Work of Libraries with the Older Generation: Experience of Germany, Canada and Australia

The article highlights the experience of libraries working with older generation users in certain foreign countries faced with the modern demographic problem - the aging of the population: Germany, Canada and Australia. The modern forms of work of libraries of these countries with the elderly, which are of interest to Russian libraries, are identified and characterized. Difficulties in the work of foreign libraries with the older generation during the COVID-19 pandemic are separately noted. The authors come to the conclusion, that despite the differences in location, size, departmental affiliation, quantity and quality of the fund, and so on, many libraries in developed countries face the same problem - the increasing number of elderly readers and reconstruct their work in accordance with the new demographic and socio-cultural situation, which requires libraries to develop special services to save the cultural capital of older generations.

HISTORICAL APPROACH TO RE-EXAMINATION OF TECHNICAL EQUIPMENT FOR RESCUE FROM HEIGHT IN FIRE SERVICE UNITS

В статье рассмотрена историческая перспектива изменения нормативного подхода к периодическому освидетельствованию средств спасения с высоты. Глубина обзора не превышает 37 лет. Область обзора ограничена ведомственной принадлежностью к пожарной охране. The article discusses the historical perspective of changing the normative approach to periodic inspection of equipment for rescue from height. The depth of survey does not exceed 37 years. The scope of survey is limited by the departmental affiliation to fire service.

Monitoring the state of St. Petersburg tree plantations: modern and traditional approaches

Предлагается использование системы Tree Talker мониторинга в сочетании с традиционными методами фитопатологического и энтомологического мониторинга для обеспечения своевременного обнаружения изменения состояния насаждений Санкт-Петербурга и выявления ключевых факторов экологического стресса. Разнообразная ведомственная принадлежность и широкий видовой состав насаждений города, а также наличие многочисленных экологических факторов, негативно влияющих на состояние деревьев, появление инвазионных патогенов и вредителей создают плохо прогнозируемые ситуации. Появление инвазионных вредителей и патогенов, таких как возбудитель голландской болезни гриб-аскомицет Ophiostoma novo-ulmi и его распространители – короеды-заболонники, ещё один аскомицет, гриб Hymenoscyphus fraxineus и ясеневая изумрудная узкотелая златка Agrilus planipennis, привело к массовой гибели вязов и ясеней, в том числе из-за несвоевременного обнаружения этих патогенов и вредителей. В условиях разобщенности системы управления городскими насаждениями из-за разной ведомственной принадлежности, мозаичного расположения, видового разнообразия и специфичности видового состава древесных растений, а также требований к оперативному принятию решений, использование Tree Talker технологий становится весьма перспективным. Эти технологии позволяют обеспечить оперативное получение, передачу и анализ данных по суточной и сезонной динамике физиологических параметров, устойчивости деревьев к ветровым нагрузкам с учётом породы, возраста и размеров. Интегрирование полученных данных позволяет оценить эффективность насаждений в целом по созданию микроклимата, динамике отклонений по вертикали, эффективности санитарно-оздоровительных мероприятий. В итоге, получение оперативной информации позволяет своевременно обнаружить неблагоприятные изменения как у отдельных деревьев, так и в структуре насаждений и провести анализ причин этих изменений, в особенности в отношении появления биологических угроз насаждения – распространению опасных патогенов и размножению вредителей. It is proposed to use the Tree Talker monitoring system in combination with traditional methods of phytopathological and entomological monitoring to ensure timely detection of changes in the state of plantations in St. Petersburg and identify key factors of environmental stress. Diverse departmental affiliation and a wide species composition of the city's plantations, as well as the presence of numerous environmental factors that negatively affect the condition of trees, the appearance of invasive pathogens and pests create poorly predictable situations. The emergence of invasive pests and pathogens, such as the causative agent of the Dutch elm disease, the Ascomycete fungi Ophiostoma novo-ulmi and its spreaders – the sapwood bark beetles, another Ascomycete, the Hymenoscyphus fraxineus fungus, and the Emerald ash borer Agrilus planipennis in including due to late detection of these pathogens and pests. In the context of the disunity of the management system of urban plantings due to different departmental affiliation, mosaic location, species diversity and specificity of the species composition of woody plants, as well as requirements for prompt decision-making, the use of Tree Talker technologies becomes very promising. These technologies allow for the prompt receipt, transmission and analysis of data on the daily and seasonal dynamics of physiological parameters, the resistance of trees to wind loads, taking into account the species, age and size. Integration of the obtained data allows us to evaluate the effectiveness of plantings in general in terms of creating a microclimate, the dynamics of vertical deviations, and the effectiveness of sanitary and recreational activities. As a result, obtaining operational information allows us to timely detect unfavorable changes both in individual trees and in the structure of plantings and to analyze the causes of these changes, especially in relation to the emergence of biological threats to the plantation – the spread of dangerous pathogens and the reproduction of pests.

