and newspaper articles related to the cultural assimilation of the Serbs in Croatia. Special attention is paid to the three grains, i.e. two public speeches and one newspaper article. In the first speech, Radulović documents national and cultural discrimination against Serbs in the communist Croatia, whose position is much worse than in Austria-Hungary at the beginning of the XX century. In the second speech, Radulović optimistically presents a short version of the history of defence of spiritual and national identity of the Serbs in Dalmatia. Finally, the third grain is the article in which Radulović expresses his fears about the fate of the Serbian Autonomous Province of Krayina, whose political status was determined far away from it and from the broken Yugoslavia, and he pleads for the absolute unity of the Serbian people and the leadership of the newly formed autonomous province in Croatia. On the basis of Radulović’s political views, it can be concluded that in spite of the defeat and the mass exodus, Serbs from Croatia should not give up the idea of returning to their homeland.

Contextual Image Illustrator: A Review

Any story or any other literary content is best understood and advertised with the help of pictures. Images are used to arouse reader’s interest and comprehension in the content. The contextual image illustrator will take any content description and will output the ranked images related to that content. The text can be any blog, newspaper article, any story or any other content. The image retrieval process that has been used for this purpose is Text based Image Retrieval, i.e., TBIR. Semantic keywords are extricated from the story; images are looked through an annotated database. Thereafter, an image ranking scheme will determine the relevance of each image. Then the user can choose among the images displayed. A score along with each image will also be displayed representing its relevance to the query. The keywords stemming and stop word removal has been explained in the document. Also, the algorithm that has been designed to determine the score and hence the image’s significance has been calculated. Testing consisting of both unit testing and module testing of the project are explained. Keywords: Keyword Extraction, Image Search, Stemming, Stop word Removal, URL Score, URL Ranking

The Sentiment is in the Details: A Language-agnostic Approach to Sentence-level Sentiment Analysis in News Media

Determining the sentiment in the individual sentences of a newspaper article in an automated fashion is a major challenge. Manually created sentiment dictionaries often fail to meet the required standards. And while computer-generated dictionaries show promise, they are often limited by the availability of suitable linguistic resources. I propose and test a novel, language-agnostic and resource-efficient way of constructing sentiment dictionaries, based on word embedding models. The dictionaries are constructed and evaluated based on four corpora containing two decades of Danish, Dutch (Flanders and the Netherlands), English, and Norwegian newspaper articles, which are cleaned and parsed using Natural Language Processing. Concurrent validity is evaluated using a dataset of human-coded newspaper sentences, and compared to the performance of Polyglot dictionaries. Predictive validity is tested through two long-standing hypotheses on the negativity bias in political news. Results show that both the concurrent validity and predictive validity is good. The dictionaries outperform their Polyglot counterparts, and are able to detect a negativity bias, which is stronger for tabloids. The method is resource-efficient in terms of manual labor when compared to manually constructed dictionaries, and requires a limited amount of computational power.

Historiography of life and creative path of the devotee of the Crimean Tatar literature and enlightenment Y. N. Baiburtlu

This article gives a brief overview of the life and creative heritage of the figure of Crimean Tatar literature and enlightenment of the early XX century Yahya-Naji Bayburtlu (1876-1943). The author introduces into the scientific discourse the poorly studied biographical and bibliographic archival materials, which include the prewar literary and historiographical texts transliterated from the Arabic script to the Roman script. The article also employs the reminiscences of the relatives and contemporaries of Y. N. Baiburtlu that have been published in modern national press and give a better perspective of the creative path and environment of Y. N. Baiburtlu: the newspaper article of the writer's daughter Niyara Baiburtlu, autobiographical texts of the prominent Crimean Tatar publicistic writer Shamil Alyadinov. The methodological framework is comprised of the biographical, comparative-typological, and meta-critical analysis. The theoretical framework is based on the works of Arslan Krichinsky, Cemil Kermenchikli, Ismail Kerimov, Dmitry Ursu, Natalia Yablonovskaya, Mukhiddin Khairuddinov, Enisa Abibullayeva. Therefore, the overview of the life and literary-enlightenment activity of Y. N. Baiburtlu reveals his creative personality, outlines the prospects for the aspectual research of his biography as a writer and playwright, translator of literary works, public figure, and enlightener of his time. The author believes that the examination of the versatile literary-pedagogical heritage may significantly enrich the scientific representations of the traditions, factors of development and formation of the Crimean Tatar literary elite of the prewar period in Crimea.

