scholarly journals Human Poisoning from Poisonous Higher Fungi: Focus on Analytical Toxicology and Case Reports in Forensic Toxicology

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 454
Author(s):  
Estelle Flament ◽  
Jérôme Guitton ◽  
Jean-Michel Gaulier ◽  
Yvan Gaillard
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Forensic Toxicology ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Ibotenic Acid ◽  
Biological Matrices ◽  
Analytical Toxicology ◽  
Fatal Poisoning ◽  
Toxicological Analysis ◽  
Chemical Structures

Several families of higher fungi contain mycotoxins that cause serious or even fatal poisoning when consumed by humans. The aim of this review is to inventory, from an analytical point of view, poisoning cases linked with certain significantly toxic mycotoxins: orellanine, α- and β-amanitin, muscarine, ibotenic acid and muscimol, and gyromitrin. Clinicians are calling for the cases to be documented by toxicological analysis. This document is therefore a review of poisoning cases involving these mycotoxins reported in the literature and carries out an inventory of the analytical techniques available for their identification and quantification. It seems indeed that these poisonings are only rarely documented by toxicological analysis, due mainly to a lack of analytical methods in biological matrices. There are many reasons for this issue: the numerous varieties of mushroom involved, mycotoxins with different chemical structures, a lack of knowledge about distribution and metabolism. To sum up, we are faced with (i) obstacles to the documentation and interpretation of fatal (or non-fatal) poisoning cases and (ii) a real need for analytical methods of identifying and quantifying these mycotoxins (and their metabolites) in biological matrices.

Biomarkers of Alcohol Consumption in Body Fluids - Possibilities and Limitations of Application in Toxicological Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateusz Kacper Woźniak ◽  
Marek Wiergowski ◽  
Jacek Namieśnik ◽  
Marek Biziuk
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Forensic Toxicology ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
Ethyl Esters ◽  
Ethyl Glucuronide ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Analytical Toxicology ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Toxicological Analysis

Background:Ethyl alcohol is the most popular legal drug, but its excessive consumption causes social problems. Despite many public campaigns against alcohol use, car accidents, instances of aggressive behaviour, sexual assaults and deterioration in labor productivity caused by inebriated people is still commonplace. Fast and easy diagnosis of alcohol consumption is required in order to introduce proper and effective therapy, and is crucial in forensic toxicology analysis. The easiest method to prove alcohol intake is determination of ethanol in body fluids or in breath. However, since ethanol is rapidly metabolized in the human organism, only recent consumption can be detected using this method. Because of that, the determination of alcohol biomarkers was introduced for monitoring alcohol consumption over a wider range of time.Objective:The objective of this study was to review published studies focusing on the sample preparation methods and chromatographic or biochemical techniques for the determination of alcohol biomarkers in whole blood, plasma, serum and urine.Methods:An electronic literature search was performed to discuss possibilities and limitations of application of alcohol biomarkers in toxicological analysis.Results:Authors described the markers of alcohol consumption such as: ethanol, its nonoxidative metabolites (ethyl glucuronide, ethyl sulfate, phosphatidylethanol, ethyl phosphate, fatty acid ethyl esters) and oxidative metabolites (acetaldehyde and acetaldehyde adducts). We also discussed issues concerning the detection window of these biomarkers, and possibilities and limitations of their use in routine analytical toxicology for monitoring alcohol consumption or sobriety during alcohol therapy.

scholarly journals A Brief Review of Analytical Methods for the Estimation of Allopurinol in Pharmaceutical Formulation and Biological Matrices

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Hemraj Sharma ◽  
Hari Prasad Sapkota ◽  
Nim Bahadur Dangi
Keyword(s):  
Capillary Electrophoresis ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Analytical Investigation ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Hyphenated Techniques ◽  
Biological Matrices ◽  
Near Ir ◽  
Uv Visible

This review article represents the collection and discussion of various analytical methods available in the literature for the determination of allopurinol (ALLP) in pharmaceutical and biological samples consisting of HPLC, UV-visible method, near-IR spectroscopy, spectrofluorometry, capillary electrophoresis, polarography, voltammetry, and hyphenated techniques such as LC-MS, LC-MS/MS, UPLC-MS/MS, and GC-MS. The anticipated review provides details about the comparative utilization of various analytical techniques for the determination of ALLP. The present review article can be effectively explored to conduct future analytical investigation for the estimation of ALLP.

scholarly journals Erectile Dysfunction and Premature Ejaculation Drugs: Mode of Action and Analytical Methods Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim AE ◽  
Elhenawee M ◽  
Saleh H ◽  
Sebaiy MM
Keyword(s):  
Erectile Dysfunction ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Premature Ejaculation ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Biological Matrices

This literature review focuses on drugs used for erectile dysfunction and premature ejaculation, in respect of mode of action and different analytical techniques used for their determination either alone or in combination with other drugs in different pharmaceutical and biological matrices. The cited drugs are Sildenafil, Avanafil, Apomormphine, Yohimbine, Tramadol, Dapoxetine, and Trazodone.

