High resolution climate reconstructions of recent warming using instrumental and ice core records from coastal Antarctica

In-situ observational record of Antarctic surface temperatures is rather sparse. Proxy based ice core studies are thus critical for reconstructing the past climate change on centennial and decadal time scales. The present study review the available instrumental and proxy records from the Dronning Maud Land region of East Antarctica as well as report recent evidences of Antarctic climate change and its global linkages. The monthly mean air temperature records of the Novolazarevskaya (Novo) station, which is the longest (since 1961) and continuous meteorological record in this region, revealed a significant warming trend at a rate of 0.25 °C / decade. To understand the spatial and temporal consistency of this warming, well-dated ice cores from the coastal Dronning Maud Land region were assessed. All proxy records consistently suggest an enhanced warming up to +0.12 °C / decade. This is further supported by a recent assessment of stable oxygen and hydrogen isotope proxy records from two high resolution ice cores (IND-25/B5 and IND-22/B4) from this region. Among these records, the IND-25/B5 provided ultra-high-resolution data for the past 100 years (1905-2005) and the IND-22/B4 core represented the past ~470 years (1530-2002) of Antarctic change. These ice records provided insights on the influence of solar forcing on Antarctic climate system as well as its linkages with the tropical and mid-latitude climatic modes like the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) and El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The calculated surface air temperatures using these records showed a warming by 0.06-0.1 °C / decade, with greatly enhanced warming during the past several decades (~0.4 °C / decade). It is confirmed that the coastal areas of Dronning Maud Land are indeed warming and the trend is apparently enhancing in the recent decades.

Copra processing issue of migrant farmers in tidal land of South Sumatra

The study was carried out in the tidal land region of Pendowo Harjo Village, Sungsang District, Banyuasin District, South Sumatra Province, with the goal of calculating the production costs and income gained, as well as determining the financial feasibility of the copra processing business. Simple random selection was used to choose sample farmers, with 45 sample farmers managing the copra processing business chosen from a total of 235 population members. All sample farmers were Bugis ethnic migrant farmers. The analysis results showed that with an average area of 1.15 hectares, an income of IDR 2,530,886.98 was obtained. The production costs incurred were IDR 1,756,328.15 resulting in an income of IDR 774,558.83 per arable area per production process (for a period of 3 months). The NPV value was IDR 102,638,789.00, with the IRR value was 49.92 per cent, and the Net B/C value was 2.28. These figures show that a copra processing business can be developed in the area financially.

Are the Jameson Land muskoxen, Northeast Greenland, in decline?

The Jameson Land region contains the largest muskox population in Northeast Greenland. In the period 1980-1990, late winter population size averaged 3,645. A late winter 2000 survey estimated ca. 1,705 muskoxen. Although no further late winter surveys for muskox abundance have occurred since, there have been two summer bird surveys, which recorded incidental observations of muskoxen, i.e., 607 in 2008 and 610 in 2009. We report on muskox observations obtained in a subarea of Jameson Land during the summer 2016 ground survey for birds. Although in the 1982-2000 period this subarea averaged 1,153 ± 346 muskoxen, we observed 138 individuals and a low calf number. The few muskoxen observed and poor calf production suggest population decline. We briefly discuss possible factors that could influence muskox mortality and population abundance. Surveys specific to muskoxen are necessary to ascertain current population abundance, demographics and trend.

Cultural exchanges, intergration and developmet of the chinese community in central coastal provinces

In the circumstance of the Chinesse emigrants going abroad to seek shelter and find new lands, especially southeast Asia, Dang Trong of Dai Viet kingdom has gradually become a point of arrival which attracts them strongly. Depending on geographic position of contigous sea and advantage of Dang Trong context at home and abroad, Chinese merchants and emigrants have come to the central coastal parts (especially in Quang Nam, Quang Ngai, Binh Dinh, and Phu Yen). Having settled in southeast Asia region as well as in the central part of Vietnam, Chinese emigrants have preseved their traditional culture to gain achievements in this land region. Besides, they have actively integrated into native communities, exchanging culture for prosperity and development. This paper indicates cultural exchanges, integration and development of the Hoa in the central coastal provinces in history and present, which asserts their contributions in the fields of culture, economy and society to build Vietnam nation, notably in the age of present international integration.

Structure and Costruction background of Ancient Tombs of Ulreung-do During Unified Silla Era

The tomb shape of the ancient tomb constructed in Ulreung-do and the burial structure are analyzed and the construction period is established through the burial items and the system and background are reviewed. As a result of the review, the ancient tombs of Ulreung-do that had the burial structure constructed on the stone structure with the red stones and they were the most appropriate burial facilities for the natural environment of Ulreung-do with its geology, topography, climate or the likes. Originally, the ancient tombs of Ulreung-do had known its burial structure as the stone chamber tomb with horizontal entrance, but as a result of structure analysis, they were confirmed to be the corridor-style stone chamber tomb. Those reported ancient tombs of Ulreung-do from ground surface, excavation survey and others are confirmed by the characteristics of earthenware excavated as the burial items with the construction period to be late 8th century to 9th century. In the main land region of the unified Silla era, had a number of cases grouped in Ulreung-do for the disappearing corridor-style stone chamber tomb that it is confirmed to have similar shapes with the capital city of the similar period. Those earthenwares decorated splendidly with the stamped design pottery excavated from the living relics and ancient tombs of Ulreung-do were produced and consumed in the capital city. The structure of the ancient tomb is in the corridor-style stone chamber tomb and the earthenware carried in for significant number from the capital city and based on such facts, the ancient tombs of Ulreung-do could be presumed as highly likely to be constructed by the migration of those people in the capital city of Silla Dynasty.