(Mis)perception of bias in print media: How depth of content evaluation affects the perception of hostile bias in an objective news report

The hostile media effect describes the tendency for partisans to evaluate media content as relatively biased against their positions. The present study investigates what specific contextual elements of a news report contribute to this effect and how it may be mitigated by the depth of content evaluation. A online study of 102 participants revealed that less bias is perceived in a newspaper article when evaluating specific aspects of the article with the text available for reference than when evaluating the overall bias without referring to the text. Moreover, being asked to consider overall article bias increased subsequent ratings of bias in the discrete elements of the text. These results suggest that the perception of media bias may be counteracted by encouraging deep, evidence-based considerations of where the alleged bias might lie, but only if this happens before the reader has the chance to form an opinion based on a cursory assessment.

Is an alibi a paper shield? An investigation of the factors that influence alibi credibility judgments

Alibis are a potentially powerful piece of evidence for innocence, but examination of criminal cases suggests that honestly offered alibis may fail to prevent wrongful convictions. Currently, little is known regarding how evaluators judge the credibility of alibis. Three studies investigated the effect of alibi moral desirability, suspect race (White/Indigenous Canadian), alibi evidence strength, and Authoritarianism on participants’ legal judgments. Participants read a fictitious police file (Experiment 1: N = 300; Experiment 2: N = 286) or newspaper article (Experiment 3: N =235) and rated a male suspect’s/defendant’s statement honesty, alibi accuracy, and the likelihood of his guilt, among other dependent measures, then completed the Authoritarianism-Conservatism-Traditionalism scale (ACT; Duckitt et al., 2010) and, in Experiment 3, the Revised Religious Life Inventory (Hills et al., 2005). In Experiments 1 and 2, participants were asked to sign a petition supporting the suspect. Results indicated that providing an alibi can be beneficial or detrimental to the suspect, depending on contextual factors and the narrative itself. In Experiments 1 and 2, alibi moral desirability affected participants’ responses, though different patterns emerged at Ryerson and at Iowa State, and moral desirability influenced judgments primarily for the Indigenous suspect. Consistent with Olson and Wells’ (2004) taxonomy, Experiment 1 showed that the strength of the physical evidence supporting an alibi is a primary determinant of judgments of its credibility. In Experiment 3, participants provided less favourable ratings for the Indigenous defendant than the White defendant, particularly when they already had more negative general feelings about Indigenous people, though this was not found in Experiment 2. More participants signed the petition when the alibi was morally desirable at Iowa State, and for the Indigenous suspect. Across all studies, higher scores on the ACT’s Authoritarianism subscale were associated with responses that were less favourable for the suspect/defendant, and many participants did not accurately define the term “alibi.” Understanding the complexities of decision-making in this context will help us better understand why some (honest) alibis are rejected, and how stereotypes and assumptions regarding the alibi provider may lead to bias in the investigation and adjudication of criminal cases.

Is an alibi a paper shield? An investigation of the factors that influence alibi credibility judgments

