Skin Injuries Associated With Moisture: Dermatitis Associated With Incontinence (Iad)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
F Palomar Llatas ◽  
◽  
J Zamora Ortiz ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Stratum Corneum ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Skin Injuries ◽  
Sweat Production

Both the skin of newborns and the elderly have a structure and composition that makes it weaker and more susceptible to damage from friction and external aggressions. It is approximately 60% thinner than that of the adult and has a smaller amount of hair. In addition, the functions of the stratum corneum are diminished, there is less cohesion between the dermis and the epidermis, less sebaceous and sweat production, and the pH they present is neutra

scholarly journals Skin injuries in hospitalized elderly

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clóris Grden ◽  
Taís Ivastcheschen ◽  
Luciane Cabral ◽  
Péricles Reche ◽  
Daniele Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Examination ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Skin Injuries ◽  
Hospitalized Elderly ◽  
Secondary Injuries ◽  
Age Range ◽  
State Examination

Objective: To identify the prevalence of skin injuries in hospitalized elderly. Method: Cross-sectional study with 202 elderly patients selected for convenience and hospitalized in a hospital in Parana (Brazil). Data were collected between September 2017 and January 2018. The Mini-mental State Examination and the physical examination of nursing in the elderly were used. Data were submitted to the exploratory analysis and described by absolute frequency, percentage, means and standard deviations. Results: Women predominance (51%), age range between 60-69 years (42.5%), married (52%) and low educational level (59.4%). It was identified that 128 (63.4%) elderly had clean scalp; 116(57.4%), skin with normal coloring; 104 (51.5%), normal turgor; 138 (68.3%), normal temperature; 160 (79.2%) of fine thickness; 101 (50%), soft texture; 144 (71.3%) with scar; 182 (90.1%), sensitivity; and 152 (75.3%), pruritus. Prevalence of eutrophic body mass index (38.6%) and 176 (87.1%) elderly had skin injuries; 152 (75.3%) had primary injuries and 151 (74.7%), secondary injuries. Conclusion: The study identified the high index of skin injuries in hospitalized elderly. The results are expected to make nurses aware of the importance of the physical examination of the skin as a fundamental step in planning preventive, monitoring and care actions.

scholarly journals TO STUDY THE SEX SPECIFIC DISTRIBUTION OF VARIOUS DERMATOSES IN THE GERIATRIC POPULATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pankaj Rao ◽  
Vineet Kumar ◽  
Chandraprakash Chouhan ◽  
Rekha S
Keyword(s):  
The Elderly ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Benign Tumors ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Geriatric Population ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Specific Distribution ◽  
Sweat Production ◽  
Sebum Production ◽  
Atypical Presentations

Background: In aging, a decline in the regular functions of skin is observed, including cell replacement capacity, barrier function, chemical clearance capacity, sensory perception, mechanical protection, wound healing, immune responsiveness, thermoregulation, sweat production, sebum production, vitamin D production, and capacity to repair DNA. As a result, some inevitable changes, such as roughness, wrinkling, and laxity of the skin, and atypical presentations of dermatologic diseases are observed in elderly patients. Methods: Five hundred consecutive patients more than 60 years of age attending the outpatient clinic or admitted as inpatients in the Department of Dermatology, STD and Leprosy at MDM Hospital, Jodhpur were studied. Results: Of the total of 500 participants in our study, 263 (52.6%) were males and the rest were females. Most common dermatosis noted in the target population was benign tumors, present in 322 patients (64.4%). Second most common disease group affecting the elderly was the infections and infestations group, being present in 215 patients (43%). Infections were present in 195 patients (39%) while infestations were present in 24 patients (4.8%). Four patients presented with infection along with infestation. Conclusion: Males outnumbered females with male to female ratio 1.11:1. The distribution and frequency of various dermatoses varies significantly from country to country and region to region Keywords: Gender, Ageing, Dermatoses, Pruritus, Senile.

Changes in corneocyte element concentrations occur in skin inner stratum corneum

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-147
Author(s):  
R. R. Warner
Keyword(s):  
Stratum Corneum ◽  
Human Skin ◽  
Element Concentration ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Brick Wall ◽  
Inorganic Elements ◽  
Dry Skin ◽  
Skin Biopsies ◽  
Intercellular Lipid

Keratinocytes undergo maturation during their transit through the viable layers of skin, and then abruptly transform into flattened, anuclear corneocytes that constitute the cellular component of the skin barrier, the stratum corneum (SC). The SC is generally considered to be homogeneous in its structure and barrier properties, and is often shown schematically as a featureless brick wall, the “bricks” being the corneocytes, the “mortar” being intercellular lipid. Previously we showed the outer SC was not homogeneous in its composition, but contained steep gradients of the physiological inorganic elements Na, K and Cl, likely originating from sweat salts. Here we show the innermost corneocytes in human skin are also heterogeneous in composition, undergoing systematic changes in intracellular element concentration during transit into the interior of the SC.Human skin biopsies were taken from the lower leg of individuals with both “good” and “dry” skin and plunge-frozen in a stirred, cooled isopentane/propane mixture.

