scholarly journals Hygienic assessment of the situation and analysis of the health risk of the population as an information basis for the management of monitoring and the formation of complex plans for air protection measures of the federal project "Clean Air"

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (10) ◽  
pp. 1043-1051
Author(s):  
Irina V. May ◽  
Svetlana V. Kleyn ◽  
Ekaterina V. Maksimova ◽  
Stanislav Yu. Balashov ◽  
Mihail Yu. Tsinker
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Risk Criteria ◽  
Clean Air ◽  
The City

Introduction. The quality of the environment and the health of the population are the main factors in the socio-economic development of society. To reduce the volume of emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere and improve the living conditions of residents of contaminated cities, a federal project, “Clean Air” has been developed. Analysis of the efficiency and effectiveness of air protection measures according to public health risk criteria is a priority task for achieving the project conditions and ensuring a safe living environment. Materials and methods. The initial information for the hygienic assessment and health risks of the city of Bratsk was the data of in-situ measurements of the quality of atmospheric air within the framework of environmental and socio-hygienic monitoring and summary calculations of the dispersion of emissions from stationary and mobile sources. Results. According to the hygienic assessment and health risk assessment, 13 priority impurities were identified for inclusion in the systematic monitoring program. Conclusion. Analysis of measures to reduce emissions of pollutants into the air by health risk criteria made it possible to establish that, in general, the directions of efforts are adequate to the list of priority risk factors for the health of citizens. For the correct assessment of the effectiveness and efficiency, it is advisable to supplement with materials containing data on specific emission sources on which it is planned to implement measures; supplying the assessment of health risks with data on the actual morbidity of the population in the city; as well as to assess and discuss with business entities the results of health risk assessment, all identified discrepancies between declared emissions, calculated levels of pollution and the real sanitary and hygienic situation in the city.

scholarly journals The practice of applying health risk assessment in the Federal Project “Clean Air” in the participating cities (Cherepovets, Lipetsk, Omsk, Novokuznetsk): problems and prospects

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (9) ◽  
pp. 890-896
Author(s):  
Sergej V. Kuzmin ◽  
Simon L. Avaliani ◽  
Natal`ya S. Dodina ◽  
Tatyana A. Shashina ◽  
Viktor A. Kislitsin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Initial Data ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Industrial Emissions ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
Clean Air

Introduction. The object of the study is the results obtained during the implementation of the Federal Project (FP) “Clean Air” in 2020 in the supervised participating cities and the assessment of the possibility of implementing the tasks set for Rospotrebnadzor for effective health risk management, reducing morbidity and mortality of the population. The purpose of the study is to assess the risk to public health according to the summary calculations of atmospheric air pollution in the cities of Cherepovets, Lipetsk, Omsk, Novokuznetsk during the implementation of the FP “Clean Air” (baseline, 2017). Materials and methods. The primary approach to implementing the FP “Clean Air” in 2020 is to use the initial data (summary calculations of atmospheric air pollution) and obtain on their basis the levels of exposure and risks to public health. A software product of the “Ecolog-Gorod” series was used to calculate single and average annual concentrations. The health risk assessment procedure was carried out under the requirements of the manual R 2.1.10.1920-04. Results. Studies were conducted to assess the risk to public health based on the data of summary calculations of atmospheric air pollution in the cities participating in the FP “Clean Air” (Cherepovets, Lipetsk, Omsk, Novokuznetsk) in 2017 before the start of the measures provided for by the Comprehensive Plans to reduce emissions of pollutants into the atmospheric air. The assessment of the public health risk from atmospheric air pollution made it possible to establish: priority compounds contained in industrial emissions, the primary industrial sources and their share contribution, as well as the contribution of motor transport and independent heat supply sources emissions to the formation of pollution levels in cities; the population exposed to unacceptable risk levels were determined; substances that should be taken into account when quoting emissions were identified. The variants of improving the quality of preparation of the initial data of summary calculations for health risk assessment are recommended. Conclusion. There are suggested approaches to improving the quality of preparation of initial data of consolidated calculations for health risk assessment.

scholarly journals Frequency and Prioritization of Patient Health Risks from a Structured Health Risk Assessment

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 505-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Phillips ◽  
R. E. Glasgow ◽  
G. Bello ◽  
M. G. Ory ◽  
B. A. Glenn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Patient Health

Analysis, sources and health risk assessment of trace elements in street dust collected from the city of Hamedan, west of Iran

2022 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Habibi ◽  
Soheil Sobhanardakani ◽  
Mehrdad Cheraghi ◽  
Bahareh Lorestani ◽  
Maryam Kiani Sadr
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Trace Elements ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Street Dust ◽  
The City

Environmental health risks

2013 ◽  
pp. 178-187
Author(s):  
Roscoe Taylor ◽  
Charles Guest
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Environmental Health ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Health Protection ◽  
Health Threat ◽  
Environmental Health Risks ◽  
Environmental Health Risk

