scholarly journals SALL4 Expression in Urothelial Carcinoma of Urinary Bladder; a Tissue Microarray Analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Jaudah Al-Maghrabi ◽  
◽  
Haneen Al-Maghrabi ◽  
Ahmad Ghanim ◽  
Ayman Ghanim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Germ Cell ◽  
Urothelial Carcinoma ◽  
Regional Lymph Node ◽  
Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Urothelial Carcinomas ◽  
Normal Bladder ◽  
Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma

Sal-like protein 4 (SALL4) is a cellular pluripotent embryonic nuclear factor that has been a useful immunohistochemistry marker for germ-cell tumors. Our understanding of SALL4 expression in other human body malignancies remains limited. The diagnostic value of SALL4 expression as an independent diagnostic marker for patients with bladder urothelial carcinoma remains unclear. The aim of this study is to investigate the relation of SALL4 immunostaining in urinary bladder urothelial carcinoma and normal bladder urothelial tissue with clinicopathological diagnostic parameters. Material and methods: Three hundred and seventy cases of bladder urothelial carcinomas and 22 non-neoplastic bladder urothelial tissues were obtained from the Department of Pathology at King Abdulaziz University Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Tissue microarrays were constructed. Tissue sections were stained using anti-human SALL4 monoclonal antibody. The immunostaining results were recorded and analyzed. Results: SALL4 exhibited weak nuclear expression in only 6 out of 370 cases of bladder urothelial carcinomas (1.6%). All the SALL4-positive cases were high-grade tumors. Normal urothelial tissues were all completely negative. SALL4 immunostaining revealed no association with gender, age, tumor invasiveness, stage, lymphovascular invasion, regional lymph node metastasis, or distant metastasis. Conclusion: SALL4 is rarely expressed in bladder urothelial carcinoma and is typically limited to high-grade tumors. However, this immunoexpression must be kept in mind when applying SALL4 antibody for differentiating urothelial carcinomas from germ-cell tumors and when assessing metastatic poorly differentiated tumors of unknown origin.

scholarly journals Yolk Sac tumor differentiation in urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder: A case report and differential diagnosis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Espejo-Herrera ◽  
Enric Condom Mundó
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Urothelial Carcinoma ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
Yolk Sac ◽  
Yolk Sac Tumor ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Predominant Component ◽  
Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma ◽  
Urinary Bladder Tumor

Abstract Background: Yolk sac tumor (YST) is a germ cell neoplasm that arises predominantly in the gonads, but can also derive from somatic neoplasms in extragonadal locations. These latter cases have been documented in several organs, although reports from the urinary tract are limited. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a bladder urothelial carcinoma with a predominant component of YST differentiation.Case presentation: We present a unique case of a 76-year-old man with a recurrent urinary bladder tumor, initially interpreted as a high grade urothelial carcinoma with glandular differentiation. In the recurrent tumor, diverse histological patterns were identified, including glandular, hepatoid and sarcomatoid. This tumor showed positivity for AFP, GLP3 and SALL4, and negativity for CK7 and EMA. Fluorescent in situ hybridization study showed a polysomic pattern of chromosome 12. All these findings led to the final diagnosis of a YST derived from urothelial carcinoma. Conclusions: YST differentiation should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a high grade urothelial carcinoma, particularly when glandular and other unusual patterns are observed.

scholarly journals HISTOPATHOLOGICAL SPECTRUM OF UROTHELIAL LESIONS: AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Nishat Ahmad ◽  
Saurabh Banerjee ◽  
A K. Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Urothelial Carcinoma ◽  
Bladder Tumour ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Urothelial Carcinomas ◽  
Neoplastic Lesions ◽  
Papillary Urothelial Carcinoma ◽  
Muscle Invasion

