scholarly journals Movement of individual humpback whales between wintering grounds of Oceania (South Pacific), 1999 to 2004

2020 ◽  
pp. 275-282
Author(s):  
Claire Garrigue ◽  
Rochelle Constantine ◽  
Michael Poole ◽  
Nan Hauser ◽  
Phil Clapham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Caledonia ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
South Pacific ◽  
French Polynesia ◽  
American Samoa ◽  
Humpback Whales ◽  
Wintering Grounds ◽  
Breeding Grounds ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
Directional Trend

The movement of individual humpback whales between regional breeding grounds of Oceania (South Pacific) was documented by individualidentification photographs collected from 1999 to 2004. Photographs were collected with comparable effort across the six years in four primaryisland breeding grounds: New Caledonia, Tonga (Vava’u) the Cook Islands and French Polynesia (Mo’orea and Rurutu); with smaller effort inadjacent regions: Vanuatu, Fiji, Samoa, Niue and American Samoa. Interchange among wintering grounds was assessed first with all usablephotographs included in each regional catalogue, representing 1,080 regional sightings (including within-region and between-region resightings)of 949 individual whales from Oceania. From this, 28 cases of movement between (mostly adjacent) regions were documented. Previouslyundocumented interchange was found between regions of central Oceania and the western South Pacific. No individual was sighted in more thantwo regions during this six-year period. The documented movement between regions was one-directional, except for one individual sighted first inFrench Polynesia, then in American Samoa and then back in French Polynesia (each in different years). Only one whale was resighted in more thanone region during the same winter season. No directional trend was apparent and movement between regions did not seem to be sex specific. Asystematic quality control review of all catalogues was then implemented to calculate standardised indices of within-region return and betweenregion interchange, resulting in a quality controlled catalogue of 776 regional sightings of 659 individuals. The standardised indices confirmed thatthe probability of between-region interchange was low, relative to within-region return, supporting the assumption of multiple management unitsor stocks in Oceania. The relative isolation of breeding regions and the movement of individuals across the longitudinal borders of Antarcticmanagement Areas V and VI has important implications for the allocation of historical catches from the Antarctic and therefore, for assessingcurrent levels of recovery for breeding stocks

scholarly journals First assessment of interchange of humpback whales between Oceania and the East coast of Australia

2020 ◽  
pp. 269-274
Author(s):  
Claire Garrigue ◽  
Trish Franklin ◽  
Rochelle Constantine ◽  
Kirsty Russell ◽  
Daniel Burns ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
East Coast ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
South Pacific ◽  
French Polynesia ◽  
American Samoa ◽  
Individual Identification ◽  
Humpback Whales ◽  
Cook Island ◽  
Breeding Grounds

The interchange of individual humpback whales between the wintering grounds of Oceania (South Pacific) and the east coast of Australia weredocumented by individual identification photographs collected from 1999 to 2004. Interchange was assessed using regional catalogues of flukephotographs, totalling 672 individuals from Oceania (represented by New Zealand, New Caledonia, Vanuatu, Fiji, Samoa, Tonga, Niue, Cook Island,French Polynesia and American Samoa) and 1,242 individuals from Hervey Bay and Byron Bay representing the southbound and the northboundmigration along the east coast of Australia (EA). Overall, there were seven documented movements between EA and Oceania. Four instances ofmovement of four individuals were documented between EA and the closest breeding grounds of New Caledonia. A further three movements wererecorded between EA and a small catalogue (n = 13) from the New Zealand migratory corridor. In contrast, during this same period, 20 cases ofinterchange were documented among nine breeding grounds: French Polynesia, Cook Islands, Niue, American Samoa, Samoa, Tonga, Fiji, Vanuatuand New Caledonia. The low level of interchange between Oceania and the east coast of Australia has important implications for understanding thestock structure and abundance of humpback whales in the South Pacific.

scholarly journals Migratory convergence facilitates cultural transmission of humpback whale song

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 190337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare Owen ◽  
Luke Rendell ◽  
Rochelle Constantine ◽  
Michael J. Noad ◽  
Jenny Allen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Transmission ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Vocal Learning ◽  
South Pacific ◽  
Humpback Whales ◽  
Wintering Grounds ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
Acoustic Contact ◽  
Migratory Routes ◽  
And Migration

