scholarly journals EXERGY DESTRUCTION AND CHEMICAL IRREVERSIBILITIES DURING COMBUSTION IN SPARK – IGNITION ENGINE USING OXYGENATED AND HYDROCARBON FUELS

2013 ◽  
pp. 7-11
Author(s):  
MUNAWAR NAWAB KARIMI ◽  
SANDEEP KUMAR KAMBOJ
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Second Law Of Thermodynamics ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Second Law ◽  
Exergy Destruction ◽  
Efficient Utilization ◽  
Dead State ◽  
Energy Economy ◽  
Volume Entropy

The growing concern for energy, economy and environment calls for efficient utilization of natural resources in developing useful work. Second law of thermodynamics provides different perspective compared with first law. This paper provides an overview of the quantitative levels of exergy destruction and chemical irreversibilities during the combustion. For the adiabatic combustion at constant volume, entropy generation approach with second law of thermodynamics is applied. The result of this study is based on a spark ignition, single cylinder combustion engine with stoichiometric condition. Iso-octane, methane, methanol and ethanol are the fuels examined. This study shows that exergy destruction during combustion decreases with the increase in reactant temperature and compression ratios, for all the fuels. Exergy destruction during combustion using entropy balance approach for compression ratio range of 7 to 11 found to vary between 16.18 to 21.52%. Chemical irreversibilities calculated at the restricted dead state are found to be in the range of 2.99 to 3.6% for different fuels

Utilizing a Cycle Simulation to Examine the Use of EGR for a Spark-Ignition Engine Including the Second Law of Thermodynamics

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerald A. Caton
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Process ◽  
Second Law Of Thermodynamics ◽  
Thermodynamic Cycle ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Second Law ◽  
Base Case ◽  
Nitric Oxides ◽  
Automotive Engine ◽  
Cycle Simulation

The use of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) for a spark-ignition engine was examined using a thermodynamic cycle simulation including the second law of thermodynamics. Both a cooled and an adiabatic EGR configuration were considered. The engine was a 5.7 liter, automotive engine operating from idle to wide open throttle, and up to 6000 rpm. First, the reduction of nitric oxides is quantified for the base case condition (bmep = 325 kPa, 1400 rpm, φ = 1.0 and MBT timing). Over 90% reduction of nitric oxides is obtained with about 18% EGR for the cooled configuration, and with about 26% EGR for the adiabatic configuration. For constant load and speed, the thermal efficiencies increase with increasing EGR for both configurations, and the results show that this increase is mainly due to decreasing pumping losses and decreasing heat losses. In addition, results from the second law of thermodynamics indicated an increase in the destruction of availability (exergy) during the combustion process as EGR levels increase for both configurations. The major reason for this increase in the destruction of availability was the decrease in the combustion temperatures. Complete results for the availability destruction are provided for both configurations.

scholarly journals Numerical study on the effects of intake charge on oxy-fuel combustion in a dual-injection spark ignition engine at economical oxygen-fuel ratios

2021 ◽  
pp. 146808742110222
Author(s):  
Xiang Li ◽  
Yiqiang Pei ◽  
Zhijun Peng ◽  
Tahmina Ajmal ◽  
Khaqan-Jim Rana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Fuel Combustion ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Gasoline Direct Injection ◽  
Brake Mean Effective Pressure ◽  
Dual Injection ◽  
Injection Strategies

In order to decrease Carbon Dioxide (CO2) emissions, Oxy-Fuel Combustion (OFC) technology with Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is being developed in Internal Combustion Engine (ICE). In this article, a numerical study about the effects of intake charge on OFC was conducted in a dual-injection. Spark Ignition (SI) engine, with Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI), Port Fuel Injection (PFI) and P-G (50% PFI and 50% GDI) three injection strategies. The results show that under OFC with fixed Oxygen Mass Fraction (OMF) and intake temperature, the maximum Brake Mean Effective Pressure (BMEP) is each 5.671, 5.649 and 5.646 bar for GDI, P-G and PFI strategy, which leads to a considerable decrease compared to Conventional Air Combustion (CAC). [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] of PFI are the lowest among three injection strategies. With intake temperature increases from 298 to 378 K, the reduction of BMEP can be up to 12.68%, 12.92% and 12.75% for GDI, P-G and PFI, respectively. Meantime, there is an increase of about 3% in Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC) and Brake Specific Oxygen Consumption (BSOC). Increasing OMF can improve the performance of BMEP and BSFC, and the trend is more apparent under GDI strategy. Besides, an increasing tendency can be observed for cylinder pressure and in-cylinder temperature under all injection strategies with the increase of OMF.

