The current species composition and analysis of the formation ways of the bark beetles fauna (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in the Northern Cis-Azov region

2017 ◽  
pp. 80-93
Author(s):  
T.V. Nikulina ◽  
V.V. Martynov
2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 2579-2588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Jankowiak

The study identified and measured frequency of fungal species associated with Tomicus minor (Hart.) on Pinus sylvestris L. (Scots pine) in Poland. Additionally, fungal succession in P. sylvestris sapwood was investigated during a 12 week period following an attack by this insect. Fungi were isolated from five populations of overwintered adult beetles and their galleries with 59 species of fungi being represented among the 2880 cultures obtained. The most frequent species, Ophiostoma canum (Münch) Syd. & P. Syd., Hormonema dematioides Lagerb. & Melin, and Ambrosiella tingens (Lagerb. & Melin) L.R. Batra, appeared to be specifically associated with T. minor. The succesional changes in species composition during a 12 week period following an attack by T. minor were observed. The pattern of fungal succession in P. sylvestris sapwood essentially agreed with a general scheme of fungal succession in tree sapwood infested by bark beetles. Ambrosiella tingens was the first invader of sapwood and occurred most frequently in its deeper layers. Ophiostoma canum, H. dematioides, and other molds were also often isolated from the sapwood; however, they were most common at a depth of 5 mm during the initial phase of fungal colonization. Later, Ophiostoma canum followed A. tingens in the sapwood invasion.


2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1(48)) ◽  
pp. 73-88
Author(s):  
S. V. Mezhzherin ◽  
S. V. Kokodii ◽  
D. S. Lutsenko ◽  
А. О. Tsyba

Inroduction. Changes in the species composition and population size of freshwater fihes are determined by deformations of the habitat in Ukraine and are characterized by a pronounced negative dynamics. Deformation of ichthyofauna is caused by extinction of a number of aboriginal fihes and emergence of alien species.Aim. To establish the current species composition and relative population size of fih species in the Oster River and the dynamics of these characteristics over a 50-yearlong period in the context of negative transformations of the ichthyofauna of the rivers of Ukraine.Results. Comparative study of the species composition and relative population size of fih species in the fih catches by small-river fihing gear in the Oster river was conducted during the period since 1971-72 till 2019. During this time considerable changes in species composition took place. The following species disappeared from the catches: Leuciscus leuciscus, Leuciscus idus, Chondrostoma nasus, Carassius carassius, Blicca bojerkna and Neogobius flviatilis, they were replaced by three invasion species (Percottus glenni, Pseudorasbora parva, Proterorhinus marmoratus). The changes in the dominant species took place, thus, in the Oster ichthyocene the species with the short life cycle started to prevail, the share of invasion species increased from 1.4 to 37%, and the share of initial marine fih among them is very low. The comparison with the river systems of the Stugna and the Lower Dnipro represents the fact that the mentioned negative tendencies are common for the whole Dnipro system, however the situation in the Lower Dnipro must be considered less critical than in the Oster and the Stugna rivers. The fact that the catches of industrial fih decreased more than 10 times in the Desna river during this period of time gives the reason to consider that the dramatic reduction of the absolute number of their populations occurred in the Oster river as well. That is why even relatively safe species (Abramis brama, Rutilus ritilus, Scardinius erythrophthalmus, Esox lucius, Perca flviatilis, Alburnus alburnus, Squalius cephalus) are in critical situation in this transformed river system.Сonclusions. In the ichthyocene of the Oster River over a 50-year period there have been signifiant changes in species composition, relative and absolute population numbers associated with the extinction and reduction of population sizes of rheophilic species and fih that are adapted to life in the flodplain. The modern Oster River is dominated by invasive and short-cycle species. The obtained tendencies in the dynamics of the ichthyofauna of the Oster River are similar to the nature of changes in other river systems of Ukraine, although they occur at a faster pace, which is characteristic of the smallest plain rivers.


2007 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
William B. Leak

Abstract Four 5-ac demonstration harvests were initiated in 1951 on the Bartlett Experimental Forest, New Hampshire: light selection, moderate selection, diameter limit, and liquidation. In 1952 and 1959, regeneration surveys were conducted that measured several different attributes of the seedlings and saplings in the cutover stands. In 2005, the stands were remeasured to determine the relationships of the various regeneration measures to current species composition of the pole-timber portion of the stands. Although predictions were somewhat variable and imperfect, the best measures for shade-tolerant species were those that took account of the sapling layer, and measures based on the dominant stem per small plot were best for less-tolerant species. Combining both attributes, these results suggest that the best approach would be a small-plot survey (milacre or slightly larger) that simply records the dominant stem per plot including stems up through the sapling size classes (less than 4.5-in. dbh). This could be taken before harvest, to predict the effects of a light partial cut, or 5–7 years after harvest, to predict future species composition after any harvest intensity.