Alibis are a potentially powerful piece of evidence for innocence, but examination of criminal cases suggests that honestly offered alibis may fail to prevent wrongful convictions. Currently, little is known regarding how evaluators judge the credibility of alibis. Three studies investigated the effect of alibi moral desirability, suspect race (White/Indigenous Canadian), alibi evidence strength, and Authoritarianism on participants’ legal judgments. Participants read a fictitious police file (Experiment 1: N = 300; Experiment 2: N = 286) or newspaper article (Experiment 3: N =235) and rated a male suspect’s/defendant’s statement honesty, alibi accuracy, and the likelihood of his guilt, among other dependent measures, then completed the Authoritarianism-Conservatism-Traditionalism scale (ACT; Duckitt et al., 2010) and, in Experiment 3, the Revised Religious Life Inventory (Hills et al., 2005). In Experiments 1 and 2, participants were asked to sign a petition supporting the suspect. Results indicated that providing an alibi can be beneficial or detrimental to the suspect, depending on contextual factors and the narrative itself. In Experiments 1 and 2, alibi moral desirability affected participants’ responses, though different patterns emerged at Ryerson and at Iowa State, and moral desirability influenced judgments primarily for the Indigenous suspect. Consistent with Olson and Wells’ (2004) taxonomy, Experiment 1 showed that the strength of the physical evidence supporting an alibi is a primary determinant of judgments of its credibility. In Experiment 3, participants provided less favourable ratings for the Indigenous defendant than the White defendant, particularly when they already had more negative general feelings about Indigenous people, though this was not found in Experiment 2. More participants signed the petition when the alibi was morally desirable at Iowa State, and for the Indigenous suspect. Across all studies, higher scores on the ACT’s Authoritarianism subscale were associated with responses that were less favourable for the suspect/defendant, and many participants did not accurately define the term “alibi.” Understanding the complexities of decision-making in this context will help us better understand why some (honest) alibis are rejected, and how stereotypes and assumptions regarding the alibi provider may lead to bias in the investigation and adjudication of criminal cases.

Investigating the Effects of Threatening Language, Message Framing, and Reactance in Opt-Out Organ Donation Campaigns

Background Under opt-out organ donation policies, individuals are automatically considered to have agreed to donate their organs in the absence of a recorded opt-out decision. Growing evidence suggests that the language used within organ donation campaigns influences donor intentions and decision-making. Purpose As awareness campaigns to promote opt-out consent in the UK are ongoing, the objectives of this study were to investigate the effect of language and message framing used in opt-out organ donation campaigns on donor intentions and psychological reactance. Methods Individuals from Scotland and England (N = 1,350) completed this online experiment. Participants were randomized to view one of four messages, designed in the format of a newspaper article, which described the upcoming opt-out system. This followed a 2 × 2 design whereby the degree of threatening language (high threat vs. low threat) and message framing (loss vs. gain) of the newspaper article was experimentally manipulated. Measures of intention (pre-exposure and postexposure) and postmessage reactance (threat to freedom and anger and counter-arguing) were obtained. Results A mixed analysis of variance revealed a significant Group × Time interaction on donor intentions; post hoc analysis revealed that intentions significantly decreased for individuals exposed to the High threat × Loss frame article but significantly increased for those exposed to the High threat × Gain frame article. Conclusions In campaigns to promote opt-out legislation, high-threat language combined with loss-frame messages should be avoided. If high-threat language is used, gain-frame messaging that highlights the benefits of organ donation should also be incorporated.

Great Grievance: Benjamin Franklin and Anti-Convict Sentiment

Perhaps the best known argument that the early American colonies despised convict labour was the Rattlesnake newspaper article penned by Benjamin Franklin. And yet, was there actually a wide-spread anti-convict sentiment? Or was Franklin a lone voice railing against perceived British insults? Framed around the claims made by Franklin, this article is an investigation of primary evidence from the colonies of Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania, in an attempt to better contextualize Franklins writing against colonial law and other colonial writers and correct the prevailing historical narrative that there was an anti-convict movement.

Private Grief, Public Mourning

Sergei Mikaelyan’s Widows (1976) is a highly unusual war movie because of its focus on civilians and on “postmemory,” the retrospective experience of the aftermath of conflict. Two elderly women campaign against the removal of the remains of two soldiers whom they found in a nearby field during the Great Patriotic War, and the publicity then inspires many people bereaved during the conflict to claim the remains as “theirs.” The chapter traces the origins of the story in a 1970 newspaper article and its slow transition to the big screen, not helped by assessors in the studio and at Goskino who found the material “tasteless.” As the analysis shows, the film raised uncomfortable questions about the significance of war memory in a new and changed society; Widows was to remain an admired movie that never quite made it into the canon.