3D CFD Simulations of Hydrogen Fuelled Spark Ignition Engine

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinesh D. Adgulkar ◽  
N. V. Deshpande ◽  
S. B. Thombre ◽  
I. K. Chopde
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Flame Speed ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Cfd Simulations ◽  
Turbulent Flame Speed ◽  
Combustion Of Hydrogen

By supporting hydrogen as an alternative fuel to the conventional fuel i.e. gasoline, new era of renewable and carbon neutral energy resources can be introduced. Hence, development of hydrogen fuelled internal combustion engine for improved power density and less emission of NOx has become today’s need and researchers are continuously extending their efforts in the improvement of hydrogen fuelled internal combustion engine. In this work, three dimensional CFD simulations were performed using CFD code (AVL FIRE) for premixed combustion of hydrogen. The simplified 3D geometry of engine with single valve i.e. inlet valve was considered for the simulation. Various combustion models for spark ignition for hydrogen i.e. Eddy Breakup model, Turbulent Flame Speed Closure Combustion Model, Coherent Flame model, Probability Density Function model were tested and validated with available simulation results. Results obtained in simulation indicate that the properties of hydrogen i.e. high flame speed, wide flammability limit, and high ignition temperature are among the main influencing factors for hydrogen combustion being different than that of gasoline. Different parameters i.e. spark advance angle (TDC to 40° before TDC in the step of 5°), rotational speed (1200 to 3000 rpm in the step of 300 rpm), equivalence ratio (0.5 to 1.2 in the step of 0.1), and compression ratio (8, 9 and 10) were used to simulate the combustion of hydrogen in spark ignition engine and to investigate their effects on the engine performance, which is in terms of pressure distribution, temperature distribution, species mass fraction, reaction progress variable and rate of heat release for complete cycle. The results of power output for hydrogen were also compared with that of gasoline. It has been observed that power output for hydrogen is almost 12–15% less than that of gasoline.

scholarly journals Development of a Computationally Efficient Tabulated Chemistry Solver for Internal Combustion Engine Optimization Using Stochastic Reactor Models

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (24) ◽  
pp. 8979
Author(s):  
Andrea Matrisciano ◽  
Tim Franken ◽  
Laura Catalina Gonzales Mestre ◽  
Anders Borg ◽  
Fabian Mauss
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Reactor Model ◽  
Progress Variable ◽  
Tabulated Chemistry ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Reactor Models

The use of chemical kinetic mechanisms in computer aided engineering tools for internal combustion engine simulations is of high importance for studying and predicting pollutant formation of conventional and alternative fuels. However, usage of complex reaction schemes is accompanied by high computational cost in 0-D, 1-D and 3-D computational fluid dynamics frameworks. The present work aims to address this challenge and allow broader deployment of detailed chemistry-based simulations, such as in multi-objective engine optimization campaigns. A fast-running tabulated chemistry solver coupled to a 0-D probability density function-based approach for the modelling of compression and spark ignition engine combustion is proposed. A stochastic reactor engine model has been extended with a progress variable-based framework, allowing the use of pre-calculated auto-ignition tables instead of solving the chemical reactions on-the-fly. As a first validation step, the tabulated chemistry-based solver is assessed against the online chemistry solver under constant pressure reactor conditions. Secondly, performance and accuracy targets of the progress variable-based solver are verified using stochastic reactor models under compression and spark ignition engine conditions. Detailed multicomponent mechanisms comprising up to 475 species are employed in both the tabulated and online chemistry simulation campaigns. The proposed progress variable-based solver proved to be in good agreement with the detailed online chemistry one in terms of combustion performance as well as engine-out emission predictions (CO, CO2, NO and unburned hydrocarbons). Concerning computational performances, the newly proposed solver delivers remarkable speed-ups (up to four orders of magnitude) when compared to the online chemistry simulations. In turn, the new solver allows the stochastic reactor model to be computationally competitive with much lower order modeling approaches (i.e., Vibe-based models). It also makes the stochastic reactor model a feasible computer aided engineering framework of choice for multi-objective engine optimization campaigns.

