scholarly journals Spectrum of central nervous system infections in neurosciences hospital in two years : a retrospective study

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-73
Author(s):  
Aiyar Shakir Jawad
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Tuberculous Meningitis ◽  
Viral Encephalitis ◽  
Viral Meningitis ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Focal Neurological Deficit ◽  
Cns Infections

Background :Infectious disorders in general have high morbidity and mortality.. CNS infections include many disorders like bacterial meningitis, tuberculous and other subacute and chronic meningitis, viral meningitis, cerebral abscess, spinal cord infections, and others.Objective: To assess our locality about prevalence of CNS infections , to have more awareness regarding CNS infections, and to try to find the proper way to reduce their prevalence and to treat them in appropriate way.Method :We revised the records of all the cases of CNS infections excluding cases of spinal cord infections who were admitted in the wards of neuroscience hospital over the previous two years ( from July/2010 to June 2012 ),those were 132 cases.Seasonal incidenceand other clinical aspects and other parameters like age , sex, , fever are extracted and recordedResults: The most common CNS infections in sequence from the most to the least were bacterial meningitis, viral encephalitis, tuberculous meningitis, viral meningitis, and cerebral abscess.The most common age group which is affected by CNS infections was below 10 years.Males are affected more than females taking in consideration all types of infection.P values were statistically significant for age, fever, signs of meningeal irritation, focal neurological deficit, and seizures.Conclusion : The total rate of admission of CNS infections in our series was lower than other study.The most frequent type of CNS infections was bacterial meningitis which is the same as most of the studies.Males are affected more than females in our study in all types of CNS infections, this was approximate to other studies except for tuberculous meningitis.Bacterial meningitis and viral encephalitis were more common in preschool children in our study.Fever rate in bacterial and tuberculous meningitis was different from other studies.Seizure rate in bacterial meningitis and viral encephalitis was approximate to other results.Rate of focal deficit in viral encephalitis and tuberculous meningitis was different from other studies.Rate of CSF protein elevation in all CNS infections was approximate to other studies.Rate of hypoglycorrhachia was different from other studies only in tuberculous meningitis.CSF pleocytosis was approximate to other studies in all types of CNS infections.The two most common types of CNS infections , bacterial meningitis and viral encephalitis, are more common in preschool age groups.

Neurology

2021 ◽  
pp. 383-444
Author(s):  
Nguyen Thi Hoang Mai ◽  
Mary Warrell ◽  
Charles Newton ◽  
Diana Lockwood
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Status Epilepticus ◽  
Peripheral Neuropathy ◽  
Intracranial Pressure ◽  
Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Viral Meningitis ◽  
Acute Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Extradural Haematoma ◽  
Raised Intracranial Pressure ◽  
Subdural Haemorrhage

Impaired consciousness, Headache, Raised intracranial pressure, Acute bacterial meningitis, Epidemic meningococcal disease, Viral meningitis, Chronic meningitis, Encephalitis, Rabies, Tetanus, Stroke, Subarachnoid haemorrhage, Subdural haemorrhage, Extradural haematoma, Blackouts/syncope, Space-occupying lesions (SOL), Brain abscess, Hydrocephalus, Epilepsy, Status epilepticus, Cysticercosis, Weak legs and spinal cord disease, Guillain-Barré syndrome, Poliomyelitis (polio), Peripheral neuropathy, Leprosy, Dementia

The association between serum sodium levels and tuberculous meningitis compared to viral and bacterial meningitis: Multicenter retrospective cohort study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seunghee Na ◽  
Taewon Kim ◽  
In-Uk Song ◽  
Sung-Woo Chung ◽  
Seong-Hoon Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Tuberculous Meningitis ◽  
Serum Sodium ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Viral Meningitis ◽  
Lower Serum ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Additional Information

Abstract We evaluated the association between hyponatremia and tuberculous meningitis (TBM) in hopes of providing additional information for the differential diagnosis of TBM from other types of infectious meningitis, especially from viral meningitis (VM). Cross-sectional and longitudinal data involving 5,026 participants more than 18 years of age were analyzed in the total population and the propensity-matched population. The initial and lowest sodium levels and longitudinal changes in TBM, VM, and bacterial meningitis (BM) patients were compared. The initial serum sodium levels were significantly lower in the TBM patients than in the VM and BM patients (136.9 ± 5.9 vs. 139.0 ± 3.1, p < 0.001 for TBM vs. VM, and 138.3 ± 4.7 mmol/L and p < 0.001 for TBM vs. BM) and it dropped significantly more steeply to lower levels in both the TBM and BM patients compared to the VM patients. Consequently, the lowest serum sodium levels were in the order of the TBM < BM < VM patients, which were also statistically significant in all subgroups. (131.8 ± 6.4, 133.1 ± 5.1, 137.4 ± 3.7, respectively, p < 0.001). The participants with lower serum sodium levels were more likely to have a diagnosis of TBM rather than VM, and this association was more pronounced for the lowest sodium levels than the initial sodium levels (OR 8.4 (95% CI: 4.5–15.8, p < 0.001)). The baseline and longitudinal evaluation of serum sodium levels can provide supportive information for the differential diagnosis of TBM from VM or BM.