scholarly journals Forensic Toxicology and Poisoning

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Sinisa Franjic ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Forensic Toxicology ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Scientific Discipline ◽  
Fatal Poisoning ◽  
Forensic Practice ◽  
Forensic Investigations ◽  
Harmful Effects

Forensic toxicology is a scientific discipline which studies the medical and legal aspects of the harmful effects of a substance on organisms, and by chemical and analytical methods helps to establish facts in forensic investigations. Forensic practice is particularly significant for fatal poisoning, as well as those that may be related to the commission of criminal acts.

scholarly journals Examination of Thick-Films Using Modern Surface Analytical Techniques

1984 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Harsányi ◽  
G. Ripka
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Thick Film ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Thick Films ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Electrical Measurements ◽  
Surface Impurity ◽  
And Migration

Modern surface analytical methods/EMPA, AES, SIMS etc. were used for studying the different layers in thick-film integrated circuits. Diffusion and migration effects, surface impurity distributions and surface compositions were examined. Some of the results are presented in this paper. Electrical measurements are not discussed here; only examples of the practical use of the methods are demonstrated.

scholarly journals Mycotoxin Analysis: New Proposals for Sample Treatment

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Arroyo-Manzanares ◽  
José F. Huertas-Pérez ◽  
Ana M. García-Campaña ◽  
Laura Gámiz-Gracia
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Sample Treatment ◽  
Analytical Technique ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Technical Developments ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Ultrahigh Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Food Commodities

Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by different fungi, with different chemical structures. Mycotoxins contaminate food, feed, or raw materials used in their production and cause diseases and disorders in humans and livestock. Because of their great variety of toxic effects and their extreme heat resistance, the presence of mycotoxins in food and feed is considered a high risk to human and animal health. In order to ensure food quality and health consumers, European legislation has set maximum contents of some mycotoxins in different matrices. However, there are still some food commodities susceptible to fungal contamination, which were not contemplated in this legislation. In this context, we have developed new analytical techniques for the multiclass determination of mycotoxins in a great variety of food commodities (some of them scarcely studied), such as cereals, pseudocereals, cereal syrups, nuts, edible seeds, and botanicals. Considering the latest technical developments, ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry has been chosen as an efficient, fast, and selective powerful analytical technique. In addition, alternative sample treatments based on emerging methodologies, such as dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and QuEChERS, have been developed, which allow an increased efficiency and sample throughput, as well as reducing contaminant waste.

Science of Art and Analysis: A Mixture for Undergraduate Non-Specialists

1992 ◽  
Vol 267 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Stanley Taft ◽  
James W. Mayer
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Computer Science ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Art History ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Cornell University ◽  
The Third ◽  
Works Of Art ◽  
Modern Analytical

ABSTRACTAt Cornell University we are in the third year of teaching an interdisciplinary, undergraduate course on the physical properties and structures of works of Art, and the modern analytical methods used to investigate them: Art, Isotopes, and Analysis. The challenge is to explain concepts familiar to museum scientists and conservators to a group of 150 undergraduate students with a background that ranges from Art History to Computer Science. Painting techniques (Fresco, Tempera, Oil, etc.) are demonstrated to the class. The analytical techniques involve the interactions of electrons, photons, ions and neutrons with pigments and other materials. This instructional approach serves as an introduction to published analyses of works of art.

scholarly journals Hyphenated high-resolution mass spectrometry—the “all-in-one” device in analytical toxicology?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans H. Maurer
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Forensic Toxicology ◽  
Analytical Toxicology ◽  
High Resolution Mass ◽  
Scientific Meetings ◽  
Application Fields ◽  
Clinical And Forensic Toxicology ◽  
Resolution Mass

AbstractThis trend article reviews papers with hyphenated high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) approaches applied in analytical toxicology, particularly in clinical and forensic toxicology published since 2016 and referenced in PubMed. The article focuses on the question of whether HRMS has or will become the all-in-one device in these fields as supposed by the increasing number of HRMS presentations at scientific meetings, corresponding original papers, and review articles. Typical examples for the different application fields are discussed such as targeted or untargeted drug screening, quantification, drug metabolism studies, and metabolomics approaches. Considering the reviewed papers, HRMS is currently the only technique that fulfills the criteria of an all-in-one device for the various applications needed in analytical toxicology.Graphical abstract

Analytical Techniques for Glass Contamination of Food: A Guide for Administrators and Analysts

1990 ◽  
Vol 53 (10) ◽  
pp. 895-899 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN S. GECAN ◽  
STANLEY M. CICHOWICZ ◽  
PARIS M. BRICKEY
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Analytical Scheme

An analytical scheme is presented to provide an overview of techniques applicable to glass contamination in a variety of consumer products. Procedures are referenced or presented in detail, with emphasis on quality assurance. References on forensic and analytical methods for the examination of glass are provided.

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