Paracrystalline Aggregates of Psoriatic Keratin and Their Relation to Normal Keratin Structure

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 680-681
Author(s):  
S. Trachtenberg ◽  
P.M. Steinert ◽  
B.L. Trus ◽  
A.C. Steven
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Stratum Corneum ◽  
Intermediate Filament ◽  
Skin Disease ◽  
Amorphous Matrix ◽  
Terminal Differentiation ◽  
Proteolytic Degradation ◽  
Horny Layer ◽  
Chronic Skin ◽  
Chronic Skin Disease

During terminal differentiation of vertebrate epidermis, certain specific keratin intermediate filament (KIF) proteins are produced. Keratinization of the epidermis involves cell death and disruption of the cytoplasm, leaving a network of KIF embedded in an amorphous matrix which forms the outer horny layer known as the stratum corneum. Eventually these cells are shed (desquamation). Normally, the processes of differentiation, keratinization, and desquamation are regulated in an orderly manner. In psoriasis, a chronic skin disease, a hyperkeratotic stratum corneum is produced, resulting in abnormal desquamation of unusually large scales. In this disease, the normal KIF proteins are diminished in amount or absent, and other proteins more typical of proliferative epidermal cells are present. There is also evidence of proteolytic degradation of the KIF.

Cell surface changes during aging of human bladder epithelium examined by lectin probes and SEM

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 966-967
Author(s):  
J. Jacob ◽  
M.F.M. Ismail
Keyword(s):  
The Elderly ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Pokeweed Mitogen ◽  
Asymmetric Structure ◽  
Luminal Surface ◽  
Bladder Epithelium ◽  
Aldehyde Groups ◽  
Cell Surface Changes ◽  
Phosphate Buffered Saline ◽  
Surface Changes

Ultrastructural changes have been shown to occur in the urinary bladder epithelium (urothelium) during the life span of humans. With increasing age, the luminal surface becomes more flexible and develops simple microvilli-like processes. Furthermore, the specialised asymmetric structure of the luminal plasma membrane is relatively more prominent in the young than in the elderly. The nature of the changes at the luminal surface is now explored by lectin-mediated adsorption visualised by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).Samples of young adult (21-31 y old) and elderly (58-82 y old) urothelia were fixed in buffered 2% glutaraldehyde for 10 m and washed with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) containing Ca++ and Mg++ at room temperature. They were incubated overnight at 4°C in 0.1 M ammonium chloride in PBS to block any remaining aldehyde groups. The samples were then allowed to stand in PBS at 37°C for 2 h before incubation at 37°C for 30 m with lectins. The lectins used were concanavalin A (Con A), wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and pokeweed mitogen (PWM) at a concentration of 500 mg/ml in PBS at pH 7.A.

The effect of dental geriatric curricula on attitudes toward the elderly

1988 ◽  
Vol 52 (9) ◽  
pp. 516-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Mann ◽  
TJ Bomberg ◽  
JM Holtzman ◽  
DB Berkey
Keyword(s):  
The Elderly

Pharmacology Issues Related to Dementia Syndrome of Depression in Elderly Residents of Long-Term Care Settings

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-69
Author(s):  
Angel L. Ball ◽  
Adina S. Gray
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Environmental Communication ◽  
Pharmacological Intervention ◽  
Team Approach ◽  
Discussion Paper ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Anticholinergic Medications ◽  
Inappropriate Treatment ◽  
Dementia Syndrome

Pharmacological intervention for depressive symptoms in institutionalized elderly is higher than the population average. Among the patients on such medications are those with a puzzling mix of symptoms, diagnosed as “dementia syndrome of depression,” formerly termed “pseudodementia”. Cognitive-communicative changes, potentially due to medications, complicate the diagnosis even further. This discussion paper reviews the history of the terminology of “pseudodementia,” and examines the pharmacology given as treatment for depressive symptoms in the elderly population that can affect cognition and communication. Clinicians can reduce the risk of misdiagnosis or inappropriate treatment by having an awareness of potential side effects, including decreased attention, memory, and reasoning capacities, particularly due to some anticholinergic medications. A team approach to care should include a cohesive effort directed at caution against over-medication, informed management of polypharmacology, enhancement of environmental/communication supports and quality of life, and recognizing the typical nature of some depressive signs in elderly institutionalized individuals.

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