scholarly journals The association between serum sodium level and tuberculous meningitis compared with viral and bacterial meningitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seunghee Na ◽  
Taewon Kim ◽  
In-Uk Song ◽  
Sung-Woo Chung ◽  
Seong-Hoon Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Tuberculous Meningitis ◽  
Serum Sodium ◽  
Sodium Level ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Serum Sodium Level ◽  
Viral Meningitis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Additional Information

AbstractWe evaluated the association between hyponatremia and tuberculous meningitis (TBM) with the aim of providing additional information for differential diagnosis from other types of infectious meningitis, especially viral meningitis (VM). Cross-sectional and longitudinal data involving 5026 participants older than 18 years were analyzed in the total population and a propensity-matched population. The initial and lowest sodium levels and longitudinal changes in TBM, bacterial meningitis (BM), and VM patients were compared. Participants in the TBM group were enrolled when they were diagnosed as possible, probable, or definite TBM according to the Marais’ criteria. The initial serum sodium level was significantly lower in TBM patients than in BM and VM patients (136.9 ± 5.9 vs. 138.3 ± 4.7 mmol/L, p < 0.001 for TBM vs. BM, and 139.0 ± 3.1, p < 0.001 for TBM vs. VM), and it decreased significantly more steeply to lower levels in both the TBM and BM patients compared with VM patients. The lowest serum sodium level was in the order of TBM < BM < VM patients, and the change was statistically significant in all subgroups (131.8 ± 6.4, 133.1 ± 5.1, 137.4 ± 3.7, respectively, p < 0.001). Participants with lower serum sodium level were more likely to have a diagnosis of TBM rather than VM, and this association was more pronounced for the lowest sodium level than the initial sodium level [OR 4.6 (95% CI 2.4–8.8, p < 0.001)]. These findings indicate that baseline and longitudinal evaluation of serum sodium level can provide information for differential diagnosis of TBM from BM or VM.

Delayed Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury In Young: A Case Report

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Joshua Sutikno
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Morbidity Rate ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Traditional Treatment ◽  
Delayed Treatment ◽  
Cord Injury

Background: Spinal cord injury (SCI), one of the problems caused by traffic accidents, has a high morbidity in developing country like Indonesia. In Indonesia, the use of motorcycles is increasing every year. The epidemiological data from Fatmawati Hospital of spinal cord injury in 2014 was 104 cases both traumatic and non-traumatic SCI. In this case, a young boy with worsening of SCI, delayed the treatment for about 3 months.Case: A 19 years-old male complained of limbs paralysis for the past two weeks. He felt numbness and tingling in hamstring and calf areas. From past medical history, he had a motorcycle accident 3 months prior. After the accident, he suffered from extreme low back pain, but he could still move his legs. Due to economic restrictions, the patient refused to go to the hospital, and they chose a traditional treatment. For about three months, the pain was decreasing, but he was never pain-free. As the symptoms continued to worsen, the neurosurgeon decided to decompress the spinal cord and performed discectomy. After a week of treatment, the pain disappeared, motor muscle got better, and he could feel again the sensation on the dermatome of S1. Conclusion: Early treatment is recommended to get a better outcome. The surgery is not the only treatment, rehabilitation and orthotics using are important too. Delayed treatment increases morbidity rate.

scholarly journals A multicentre follow-up of clinical aspects of traumatic spinal cord injury

Spinal Cord ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 404-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
M C Pagliacci ◽  
◽  
M Franceschini ◽  
B Di Clemente ◽  
M Agosti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Cord Injury

Neurotrophin-3 Levels in Cerebrospinal Fluid From Children With Bacterial Meningitis, Viral Meningitis, or Encephalitis

2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yumi Mizuno ◽  
Hidetoshi Takada ◽  
Kyoko Urakami ◽  
Kenji Ihara ◽  
Ryutaro Kira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Viral Meningitis ◽  
Neurotrophin 3

BACTERIAL MENINGITIS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 586-600
Author(s):  
David H. Smith ◽  
David L. Ingram ◽  
Arnold L. Smith ◽  
Floyd Gilles ◽  
M. J. Bresnan
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Newborn Infant ◽  
Antibacterial Therapy ◽  
Tuberculous Meningitis ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
The Past ◽  
Meningococcal Group ◽  
Group A ◽  
Almost All

Prior to the introduction of specific antibacterial therapy, bacterial meningitis was a disease with a universally fatal or disastrous outcome. The introduction of typespecific antiserum, and then of the antibacterial drugs, improved this situation dramatically. Improvements in the general medical care of acutely ill children, and the introduction of a series of more potent antibiotics against its bacterial causes helped to generate an attitude that bacterial meningitis was, or soon would be, a disease of the past. The experience of the past two decades belies this thesis. Today, interest in many facets of this disease has been renewed by many physicians concerned with the health of children: the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment. This symposium attempts to summarize for the practitioner the highlights of current knowledge in this area, and to outline certain areas in which recent advances can be anticipated, or will be studied. Tuberculous meningitis will be omitted for the sake of brevity, as will the special problems of meningitis in the newborn infant. There has been a resurgence of interest in developing vaccines to prevent Hemophilus influenzae b, pneumococcal, and meningococcal Group A, B, and C meningitis. These organisms cause almost all the bacterial meningitis after the first two months of life. If, as now seems possible, vaccines against most or all of these organisms will soon become available, those children having the greatest risk must be defined to determine who, and at what age should have priority in receiving the vaccine(s). A. THE CURRENT MAGNITUDE OF THE PROBLEM

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