This chapter will help you to understand the environmental health in the rapidly changing context of health protection, the usefulness of having a framework for environmental health risk assessment, and the process of identifying, evaluating, and planning a response to an environmental health threat.

scholarly journals Developing a Public Health Risk Assessment Toolkit for Mass Gatherings and Trialling for an International Multi-Sport Mass Gathering Event

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (s1) ◽  
pp. s116-s116
Author(s):  
Ellen Bloomer ◽  
Tina Endericks
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
World Health ◽  
Public Health Risk ◽  
Mass Gatherings

Introduction:Risk assessment for mass gatherings (MGs) is undertaken to enable public health authorities to systematically identify and assess the generic characteristics of an MG, which introduce or enhance particular threats and develop measures to reduce or mitigate these threats. The World Health Organization Collaborating Centres on Mass Gatherings and Global Health Security (WHO CCs) produced a comprehensive guide to MGs called “Public Health for Mass Gatherings: Key Considerations” (KC2). This is being converted into an eLearning resource. A public health risk assessment toolkit is being developed by the WHO CCs to complement and guide organizers in their planning process for the health risks associated with an MG event. Preparations for the Birmingham 2022 Commonwealth Games (BCG) are underway and it is important to involve a public health element in the planning for the BCG.Aim:To develop a public health risk assessment toolkit for MGs and pilot it as part of the planning process for the BCG.Methods:Based on KC2 principles, methods included developing and finalizing a public health risk assessment toolkit for MGs. This study also piloted the toolkit for the BCG.Results:A toolkit will be developed. Key learning will be documented on how the toolkit can be improved. The pilot will identify the key public health risks for the BCG, and assess how to mitigate them.Discussion:The development of this toolkit will be an innovative contribution to the resources available for those organizing MGs. It will support organizers to conduct risk assessments and thus maximize the potential for health from the event. Piloting the toolkit for the BCG is an opportunity for validating it, and provides valuable learning for its use in future events. It will support the risk assessment process for the BCG and share learning regarding the key risks for this event.

scholarly journals Simultaneous Health Risk Assessment of Potentially Toxic Elements in Soils and Sediments of the Guishui River Basin, Beijing

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (22) ◽  
pp. 4539
Author(s):  
Jiankang Wang ◽  
Bo Gao ◽  
Shuhua Yin ◽  
Dongyu Xu ◽  
Laisheng Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Potentially Toxic Elements ◽  
Soils And Sediments ◽  
Basin Scale

Simultaneous ecological and health risk assessments of potentially toxic elements in soils and sediments can provide substantial information on their environmental influence at the river-basin scale. Herein, soil and sediment samples were collected from the Guishui River basin to evaluate the pollution situation and the ecological and health risk of potentially toxic elements. Various indexes were utilized for quantitatively assessing their health risks. Pollution assessment by geo-accumulation index showed that Cd had “uncontaminated to moderately polluted” status in the soils and sediments. Potential ecological risk index showed that the Guishui River basin was at low risk in general, but Cd was classified as “moderate or considerable ecological risk” both in the soils and sediments. Health risk assessment calculated human exposure from soils and indicated that both non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks of the selected potentially toxic elements were lower than the acceptable levels. Health risks posed by potentially toxic elements bio-accumulated in fish, stemming from sediment resuspension, were also assessed. Non-carcinogenic hazard index indicated no adverse health effects on humans via exposure to sediments; however, in general, Cr contributed largely to health risks among the selected potentially toxic elements. Therefore, special attention needs to be paid to the Guishui River basin in the future.

Application of two different health risk assessment approaches to detect soil potentially toxic element induced risk

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gevorg Tepanosyan ◽  
Lilit Sahakyan ◽  
Armen Saghatelyan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Copper Smelter ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Us Epa ◽  
The City