Author(s):  
Н.А. Цуварёва ◽  
Д.Д. Буй ◽  
И.А. Мельничук ◽  
А.В. Селиховкин

Предлагается использование системы Tree Talker мониторинга в сочетании с традиционными методами фитопатологического и энтомологического мониторинга для обеспечения своевременного обнаружения изменения состояния насаждений Санкт-Петербурга и выявления ключевых факторов экологического стресса. Разнообразная ведомственная принадлежность и широкий видовой состав насаждений города, а также наличие многочисленных экологических факторов, негативно влияющих на состояние деревьев, появление инвазионных патогенов и вредителей создают плохо прогнозируемые ситуации. Появление инвазионных вредителей и патогенов, таких как возбудитель голландской болезни гриб-аскомицет Ophiostoma novo-ulmi и его распространители – короеды-заболонники, ещё один аскомицет, гриб Hymenoscyphus fraxineus и ясеневая изумрудная узкотелая златка Agrilus planipennis, привело к массовой гибели вязов и ясеней, в том числе из-за несвоевременного обнаружения этих патогенов и вредителей. В условиях разобщенности системы управления городскими насаждениями из-за разной ведомственной принадлежности, мозаичного расположения, видового разнообразия и специфичности видового состава древесных растений, а также требований к оперативному принятию решений, использование Tree Talker технологий становится весьма перспективным. Эти технологии позволяют обеспечить оперативное получение, передачу и анализ данных по суточной и сезонной динамике физиологических параметров, устойчивости деревьев к ветровым нагрузкам с учётом породы, возраста и размеров. Интегрирование полученных данных позволяет оценить эффективность насаждений в целом по созданию микроклимата, динамике отклонений по вертикали, эффективности санитарно-оздоровительных мероприятий. В итоге, получение оперативной информации позволяет своевременно обнаружить неблагоприятные изменения как у отдельных деревьев, так и в структуре насаждений и провести анализ причин этих изменений, в особенности в отношении появления биологических угроз насаждения – распространению опасных патогенов и размножению вредителей. It is proposed to use the Tree Talker monitoring system in combination with traditional methods of phytopathological and entomological monitoring to ensure timely detection of changes in the state of plantations in St. Petersburg and identify key factors of environmental stress. Diverse departmental affiliation and a wide species composition of the city's plantations, as well as the presence of numerous environmental factors that negatively affect the condition of trees, the appearance of invasive pathogens and pests create poorly predictable situations. The emergence of invasive pests and pathogens, such as the causative agent of the Dutch elm disease, the Ascomycete fungi Ophiostoma novo-ulmi and its spreaders – the sapwood bark beetles, another Ascomycete, the Hymenoscyphus fraxineus fungus, and the Emerald ash borer Agrilus planipennis in including due to late detection of these pathogens and pests. In the context of the disunity of the management system of urban plantings due to different departmental affiliation, mosaic location, species diversity and specificity of the species composition of woody plants, as well as requirements for prompt decision-making, the use of Tree Talker technologies becomes very promising. These technologies allow for the prompt receipt, transmission and analysis of data on the daily and seasonal dynamics of physiological parameters, the resistance of trees to wind loads, taking into account the species, age and size. Integration of the obtained data allows us to evaluate the effectiveness of plantings in general in terms of creating a microclimate, the dynamics of vertical deviations, and the effectiveness of sanitary and recreational activities. As a result, obtaining operational information allows us to timely detect unfavorable changes both in individual trees and in the structure of plantings and to analyze the causes of these changes, especially in relation to the emergence of biological threats to the plantation – the spread of dangerous pathogens and the reproduction of pests.


Ecosystems ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 643-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Scheller ◽  
Alec M. Kretchun ◽  
E. Louise Loudermilk ◽  
Matthew D. Hurteau ◽  
Peter J. Weisberg ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
B. B Osmonali ◽  
P. V Vesselova ◽  
G. M. Kudabayeva

Representatives of the Chenopodiaceae Vent. family are the hallmark of the flora of the desert regionsof Kazakhstan, as they far outnumber other leading families. Moreover, this applies not only to the flora of the mountainousterritories, but also to the flora of the river valleys, in particular, the flora of the wide valley of the Syrdarya river. Thepredominance of Chenopodiaceae is due to the excellent adaptability of its species to desert conditions. Quite a few speciesof Chenopodiaceae are dominant plant communities, especially in the middle deserts of the North Turan province. Amongthem there are many species that have useful properties (forage, landscape, medicinal, etc.). The aim of the work was toidentify the current species composition of the Chenopodiaceae family (Amaranthaceae Juss.) of the flora of the desertpart of the Syrdarya river valley. Classical botanical methods were used in the research process. As a result of the conductedstudies, the modern species composition of the Chenopodiaceae family of the studied territory, consisting of 112 speciesfrom 38 genera, was revealed. The three largest genera include genera: Salsola–17 species, Atriplex–15 species, Suaeda–11species. The remaining genera contain from 6 to 1 species. Genera represented by a small number of species predominate(26 genera of 1–2 species each).


2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-68
Author(s):  
Rauza Abdukerim ◽  
Georgy Lednev ◽  
Miloš Trýzna ◽  
Pavel Ryšánek ◽  
Miroslav Zouhar

2004 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaljo Voolma ◽  
Mikhail Mandelshtam ◽  
Alexander Shcherbakov ◽  
Eugene Yakovlev ◽  
Heino Õunap ◽  
...  

Along-term faunistic study of bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), conducted in Estonia, as well as in Karelia, Leningrad (St. Petersburg) and Murmansk provinces of Russia, enables a comparison of the species composition of bark beetles in the regions bordering Finland. Altogether the distribution patterns of 83 species of scolytids are examined. The northern borders of the distribution range for Scolytus scolytus, S. multistriatus, S. laevis, Hylastes ater, H. opacus, Orthotomicus longicollis, Pityogenes trepanatus, Ips amitinus and Cryphalus abietis in Northern Europe are redefined. The list of bark beetles for Estonia and North- Western Russia (Karelia, Leningrad and Murmansk provinces) with their occurrence in some biogeographical provinces of Fennoscandia (Ik, Kl, Kon, Ks, Kk, Lim) is given. Recent records of bark beetles, endangered or rare in Finland, and their current distribution in the neighbouring regions are discussed.


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