Cultural transmission of behaviour is important in a wide variety of vertebrate taxa from birds to humans. Vocal traditions and vocal learning provide a strong foundation for studying culture and its transmission in both humans and cetaceans. Male humpback whales ( Megaptera novaeangliae ) perform complex, culturally transmitted song displays that can change both evolutionarily (through accumulations of small changes) or revolutionarily (where a population rapidly adopts a novel song). The degree of coordination and conformity underlying song revolutions makes their study of particular interest. Acoustic contact on migratory routes may provide a mechanism for cultural revolutions of song, yet these areas of contact remain uncertain. Here, we compared songs recorded from the Kermadec Islands, a recently discovered migratory stopover, to multiple South Pacific wintering grounds. Similarities in song themes from the Kermadec Islands and multiple wintering locations (from New Caledonia across to the Cook Islands) suggest a location allowing cultural transmission of song eastward across the South Pacific, active song learning (hybrid songs) and the potential for cultural convergence after acoustic isolation at the wintering grounds. As with the correlations in humans between genes, communication and migration, the migration patterns of humpback whales are written into their songs.

scholarly journals Searching for humpback whales in a historical whaling hotspot of the Coral Sea, South Pacific

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 67-82
Author(s):  
C Garrigue ◽  
S Derville ◽  
C Bonneville ◽  
CS Baker ◽  
T Cheeseman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Protected Area ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
South Pacific ◽  
Humpback Whales ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Breeding Area ◽  
Pristine Area ◽  
Breeding Grounds ◽  
Commercial Whaling

Humpback whales Megaptera novaeangliae were severely depleted by commercial whaling. Understanding key factors in their recovery is a crucial step for their conservation worldwide. In Oceania, the Chesterfield-Bellona archipelago was a primary whaling site in the 19th century, yet has been left almost unaffected by anthropogenic activities since. We present the results of the first multidisciplinary dedicated surveys in the archipelago assessing humpback whale populations 2 centuries post-whaling. We encountered 57 groups during 24 survey days (2016-2017), among which 35 whales were identified using photographs of natural markings (photo-ID), 38 using genotyping and 22 using both. Humpback whales were sparsely distributed (0.041 whales km-1): most sightings concentrated in shallow inner-reef waters and neighbouring offshore shallow banks. The recently created marine protected area covers most of the areas of high predicted habitat suitability and high residence time from satellite-tracked whales. Surprisingly for a breeding area, sex ratios skewed towards females (1:2.4), and 45% of females were with calf. Connectivity was established with the New Caledonia breeding area to the east (mtDNA FST = 0.001, p > 0.05, 12 photo-ID and 10 genotype matches) and with the Australian Great Barrier Reef breeding area to the west (mtDNA FST = 0.006, p > 0.05). Movement of satellite-tracked whales and photo-ID matches also suggest connections with the east Australian migratory corridor. This study confirms that humpback whales still inhabit the Chesterfield-Bellona archipelago 2 centuries post whaling, and that this pristine area potentially plays a role in facilitating migratory interchange among breeding grounds of the western South Pacific.

Cochliobolus heterostrophus. [Distribution map].

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
French Polynesia ◽  
American Samoa ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Marshall Islands ◽  
Cochliobolus Heterostrophus ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Brunei Darussalam

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Cochliobolus heterostrophus (Drechsler) Drechsler Fungi: Ascomycota: Pleosporales Hosts: Maize (Zea mays), also a range of other crops, mostly legumes and cereals. Information is given on the geographical distribution in EUROPE, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Southern, Russia, Spain, Switzerland, Ukraine, Yugoslavia (former), ASIA, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, China, Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hong Kong, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei, Menggu, Shaanxi, Shandong, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang, Christmas, Island, India, Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Delhi, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Lakshadweep, Madhya Pradesh, Meghalaya, Orissa, Punjab, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Indonesia, Irian Jaya, Java, Iran, Israel, Japan, Honshu, Kyushu, Shikoku, North Korea, Korea Republic, Laos, Malaysia, Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah, Sarawak, Myanmar, Nepal, Oman, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam, AFRICA, Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Congo Democratic Republic, Cote d'Ivoire Egypt, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Reunion, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Zambia, Zimbabwe, NORTH AMERICA, Canada, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Quebec, Mexico, USA, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, West Virginia, CENTRAL AMERICA & CARIBBEAN, Bahamas, Belize, Cuba, El Salvador, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Jamaica, Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto Rico, Trinidad and Tobago, SOUTH AMERICA, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Bahia, Mato, Grosso, do Sul, Parana, Colombia, Ecuador, French, Guiana, Guyana, Paraguay, Suriname, Venezuela, OCEANIA, American, Samoa, Australia, New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, Fiji, French, Polynesia, Guam, Marshall, islands, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Niue, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon, Islands, Tonga, Vanuatu.

