Structure and Costruction background of Ancient Tombs of Ulreung-do During Unified Silla Era

2019 ◽  
pp. 99-126
Author(s):  
Bosik Hong
Keyword(s):  
Structure Analysis ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Construction Period ◽  
Surface Excavation ◽  
Land Region

The tomb shape of the ancient tomb constructed in Ulreung-do and the burial structure are analyzed and the construction period is established through the burial items and the system and background are reviewed. As a result of the review, the ancient tombs of Ulreung-do that had the burial structure constructed on the stone structure with the red stones and they were the most appropriate burial facilities for the natural environment of Ulreung-do with its geology, topography, climate or the likes. Originally, the ancient tombs of Ulreung-do had known its burial structure as the stone chamber tomb with horizontal entrance, but as a result of structure analysis, they were confirmed to be the corridor-style stone chamber tomb. Those reported ancient tombs of Ulreung-do from ground surface, excavation survey and others are confirmed by the characteristics of earthenware excavated as the burial items with the construction period to be late 8th century to 9th century. In the main land region of the unified Silla era, had a number of cases grouped in Ulreung-do for the disappearing corridor-style stone chamber tomb that it is confirmed to have similar shapes with the capital city of the similar period. Those earthenwares decorated splendidly with the stamped design pottery excavated from the living relics and ancient tombs of Ulreung-do were produced and consumed in the capital city. The structure of the ancient tomb is in the corridor-style stone chamber tomb and the earthenware carried in for significant number from the capital city and based on such facts, the ancient tombs of Ulreung-do could be presumed as highly likely to be constructed by the migration of those people in the capital city of Silla Dynasty.

scholarly journals Tunnel Deformation Behavior due to Ground Surface Excavation above the Tunnel

2003 ◽  
Vol 52 (8) ◽  
pp. 958-965 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshiyuki KOJIMA ◽  
Toshihiro ASAKURA ◽  
Kazuyuki YOSHIKAWA ◽  
Yoshiyuki SHIGETA ◽  
Takashi TUCHIYA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deformation Behavior ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Surface Excavation

Integration of Postclosure Safety Analysis with Repository Design for the Yucca Mountain Repository through the Selection of Design Control Parameters

2008 ◽  
Vol 1124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald Hans Nieder-Westermann ◽  
Robert H. Spencer ◽  
Robert W Andrews ◽  
Neil Brown
Keyword(s):  
Natural Environment ◽  
Configuration Management ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Safety Analysis ◽  
Yucca Mountain ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Control Parameters ◽  
Performance Requirements ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Key Aspects

AbstractThe Yucca Mountain repository combines multiple barriers, both natural and engineered, which work both individually and collectively to limit the movement of water and the potential release and movement of radionuclides to the accessible environment. Engineered structures, systems and components (SSCs) are designed to function in the natural environment utilizing materials chosen to perform their intended functions in order to meet the postclosure performance objectives. Similarly, the features of the natural environment are expected to respond to the presence of the repository through geomechanical, hydrogeologic and geochemical changes. At Yucca Mountain, specific features, both engineered and natural have been identified as requiring design control during repository construction and operations. The integration between design and postclosure safety analysis is facilitated using design control parameters. The term “design control parameters” includes functions and performance requirements allocated to SSCs through the design process, as well as the attributes of SSCs that are developed during design (e.g., dimensions; weights; materials; fabrication and quality-control processes; and operating conditions). These control parameters provide an interface between the design and the analyzed postclosure safety bases, which needs to be maintained through the licensing process. Maintenance of the design is controlled through configuration management and procedural safety controls. The design control parameters serve three key purposes. First, they identify key aspects of the design that serve as the design bases for the designers of the SSCs of the facility. Second, they provide a useful input to the analyses of relevant postclosure features, events and processes (FEPs) and are used to either exclude FEPs from the postclosure safety analysis or as an input to models of included FEPs in the safety analysis. Finally, they provide important controlled interface constraints between the design and safety analyses organizations that are amenable to configuration management. Several examples of such design controls will be presented in this briefing. The first type of design controls relates to the location of the underground facility, including standoffs from faults and the ground surface. The second type of design controls relates to the configuration of the engineered features including the spacing of emplacement driftsand drip shield dimensions and characteristics. A third type of design controls relates to constraints on handling, loading and emplacing waste forms in canisters and waste packages in the emplacement drifts.

Study on Sustainable Construction Characteristics of Sichuan Vernacular Architectures

2014 ◽  
Vol 522-524 ◽  
pp. 1641-1644
Author(s):  
Chun Yan Yang ◽  
Shu Min
Keyword(s):  
Natural Environment ◽  
Empirical Approach ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
Materials Selection ◽  
Construction Period ◽  
Ecological Characteristics ◽  
Community Construction ◽  
Social Conditioning ◽  
Selection Of

With rich experience of sustainable construction, Sichuan vernacular architectures are gradually formed in a long Construction period, during which the ancient adapt to natural environment and social conditioning. This thesis summarizes some ecological characteristics of Sichuan vernacular architectures and refines some sustainable characteristics of architectures construction. By using an empirical approach, the sustainable measures of vernacular architectures are preliminarily summarized. The sustainable experience concerning Sichuan vernacular architectures, such as layout, lightening, ventilation, dehumidification, damp-proof and materials selection of roof, are expected to bring some inspirations to modern community construction.