Women's Institutes in Imperial Russia in the wording of the normative documents (1764 – early XX century): terms, typology, dates

The subject of this research is the foundation of women’s education system in the Russian Empire, namely of the Office of the Institutions of Empress Maria, which totaled up to three dozen by the early XX century. Actualization of the knowledge about the best examples of the Russian school in the past is determined by the fundamental importance of education in the context of ongoing modernization of the country. The topic of Women's institutes of Imperial Russia, which existed for over 150 years, is poorly studied. Despite the extensive source base, in the historical literature one can often come across improper names of the institutes, determination of their departmental affiliation, class composition of the students, as well as incorrect dating and topography. Using the historical-systemic and typological analysis, the author determines and clarifies the conceptual framework of the problematic as a necessary research toolset. The author's contribution to selected topic consists in discovery of a wide variety of sources, including those introduced into the scientific discourse for the first time, accurate names of the institutes and variations in the official documents and everyday practice., their renaming and the causes. The article also traces the dynamics of changes in the class and confessional composition of students since the establishment of the institutes until the beginning of the XX century. Subordination and departmental affiliation at different stages of the history of these institutes is clarified.

The Subject and Limits of Penitentiary Supervision of the Prosecutor’s Office

Penitentiary supervision of the prosecutor’s office within the framework of supervision over the implementation of laws covers the activities of: federal sectoral executive bodies that exercise penitentiary isolation (their departmental affiliation is different: the RF Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, the RF Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, the Border Service of the RF Federal Security Service, the RF Ministry of Defense, the RF Ministry of Health); control bodies in the system of the above-mentioned bodies and agencies; officials of these bodies and agencies; subjects of public monitoring of the observance of human rights in detention facilities and assistance to persons held in places of detention. Within the framework of a special branch – the prosecutor’s supervision over the execution of laws by administrations of bodies and facilities executing punishments and measures of a coercive nature imposed by the court, and by administrations of places holding detained persons and those in custody – the prosecutor’s supervision, in terms of the circle of persons, covers: activities of administrations of penitentiary bodies and facilities, as well as activities of these bodies and facilities. The final conclusion is the provision that, according to the types of supervised activities, the subject of penitentiary supervision is limited to the activities of these supervised persons based on criminal procedural, criminal and penal legal relations arising in the course of and in connection with the execution of measures of forced isolation.

The Changing Influence of Journal Data Sharing Policies on Local RDM Practices

The purpose of this study was to examine changes in research data deposit policies of highly ranked journals in the physical and applied sciences between 2014 and 2016, as well as to develop an approach to examining the institutional impact of deposit requirements. Policies from the top ten journals (ranked by impact factor from the Journal Citation Reports) were examined in 2014 and again in 2016 in order to determine if data deposits were required or recommended, and which methods of deposit were listed as options. For all 2016 journals with a required data deposit policy, publication information (2009-2015) for the University of Toronto was pulled from Scopus and departmental affiliation was determined for each article. The results showed that the number of high-impact journals in the physical and applied sciences requiring data deposit is growing. In 2014, 71.2% of journals had no policy, 14.7% had a recommended policy, and 13.9% had a required policy (n=836). In contrast, in 2016, there were 58.5% with no policy, 19.4% with a recommended policy, and 22.0% with a required policy (n=880). It was also evident that U of T chemistry researchers are by far the most heavily affected by these journal data deposit requirements, having published 543 publications, representing 32.7% of all publications in the titles requiring data deposit in 2016. The Python scripts used to retrieve institutional publications based on a list of ISSNs have been released on GitHub so that other institutions can conduct similar research.

Departmental Influences on Interdepartmental Cooperation in Daily Newspapers

A survey of Ohio daily newspaper department heads shows that interdepartmental differences about cooperation exist. Managers do positively distinguish their departments from others while agreeing on the role of goals in interdepartmental troubles. And how much cooperation a manager believes is needed - as well as the perception of which departments are or are not cooperative-depends on, to some degree, what department that manager manages. Still, departmental affiliation plays a negligible role in determining existing levels of cooperation. News managers generally named advertising as the most difficult department, while advertising said the same about news. Circulation was named most cooperative department.

Law Enforcement Officers' Attitudes about the Appropriate Responses to Woman Battering

The debate over the appropriate police response to cases of battered women has intensified over the last two decades, with the majority of the research focusing on the deterrent aspect of pro-arrest policies. By contrast, this study is an examination of 324 law enforcement officers' reported attitudes and preferences regarding arrest and mediation and attitudes about battering victims and offenders. Overall, the findings include far more support for mediation than arrest, and a general tendency of officers to view women claiming to have been battered as non-credible and unworthy of police time. The variable that most strikingly differentiates officers is departmental affiliation, followed by race and sex. These findings affirm the plight of battered women when appealing to the police for assistance, as well as the importance of the departmental orientation and subculture in terms of predicting police response.