<p>Soils of urbanized and mining areas succeeded the main geochemical features of parent materials, as well as accumulate potentially toxic elements (PTE) from different anthropogenic sources. The latter resulted in the change of soil chemical composition and high level of PTE which may have negative reflection on people’s health. In this study 207 soil samples were collected from the entire territory of the city of Alaverdi hosting Alaverdi copper smelter. After the determination of Fe, Ba, Mn, Co, V, Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr, As and Mo concentrations by XRF the established data set was subjected for the PTE induced health risk assessment. In this study two commonly used health risk assessment approaches - Summary pollution index (Zc) [1]–[3] and Hazard Index (HI, US EPA) [4] were used to assess human health risk posed by the content of studied PTE in soil of Alaverdi city. The result showed that the detected concentrations are mainly the result of superposition of PTE contents introduced into the environment from natural mineralization processes and Alaverdi copper smelter related activities. The health risk assessment showed that the Zc values belonging to the extremely hazardous level has point-like shape and are surrounded by the hazardous and moderately hazardous levels, respectively. Summary pollution index showed that approximately 53 % of the city territory including the residential part is under the risk suggesting the increase in the overall incidence of diseases among frequently ill individuals, functional disorders of the vascular system and children with chronic diseases [1]. The US EPA method were in line with the results of the Zc and indicated that the observed contents of elements are posing non-carcinogenic risk to adult mainly near the copper smelter. In the case of children single-element non-carcinogenic risk values greater than 1 were detected for As, Fe, Co, Cu, Mn, Pb and Mo in 122, 95, 86, 10, 10, 9 and 6 samples out of 207 soil samples and the mean HQ values decrease in the following order: As(2.41)>Fe(1.14)>Co(1.09)> Mn(0.61)>Pb(0.41)>Cu(0.32)>V(0.19)>Mo(0.11)>Cr(0.05)>Ba(0.03)>Zn(0.02). The multi-elemental non-carcinogenic risk observed in the entire territory of the city indicating an adverse health effect to children. The results of this study suggesting the need of immediate risk reduction measures with special attention to arsenic.</p><p><strong>References:</strong></p><p>[1]         E. K. Burenkov and E. P. Yanin, “Ecogeochemical investigations in IMGRE: past, present, future,” Appl. Geochemistry, vol. 2, pp. 5–24, 2001.</p><p>[2]         C. C. Johnson, A. Demetriades, J. Locutura, and R. T. Ottesen, Mapping the Chemical Environment of Urban Areas. 2011.</p><p>[3]         Y. E. Saet, B. A. Revich, and E. P. Yanin, Environmental geochemistry. Nedra, 1990.</p><p>[4]         RAIS, “Risk Exposure Models for Chemicals User’s Guide,” The Risk Assessment Information System, 2020. [Online]. Available: https://rais.ornl.gov/tools/rais_chemical_risk_guide.html. [Accessed: 01-Jan-2020].</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Health Risk Assessment of Groundwater Contaminated by Oil Pollutants Based on Numerical Modeling

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (18) ◽  
pp. 3245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Bai ◽  
Kai Song ◽  
Jian Liu ◽  
Adam Khalifa Mohamed ◽  
Chenya Mou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Numerical Modeling ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Reference Sequence ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Theoretical Support

To provide theoretical support for the protection of dispersed drinking water sources of groundwater, we need to accurately evaluate the time and scope of groundwater pollution hazards to human health. This helps the decision-making process for remediation of polluted soil and groundwater in service stations. In this study, we conducted such an evaluation by coupling numerical modeling with a health risk assessment. During the research, soil and groundwater samples were collected and analyzed for 20 pollutants. Fifty-six percent of the heavy contaminants and 100% of the organic contaminants exhibited maximum values at the location of the oil depot. Gray correlation analysis showed that the correlation between background samples and soil underlying the depot was 0.375–0.567 (barely significant to insignificant). The correlation between the reference sequence of other points was 0.950–0.990 (excellent correlation). The correlation of environmental impact after oil depot leakage followed the order: organic pollutants > heavy metals > inorganic pollutants. The groundwater simulation status and predictions indicated that non-carcinogenic health risks covered 25,462 m2 at the time of investigation, and were predicted to extend to 29,593 m2 after five years and to 39,873 m2 after 10 years. Carcinogenic health risks covered 21,390 m2 at the time of investigation, and were predicted to extend to 40,093 m2 after five years and to 53,488 m2 after 10 years. This study provides theoretical support for the protection of a dispersed drinking water source such as groundwater, and also helps the decision-making process for groundwater and soil environment improvement.

scholarly journals Surface water quality and health risk assessment of Kameng river (Assam, India)

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 1190-1201
Author(s):  
Kunwar Raghvendra Singh ◽  
Ankit Pratim Goswami ◽  
Ajay S. Kalamdhad ◽  
Bimlesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Sampling Site ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Agricultural Runoff

Abstract Present study evaluated the surface water quality of Kameng River (Assam, India). Kameng River is the tributary of the river Brahmaputra, having its confluence at its north bank. Water samples were collected from 9 different locations along the stretch and 24 parameters were analysed. Water quality at all sampling sites was expressed in terms of overall index of pollution (OIP). The OIP of all sampling sites varied between 1.30 and 1.74. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to identify the latent factors influencing the water quality of the river. PCA revealed that domestic wastewater and agricultural runoff were the leading sources causing adulteration of the river's water quality. The degree of contamination of each sampling site due to heavy metals was calculated by the contamination index and an associated human health risk assessment was done by computing average daily intake and Hazard quotient (HQ). The HQ of all sampling sites varied from 0.14 to 1.21. This work presents the reliability and practicability of the integrated use of these approaches in river water quality monitoring and assessment. These methods will be very useful for policy makers for assessing the cause and effect of pollution of water bodies and implementing policies to keep pollution under check.

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