Life in the Slow Lane: Ecology and Conservation of Long-Lived Marine Animals

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Habitat Degradation ◽  
Stock Assessment ◽  
Population Analysis ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Reef Fishes ◽  
The United States ◽  
Marine Fishery ◽  
Temperate Reef ◽  
Size Limits

<em>Abstract.</em> —Effective fisheries management requires considerable information on life history characteristics, recruitment dynamics, habitat requirements, and fishery interactions for the managed species. It is clear that we have little of this information for any of the myriad temperate reef fishes managed in the South Atlantic or Gulf of Mexico regions, not only from our reliance on size limits, controlled effort, or limited harvest but from the repeated failures of all but complete closures of fisheries to allow recovery from overexploitation. Several of the life history features that reef fish share render them particularly vulnerable to both fishing pressure and habitat degradation, including their longevity, their slow maturation, their spatially and temporally predictable spawning aggregations, and the reliance of juveniles on estuarine nursery grounds. In addition, traditional hindcasting methods like virtual population analysis and the use of spawningpotential ratio to diagnose overfishing have not proved reliable means of assessing population status. Virtually unexplored in the United States to date are (1) use of marine fishery reserves to protect demographics and reproductive potential of exploited species, habitat and community structure of all species, and biodiversity and (2) use of forecasting methods of stock assessment based on juvenile abundances. We discuss the ability of these methods to provide insurance against management error and to predict fishery abundances for future year classes, respectively.

Rapid changes in life-history characteristics of a long-lived temperate reef fish

2007 ◽  
Vol 58 (12) ◽  
pp. 1096 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe E. Ziegler ◽  
Jeremy M. Lyle ◽  
Malcolm Haddon ◽  
Graeme P. Ewing
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Reef Fish ◽  
Stock Assessment ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Temperate Reef ◽  
Life History Characteristics ◽  
Rapid Changes ◽  
Temperate Reef Fish ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Banded morwong, Cheilodactylus spectabilis, a long-lived sedentary temperate reef fish, has undergone rapid changes in its growth and maturity characteristics along the east coast of Tasmania, Australia. Over a period of 10 years, growth of young males and females has consistently accelerated, such that in 2005, 3-year-old fish were up to 40 mm or 13% longer compared with 1996, and age at 50% maturity for females had declined from 4 to 3 years. The magnitude and speed of the observed changes were unexpected given the species’ longevity (maximum age of over 95 years). The underlying mechanisms for the changes remain unclear but density-dependent responses to changes in population size and age composition, possibly mediated through reduced competition for shelter and intra-specific interactions, may have been contributing factors. Increasing sea surface temperatures over part of the period of change does not appear to have been a major driver and a genetic response to fishing seems unlikely. Notwithstanding any uncertainty, C. spectabilis populations have become more productive in recent years, challenging the general approach towards stock assessment where life-history characteristics are assumed to remain stable across contrasting levels of stock abundance and environmental conditions.

Geographic variation in density, demography, and life history traits of a harvested, sex-changing, temperate reef fish

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 288-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer E. Caselle ◽  
Scott L. Hamilton ◽  
Donna M. Schroeder ◽  
Milton S. Love ◽  
Julie D. Standish ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Geographic Variation ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Size Structure ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Reef Fishes ◽  
Kelp Forests ◽  
Underwater Visual Census ◽  
Biogeographic Patterns ◽  
Temperate Reef

Geographic variation in ecological and environmental factors may lead to intraspecific differences among populations. For the California sheephead ( Semicossyphus pulcher ), an important predator in kelp forests and a target of commercial and recreational fisheries, we evaluated the degree to which different populations exhibited variation in density, demography, and life history traits. We assessed biogeographic patterns of abundance through underwater visual census at 39 sites spanning a major portion of the species range (southern California, USA, to Baja California, Mexico) and made collections from seven focal sites to investigate geographic differences in demography and life histories. California sheephead densities were significantly greater in the southern part of their range and at offshore islands than along the mainland coast. At the focal sites, we found significant spatial variation in density, fecundity, size structure, growth rates, annual survivorship, and the timing of maturation and sex change. Density- and temperature-dependent effects helped to explain the intraspecific differences in these parameters. Studies such as this one will allow for demographic plasticity to be incorporated into future stock assessments. Management of temperate reef fishes may best be achieved on smaller spatial scales as we increase our understanding of geographic variation among populations.