BACKGROUND: Urinary bladder cancer is second most common cancer after prostate cancer in the genitourinary system. Urothelial Carcinoma is the commonest tumour type accounting for 90% of all primary tumours of the bladder Histopathological analysis of cystoscopic bladder biopsy and Transurethral resection of the bladder tumour (TURBT) material are the mainstay for cancer diagnosis. This study was aimed to determine the frequency of different types of neoplastic lesions of the urinary bladder and to determine the grade and stage of urothelial tumours. MATERIAL METHOD: The study was carried out in the Department of Pathology, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Ranchi from January 2018 to June 2020 and included 30 cases of cystoscopic biopsies and TURBT specimens. RESULTS: Out of 30 cases of neoplastic lesions, majority were of high grade papillary urothelial carcinoma (n=14, 46.67%) followed by low grade papillary urothelial carcinoma (n=9, 30%), 3 cases (10%) were of PUNLMP, 2 cases (6.66%) of papilloma and 1 (3.33%) case each of moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma and extra nodal NHL. The most common age group was 41-50 years and 51-60 years with 9 (30%) cases each. Muscle invasion was seen only in high grade papillary urothelial carcinomas. CONCLUSION: High-grade urothelial carcinomas with lamina propria and muscle invasion are the most common neoplastic lesion of urinary bladder with significant morbidity and mortality. Muscle invasion and grading, as per TNM staging, are valuable prognostic factors.

scholarly journals Expression of Semaphorin 3A in Malignant and Normal Bladder Tissue: Immunohistochemistry Staining and Morphometric Evaluation

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Ilan Bejar ◽  
Jacob Rubinstein ◽  
Jacob Bejar ◽  
Edmond Sabo ◽  
Hilla K Sheffer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urothelial Carcinoma ◽  
Carcinoma In Situ ◽  
Urothelial Cancer ◽  
Basal Layer ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Bladder Tissue ◽  
Normal Bladder ◽  
Normal Bladder Tissue

Introduction: Our previous studies showed elevated levels of Semaphorin3a (Sema3A) in the urine of patients with urothelial cancer compared to healthy patients. The aim of this study was to analyze the extent of Sema3A expression in normal and malignant urothelial tissue using immune-staining microscopic and morphometric analysis. Materials and Methods: Fifty-seven paraffin-embedded bladder samples were retrieved from our pathology archive and analyzed: 14 samples of normal urothelium, 21 samples containing low-grade urothelial carcinoma, 13 samples of patients with high-grade urothelial carcinoma, 7 samples containing muscle invasive urothelial carcinoma, and 2 samples with pure urothelial carcinoma in situ. All samples were immunostained with anti Sema3A antibodies. The area of tissue stained with Sema3A and its intensity were analyzed using computerized morphometry and compared between the samples’ groups. Results: In normal bladder tissue, very light Sema3A staining was demonstrated on the mucosal basal layer and completely disappeared on the apical layer. In low-grade tumor samples, cells in the basal layer of the mucosa were also lightly stained with Sema3A, but Seama3A expression intensified upon moving apically, reaching its highest level on apical cells exfoliating to the urine. In high grade urothelial tumors, Seama3A staining was intense in the entire thickness of the mucosa. In samples containing carcinoma in situ, staining intensity was high and homogenous in all the neoplastic cells. Conclusions: Sema3A may be serve as a potential non-invasive marker of urothelial cancer.

EMP2 induces cytostasis and apoptosis via the TGFβ/SMAD/SP1 axis and recruitment of P2RX7 in urinary bladder urothelial carcinoma

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chien-Feng Li ◽  
Ti-Chun Chan ◽  
Cheng-Tang Pan ◽  
Pichpisith Pierre Vejvisithsakul ◽  
Jia-Chen Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Urothelial Carcinoma ◽  
Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma

scholarly journals A Case of Urinary Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma with Squamous, Glandular, and Plasmacytoid Differentiation

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 362-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naohiro Makise ◽  
Teppei Morikawa ◽  
Yuta Takeshima ◽  
Yukio Homma ◽  
Masashi Fukayama
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Urothelial Carcinoma ◽  
Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma

Dermatomyositis in a patient with high grade papillary urothelial carcinoma of urinary bladder

2007 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-155
Author(s):  
Aman SHARMA ◽  
Susheel KUMAR ◽  
Ajay WANCHU ◽  
A. K. MANDAL ◽  
Surjit SINGH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Urothelial Carcinoma ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Papillary Urothelial Carcinoma

scholarly journals Somatically derived Yolk Sac tumor of the urinary bladder: A case report and differential diagnosis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Espejo-Herrera ◽  
Enric Condom Mundó
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Urothelial Carcinoma ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
Yolk Sac ◽  
Yolk Sac Tumor ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Yolk Sac Tumors ◽  
Urinary Bladder Tumor