Mycosphaerella cruenta. [Distribution map].

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
French Polynesia ◽  
American Samoa ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
Brunei Darussalam

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Mycosphaerella cruenta Latham. Ascomycota: Capnodiales. Hosts: beans (Phaseolus sp.) and cowpea (Vigna sp.). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Asia (Bangladesh; Brunei Darussalam; Cambodia; Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hebei, Henan, Hong Kong, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu,, Jiangxi, Jilin, Nei Menggu, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan and Zhejiang, China; Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Delhi, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Madhya Pradesh, Manipur, Orissa, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal, India; Java and Sumatra, Indonesia; Iran; Iraq; Japan; Korea Republic; Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah and Sarawak, Malaysia; Myanmar; Oman; Pakistan; Philippines; Saudi Arabia; Singapore; Sri Lanka; Taiwan; Thailand; and Vietnam), Africa (Angola, Egypt, Ethiopia, Ghana, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda and Zambia), North America (Mexico, and Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, Missouri, New Jersey, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia and Wisconsin, USA), Central America and Caribbean (Barbados, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Grenada, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto Rico, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, and United States Virgin Islands), South America (Argentina; Bolivia; Bahia, Ceara, Minas Gerais and Para, Brazil; Colombia; Guyana; Suriname; and Venezuela) and Oceania (American Samoa; Queensland, Australia; Fiji; French Polynesia; Nauru; New Caledonia; Papua new Guinea; Samoa; Solomon Islands; and Tonga).

Colletotrichum dematium. [Distribution map].

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
South Carolina ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
French Polynesia ◽  
American Samoa ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for C. dematium (Pers.) Grove. Ascomycota: Sordariomycetidae. Hosts: Plurivorous. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (Austria, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Malta, Poland, Romania, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK), Asia (Bangladesh, China, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hong Kong, Shaanxi, India, Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Japan, Korea Republic, Laos, Malaysia, Sabah, Nepal, Pakistan, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Taiwan), Africa (Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe), North America (Canada, Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Quebec, Saskatchewan, USA, California, Colorado, Florida, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Maryland, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Texas, Vermont, Virginia, Washington), Central America and Caribbean (Barbados, Cuba, El Salvador, Guatemala, Jamaica, Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto Rico, Trinidad and Tobago, United States, Virgin Islands), South America (Argentina, Brazil, Maranhao, Chile, Guyana, Peru, Venezuela), Oceania (American Samoa, Australia, New South Wales, Northern Territory, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia, Fiji, French Polynesia, Guam, Kiribati, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Niue, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu).

Thrips palmi. [Distribution map].

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
French Polynesia ◽  
American Samoa ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
Brunei Darussalam ◽  
Thrips Palmi

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Thrips palmi Karny Thysanoptera: Thripidae Attacks mainly Cucurbitaceae and Solanaceae. Information is given on the geographical distribution in EUROPE, Czech Republic, Finland, Netherlands, UK, ASIA, Bangladesh, Brunei Darussalam, China, Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Hong Kong, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang, India, Andhra Pradesh, Delhi, Haryana, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Orissa, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Indonesia, Java, Sumatra, Japan, Honshu, Kyushu, Ryukyu Archipelago, Shikoku, Korea Democratic People's Republic, Korea Republic, Malaysia, Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah, Sarawak, Myanmar, Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, AFRICA, Mauritius, Nigeria, Reunion, Sudan, NORTH AMERICA, USA, Florida, Hawaii, CENTRAL AMERICA & CARIBBEAN, Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, British Virgin Islands, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Haiti, Jamaica, Martinique, Puerto Rico, St Kitts-Nevis, St Lucia, St Vincent and Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, SOUTH AMERICA, Brazil, Goias, Sao Paulo, Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana, Venezuela, OCEANIA, American Samoa, Australia, Northern Territory, Queensland, Fed. States of Micronesia, French Polynesia, Guam, New Caledonia, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Wallis and Futuna Islands.

Parasaissetia nigra. [Distribution map].