scholarly journals Ecological Life History of the Warmouth (Centrarchidae)

1957 ◽  
Vol 27 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 1-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Weldon Larimore
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Life History ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
The United States ◽  
Warm Water ◽  
Potential Value ◽  
History Of

Overpopulation among certain warm-water fishes is now commonly recognized as a cause of poor fishing in many lakes and ponds of the United States. More than a decade ago, Bennett (1944:186) suggested that perhaps some sunfish not prone to overpopulation would, with little control by man, produce good fishing over a prolonged period. This suggestion stimulated a search for a species that has a low reproductive potential, a species that does not tend to overcrowd its habitat, and yet has good sporting qualities. The warmouth, Chaenobryttus gulosiis (Cuvier), appeared to be such a species. The study of its life history and ecology presented here may serve as a basis for an estimate of the potential value of the species as a companion for bass or other game fishes in lakes and ponds of Illinois and neighboring states.

scholarly journals Biological Knowledge of Thornback Ray (Raja clavata) from the Azores: Improving Scientific Information for the Effectiveness of Species-Specific Management Measures

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 676
Author(s):  
Régis Santos ◽  
Wendell Medeiros-Leal ◽  
Ana Novoa-Pabon ◽  
Osman Crespo ◽  
Mário Pinho
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Habitat Degradation ◽  
Stock Assessment ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Habitat Preferences ◽  
Movement Pattern ◽  
Biological Knowledge ◽  
Thornback Ray ◽  
Raja Clavata ◽  
Species Specific

Elasmobranchs are globally recognized as vulnerable due to their life-history characteristics, fishing pressure, and habitat degradation. Among the skates and rays caught by commercial fisheries, the thornback ray Raja clavata is one of the most economically important in Northwest European seas. However, the scarcity of biological knowledge about this species in Azorean waters has limited the stock assessment types that can be conducted. To improve information on its habitat preferences, spatial distribution and movement pattern, growth, sex ratio, mortality, and reproduction, as well as to investigate long-term changes in abundance and size, this study analyzed approximately 25 years of fishery-dependent and independent data from the Azores. Raja clavata was mainly caught at depths up to 250 m. Most of the tagged fish were recaptured near the release point. A larger–deeper trend was found, and females were larger and more abundant than males. Life-history parameters showed that R. clavata has a long lifespan, large size, slow growth, and low natural mortality. The sustainability of its population is of concern to fisheries management and, while our findings suggested a relatively healthy stock in the Azores, a thorough increase in data quality is required to better understand the stock condition and prevent overexploitation.

Review of the life history, fisheries, and stock assessment for small tunas in the Atlantic Ocean

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávia Lucena-Frédou ◽  
Bruno Mourato ◽  
Thierry Frédou ◽  
Pedro G. Lino ◽  
Rubén Muñoz-Lechuga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Stock Assessment

scholarly journals Comparative visual ecophysiology of mid-Atlantic temperate reef fishes

Biology Open ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (12) ◽  
pp. 1371-1381 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Z. Horodysky ◽  
R. W. Brill ◽  
K. C. Crawford ◽  
E. S. Seagroves ◽  
A. K. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Reef Fishes ◽  
Temperate Reef

scholarly journals Short- and long-term movement patterns of six temperate reef fishes (Families Labridae and Monacanthidae)

1995 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 853 ◽  
Author(s):  
NS Barrett
Keyword(s):  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Movement Patterns ◽  
Reef Fishes ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Temperate Reef ◽  
Effective Deterrent ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Natural Boundaries