Boomerang and Jungle Bridges: Connecting City and Forest

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaute Mo ◽  
Mario Rando ◽  
Kathleen Overton ◽  
Fernando Ibáñez Climent ◽  
Altea Cámara Aguilera
Keyword(s):  
Natural Environment ◽  
Urban Forest ◽  
Suspension Bridge ◽  
Comfort Level ◽  
Weathering Steel ◽  
Construction Period ◽  
Ring Road ◽  
Pedestrian Bridges ◽  
Steel Panels ◽  
The Impact

<p>The Boomerang and Jungle pedestrian bridges form part of a new pedestrian and cycle path, passing from the centre of Oslo through an urban forest and over the Outer Ring Road. The main goal for the design team was to integrate the bridges’ architecture within the natural environment and to cause the minimum impact during the construction period. The 85m long Boomerang bridge, named after its shape in plan, crosses the ring road with a 22.5m span, whose traffic was maintained throughout the construction period. In total the bridge comprises of four spans, with a continuous steel box girder of asymmetric cross-section. The bridge and the railings are fabricated from Cor-ten weathering steel to avoid the need for painting and to minimise future maintenance. The Jungle Pedestrian bridge is a simple suspension bridge spanning 36m over a small river. The main structural elements are parabolic, locked coil cables, four at deck level and two at handrail level. The deck is formed from slip-resistant perforated steel panels, supported off a transversely stiff steel framing system. The design intent was to maximize the use of prefabricated lightweight elements to facilitate the bridge erection and minimize the impact on the natural environment. Due to the lightness of the bridge a detailed analysis of the accelerations due to pedestrian-induced vibrations was performed to assess the comfort level for bridge users. The project won in 2017 the Norwegian Steel Construction Award and was nominated for World Architecture News’ Best Bridge Award 2017.</p>

scholarly journals Test of Natural Potential Method in Locating Cave Passageways of Jewel Cave

1990 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 119-120
Author(s):  
Arthur Lange
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Hazardous Materials ◽  
Potential Method ◽  
Open Communication ◽  
Underground System

Ever increasing pressures on our natural environment necessitate measures to detect and ameliorate problems of contamination, construction and overuse, before they become critical. This is particularly the case in our national parks and monuments where the tide of visitors is continually growing. the underground resource of natural caverns is especially vulnerable to damage, due to its fragile features, rare and delicate biota, open communication with groundwater, and its invisibility beneath the ground surface. It is important that we be able to recognize the existence of a cavern system prior to the planning of roads and facilities that may encroach upon or introduce waste and hazardous materials into the underground system.

scholarly journals Traces of a church and fortress built prior to the Hungarian conquest found in a Benedictine monastery : New discoveries in Kaposszentjakab

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 13-26
Author(s):  
István Molnár
Keyword(s):  
Natural Environment ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Previous Knowledge ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Stone Carvings ◽  
The Church

The ruins of the former Benedictine Abbey of Zselicszentjakab can be found in the eastern part of Kaposvár, in the Kaposszentjakab district. The walls, which had previously only survived almost completely under the ground surface, were excavated in the 1960s under the direction of Emese Nagy. The archaeological park created in this beautiful natural environment is one of the finest medieval monuments in the area. The monastery’s church is of particular value. With its walls that rise to 2–2.5 meters high in some places and its stone carvings, it is one of the most important monuments of 11th-century Hungarian architecture. This is Hungary’s first known privately founded (non-royal) monastery. We have also learned about the circumstances of its foundation, including the existence of a church that used to stand here from the text of a transcription of the deed of foundation. Despite all this, the site has received relatively little attention for decades. Only short publications were published about the excavation. These merely clarified the construction history and layout of the monastery in broad strokes, while the church that had previously stood here was not identified. In 2014 and 2016, we were able to perform new excavations, which significantly expanded and clarified our previous knowledge. Since the most important new results are related to the period before the foundation of the monastery, I will introduce these first, and then I will briefly discuss the history of the construction of the monastery.

Random isn't real: How the patchy distribution of ecological rewards may generate “incentive hope”

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurel Symes ◽  
Thalia Wheatley
Keyword(s):  
Natural Environment ◽  
Random Distribution ◽  
Spatiotemporal Distribution ◽  
Patchy Distribution ◽  
Distribution Of Resources

AbstractAnselme & Güntürkün generate exciting new insights by integrating two disparate fields to explain why uncertain rewards produce strong motivational effects. Their conclusions are developed in a framework that assumes a random distribution of resources, uncommon in the natural environment. We argue that, by considering a realistically clumped spatiotemporal distribution of resources, their conclusions will be stronger and more complete.

Extreme self-sacrifice beyond fusion: Moral expansiveness and the special case of allyship

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Crimston ◽  
Matthew J. Hornsey
Keyword(s):  
General Theory ◽  
Biological Markers ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Relevant Dimension ◽  
Special Case

AbstractAs a general theory of extreme self-sacrifice, Whitehouse's article misses one relevant dimension: people's willingness to fight and die in support of entities not bound by biological markers or ancestral kinship (allyship). We discuss research on moral expansiveness, which highlights individuals’ capacity to self-sacrifice for targets that lie outside traditional in-group markers, including racial out-groups, animals, and the natural environment.

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