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
French Polynesia ◽  
American Samoa ◽  
Virgin Islands ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Brunei Darussalam ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Parasaissetia nigra (Nietner) Homoptera: Coccoidea: Coccidae Attacks a wide range of crops, fruit trees and ornamental plants. Information is given on the geographical distribution in EUROPE, Portugal, Azores, Madeira, Spain, Canary Islands, ASIA, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei Darussalam, China, Yunnan, Hong Kong, India, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Assam, Bihar, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Punjab, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Indonesia, Java, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Israel, Japan, Ryukyu Archipelago, Lao, Malaysia, Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah, Sarawak, Maldives, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam, Yemen, AFRICA, Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Egypt, Eritrea, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Reunion, Sao Tome & Principe, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, South Africa, St Helena, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe, NORTH AMERICA, Mexico, USA, Alabama, California, Florida, Hawaii, Kansas, Louisiana, Maryland, Missouri, New Mexico, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Texas, Virginia, CENTRAL AMERICA & CARIBBEAN, Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto Rico, St Lucia, St Vincent and Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, United States Virgin Islands, SOUTH AMERICA, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Minas Gerais, Rio Grande do Sul, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru, Venezuela, OCEANIA, American Samoa, Australia, New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, Victoria, Western Australia, Cocos Islands, Cook Islands, Fed. Stales of Micronesia, Fiji, French Polynesia, Guam, Kiribati, Nauru, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Niue, Norfolk Island, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Samoan Islands, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Wallis and Futuna Islands.

The Decolonisation of the Pacific Islands

Itinerario ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 24 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 173-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Aldrich
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
The United States ◽  
French Polynesia ◽  
American Samoa ◽  
Caroline Islands ◽  
Foreign Control

At the end of the Second World War, the islands of Polynesia, Melanesia and Micronesia were all under foreign control. The Netherlands retained West New Guinea even while control of the rest of the Dutch East Indies slipped away, while on the other side of the South Pacific, Chile held Easter Island. Pitcairn, the Gilbert and Ellice Islands, Fiji and the Solomon Islands comprised Britain's Oceanic empire, in addition to informal overlordship of Tonga. France claimed New Caledonia, the French Establishments in Oceania (soon renamed French Polynesia) and Wallis and Futuna. The New Hebrides remained an Anglo-French condominium; Britain, Australia and New Zealand jointly administered Nauru. The United States' territories included older possessions – the Hawaiian islands, American Samoa and Guam – and the former Japanese colonies of the Northern Marianas, Mar-shall Islands and Caroline Islands administered as a United Nations trust territory. Australia controlled Papua and New Guinea (PNG), as well as islands in the Torres Strait and Norfolk Island; New Zealand had Western Samoa, the Cook Islands, Niue and Tokelau. No island group in Oceania, other than New Zealand, was independent.

scholarly journals Preface: The Oligotrophy to the UlTra-oligotrophy PACific Experiment (OUTPACE cruise, 18 February to 3 April 2015)

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3207-3220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thierry Moutin ◽  
Andrea Michelangelo Doglioli ◽  
Alain de Verneil ◽  
Sophie Bonnet
Keyword(s):  
Biological Diversity ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Austral Summer ◽  
South Pacific ◽  
Adaptive Strategy ◽  
French Polynesia ◽  
Biogenic Elements ◽  
General Context ◽  
Western Boundary ◽  
South Pacific Ocean

Abstract. The overall goal of OUTPACE (Oligotrophy to UlTra-oligotrophy PACific Experiment) was to obtain a successful representation of the interactions between planktonic organisms and the cycle of biogenic elements in the western tropical South Pacific Ocean across trophic and N2 fixation gradients. Within the context of climate change, it is necessary to better quantify the ability of the oligotrophic ocean to sequester carbon through biological processes. OUTPACE was organized around three main objectives, which were (1) to perform a zonal characterization of the biogeochemistry and biological diversity of the western tropical South Pacific during austral summer conditions, (2) to study the production and fate of organic matter (including carbon export) in three contrasting trophic regimes (increasing oligotrophy) with a particular emphasis on the role of dinitrogen fixation, and (3) to obtain a representation of the main biogeochemical fluxes and dynamics of the planktonic trophic network. The international OUTPACE cruise took place between 18 February and 3 April 2015 aboard the RV L'Atalante and involved 60 scientists (30 onboard). The west–east transect covered  ∼  4000 km from the western part of the Melanesian archipelago (New Caledonia) to the western boundary of the South Pacific gyre (French Polynesia). Following an adaptive strategy, the transect initially designed along the 19° S parallel was adapted along-route to incorporate information coming from satellite measurements of sea surface temperature, chlorophyll a concentration, currents, and diazotroph quantification. After providing a general context and describing previous work done in this area, this introductory paper elucidates the objectives of OUTPACE, the implementation plan of the cruise and water mass and climatological characteristics and concludes with a general overview of the other papers that will be published in this special issue.

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