Movement patterns were studied on a 1-ha isolated reef surrounding Arch Rock in southern Tasmania. Short-term movements were identified from diver observations, and interpretation of long-term movements involved multiple recaptures of tagged individuals. Visual observations indicated that the sex-changing labrids Notolabrus tetricus, Pictilabrus laticlavius and Pseudolabrus psittaculus were all site-attached, with females having overlapping home ranges and males being territorial. In the non-sex-changing labrid Notolabrus fucicola and in the monacanthids Penicipelta vittiger and Meuschenia australis, there was no evidence of territorial behaviour and 1-h movements were in excess of the scale of the study. The long-term results indicated that all species were permanent reef residents, with most individuals of all species except M. australis always being recaptured within a home range of 100 m × 25 m or less. Only 15% of individuals of M. australis were always recaptured within this range category. The natural habitat boundary of open sand between the Arch Rock reef and adjacent reefs appeared to be an effective deterrent to emigration. The use of natural boundaries should be an important consideration in the design of marine reserves where the aim is to minimize the loss of protected species to adjacent fished areas.

scholarly journals THE LIFE-HISTORY OF THE NORTHERN MOLE-CRICKET—GRYLLOTALPA BOREALIS

1892 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 270-273
Author(s):  
E. W. Doran
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Life History ◽  
The United States ◽  
General Distribution ◽  
Mole Cricket ◽  
History Of ◽  
Time Required

Although this is a common insect in many parts of the United States, it is not generally found in great numbers in any locality, and, notwith standing its general distribution, the various staes of the insect seem not to have been describe or figured.While I am not yet able to clear up all the points in its history, I have studied the insect in all its stages, though I have not reared it from the egg to maturity, on account of the time required for it to develop—in all probability three years.

A comparison of response in the presence or absence of a delay in induction therapy with bortezomib, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 1692-1698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison J Schepers ◽  
Alexis R Jones ◽  
Brandi N Reeves ◽  
Sascha A Tuchman ◽  
Jill S Bates
Keyword(s):  
Induction Therapy ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
The United States ◽  
Delay Group ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Mean Delay ◽  
Risk Patients

Purpose Lenalidomide, bortezomib, and dexamethasone (RVd) has emerged as a preferred induction therapy in multiple myeloma (MM) in the United States. Due to lenalidomide's teratogenic risk, patients and prescribers must comply with a risk evaluation and mitigation strategy (REMS) program. The REMS program limits dispensing to certain third-party specialty pharmacies, whose average prescription fill times are longer than in-house specialty pharmacies. In practice, a delay in procurement of lenalidomide may mean that patients start therapy with only bortezomib and dexamethasone, delaying the start of more effective triplet therapy. The primary objective of this study is to determine if a delay from start of bortezomib and dexamethasone to start of triplet therapy with lenalidomide impacts rate of achievement of very good partial response (VGPR) after four cycles of RVd. Methods This was a single-center retrospective review of adults with newly diagnosed MM who received RVd induction therapy at University of North Carolina Medical Center between April 2014 and June 2017. Patients who started lenalidomide ≥10 days after bortezomib comprised the “Delay” group, while those who started lenalidomide concurrently with bortezomib or within 1–9 days after bortezomib comprised the “No Delay” group. The primary outcome was VGPR or better response rate after four cycles of RVd. Results Thirty-eight patients met inclusion criteria. Nine patients (23.7%) experienced any delay in initiation of lenalidomide, with a mean delay of 7.8 days (range 1–18). Four patients (10.5%) experienced a delay ≥10 days. No patients in the Delay group were of reproductive potential, compared to 8.8% in the No Delay group ( p = 0.54). VGPR or better response rate did not differ between the Delay and No Delay groups (66.7% vs. 58.8%, p = 0.79). The mean number of lenalidomide prescriptions generated per RVd cycle was 1.35 (range 1–5, SD 0.74). Conclusions This study did not demonstrate an effect on clinical response after delays ≥10 days between bortezomib and lenalidomide initiation. No patients in the delay group were females of reproductive potential, which is the primary target for increased safety behind the REMS program.

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