Abstract Background: Yolk sac tumor is a germ cell neoplasm that arises predominantly in the gonads, but can also derive from somatic neoplasms in extragonadal locations. These cases have been denominated recently as “somatically derived Yolk sac tumors”, and have been documented in several locations, although reports from the urinary tract are scarce. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a Yolk sac tumor derived from urothelial carcinoma. Case presentation: We present a unique case of a 76-year-old man with a recurrent urinary bladder tumor, initially interpreted as a high grade urothelial carcinoma with glandular differentiation. In the recurrent tumor, diverse histological patterns were identified, including glandular, hepatoid and sarcomatoid. This tumor showed positivity for AFP, GLP3 and SALL4, and negativity for CK7 and EMA. Fluorescent in situ hybridization study showed a polysomic pattern of chromosome 12. All these findings led to the final diagnosis of a Yolk sac tumor derived from urothelial carcinoma. Conclusions: Somatically derived Yolk Sac tumors should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a high grade urothelial carcinoma, particularly when glandular and other unusual patterns are observed. Key words: Yolk sac tumor, somatically derived, urothelial carcinoma, urinary bladder, case report.

scholarly journals Interobserver reproducibility of The Paris System for Reporting Urinary Cytology

CytoJournal ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theresa Long ◽  
Lester J. Layfield ◽  
Magda Esebua ◽  
Shellaine R. Frazier ◽  
D. Tamar Giorgadze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urothelial Carcinoma ◽  
Urinary Cytology ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Urothelial Cells ◽  
Urothelial Carcinomas ◽  
Absolute Agreement ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Urine Specimens

Background: The Paris System for Reporting Urinary Cytology represents a significant improvement in classification of urinary specimens. The system acknowledges the difficulty in cytologically diagnosing low-grade urothelial carcinomas and has developed categories to deal with this issue. The system uses six categories: unsatisfactory, negative for high-grade urothelial carcinoma (NHGUC), atypical urothelial cells, suspicious for high-grade urothelial carcinoma, high-grade urothelial carcinoma, other malignancies and a seventh subcategory (low-grade urothelial neoplasm). Methods: Three hundred and fifty-seven urine specimens were independently reviewed by four cytopathologists unaware of the previous diagnoses. Each cytopathologist rendered a diagnosis according to the Paris System categories. Agreement was assessed using absolute agreement and weighted chance-corrected agreement (kappa). Disagreements were classified as low impact and high impact based on the potential impact of a misclassification on clinical management. Results: The average absolute agreement was 65% with an average expected agreement of 44%. The average chance-corrected agreement (kappa) was 0.32. Nine hundred and ninety-nine of 1902 comparisons between rater pairs were in agreement, but 12% of comparisons differed by two or more categories for the category NHGUC. Approximately 15% of the disagreements were classified as high clinical impact. Conclusions: Our findings indicated that the scheme recommended by the Paris System shows adequate precision for the category NHGUC, but the other categories demonstrated unacceptable interobserver variability. This low level of diagnostic precision may negatively impact the applicability of the Paris System for widespread clinical application.

scholarly journals Alterations of Chromatin Regulators in the Pathogenesis of Urinary Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 6040
Author(s):  
Michèle J. Hoffmann ◽  
Wolfgang A. Schulz
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Urothelial Carcinoma ◽  
Checkpoint Control ◽  
Genetic Changes ◽  
Genomic Changes ◽  
Chromatin Regulators ◽  
Chromatin Remodeling Complex ◽  
Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma ◽  
Histone Modifying Enzymes ◽  
Gene Expression Alterations

Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is the most frequent histological type of cancer in the urinary bladder. Genomic changes in UC activate MAPK and PI3K/AKT signal transduction pathways, which increase cell proliferation and survival, interfere with cell cycle and checkpoint control, and prevent senescence. A more recently discovered additional category of genetic changes in UC affects chromatin regulators, including histone-modifying enzymes (KMT2C, KMT2D, KDM6A, EZH2), transcription cofactors (CREBBP, EP300), and components of the chromatin remodeling complex SWI/SNF (ARID1A, SMARCA4). It is not yet well understood how these changes contribute to the development and progression of UC. Therefore, we review here the emerging knowledge on genomic and gene expression alterations of chromatin regulators and their consequences for cell differentiation, cellular plasticity, and clonal expansion during UC pathogenesis. Our analysis identifies additional relevant chromatin regulators and suggests a model for urothelial carcinogenesis as a basis for further mechanistic studies and targeted therapy development.

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