First and Second Law Analyses of a Spark-Ignition Engine Using Either Isooctane or Hydrogen: An Initial Assessment

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerald A. Caton
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Equivalence Ratio ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Second Law ◽  
Cycle Simulation ◽  
Nitric Oxide Emissions

The use of either hydrogen or isooctane for a spark-ignition engine was examined using a thermodynamic cycle simulation including the second law of thermodynamics. The engine studied was a 5.7 liter, automotive engine operating from idle to wide open throttle. The hydrogen or isooctane was assumed premixed with the air. Two features of hydrogen combustion that were included in the study were the higher flame speeds (shorter burn durations) and the wider lean flammability limits (lean equivalence ratios). Three cases were considered for the use of hydrogen: (1) standard burn duration and an equivalence ratio of 1.0, (2) a shorter burn duration and an equivalence ratio of 1.0, and (3) a shorter burn duration and variable, lean equivalence ratios. The results included thermal efficiencies, other performance metrics, second law parameters, and nitric oxide emissions. In general, for the cases with an equivalence of 1.0, the brake thermal efficiency was slightly lower for the hydrogen cases due to the higher temperatures and higher heat losses. For the variable, lean equivalence ratio cases, the thermal efficiency was higher for the hydrogen case relative to the isooctane case. Due to the higher temperatures, the hydrogen cases had over 50% higher nitric oxide emissions compared to the isooctane case at the base conditions. In addition, the second law analyses indicated that the destruction of availability during the combustion process was lower for the base hydrogen case (11.2%) relative to the isooctane case (21.1%).

scholarly journals The impact of ignition system damage on the emission of toxic substances in a spark-ignition internal combustion engine

2019 ◽  
Vol 179 (4) ◽  
pp. 86-92
Author(s):  
Mieczysław DZIUBIŃSKI ◽  
Ewa SIEMIONEK ◽  
Artur DROZD ◽  
Michał ŚCIRKA ◽  
Adam KISZCZAK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Ignition System ◽  
The Impact

The article discusses the impact of ignition system damage on the emission of toxic subcategories in a spark-ignition internal combustion engine. The aim of the work was to develop an analytical model of ignition system diagnostics, test performance and comparative analysis of the results of simulations and experiments. The model developed allows to analyse the basic parameters of the ignition system affecting the content of toxic substances in the exhaust. Experimental tests were carried out using the MAHA MGT5 exhaust gas analyser for four different combustion engines fueled with petrol at various operating conditions. During the tests, the content of toxic substances in the exhaust gas of a properly working engine and the engine working with damage to the ignition system were registered. The tests will be used to assess the impact of the damage of the spark-ignition engine on the emission of individual components of toxic fumes.

scholarly journals Performance and Exhaust Emissions of a Spark Ignition Internal Combustion Engine Fed with Butanol–Glycerol Blend

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (20) ◽  
pp. 6473
Author(s):  
Stanislaw Szwaja ◽  
Michal Gruca ◽  
Michal Pyrc ◽  
Romualdas Juknelevičius
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Spark Ignition Engines ◽  
Exhaust Temperature ◽  
Indicated Mean Effective Pressure

Investigation of a new type of fuel for the internal combustion engine, which can be successfully used in both the power generation and the automotive industries, is presented in this article. The proposed fuel is a blend of 75% n-butanol and 25% glycerol. The engine tests conducted with this glycerol–butanol blend were focused on the performance, combustion thermodynamics, and exhaust emissions of a spark-ignition engine. A comparative analysis was performed to find potential similarities and differences in the engine fueled with gasoline 95 and the proposed glycerol–butanol blend. As measured, CO exhaust emissions increased, NOx emissions decreased, and UHC emissions were unchanged for the glycerol–butanol blend when compared to the test with sole gasoline. As regards the engine performance and combustion progress, no significant differences were observed. Exhaust temperature remarkably decreased by 3.4%, which contributed to an increase in the indicated mean effective pressure by approximately 4% compared to gasoline 95. To summarize, the proposed glycerol–butanol blend can be directly used as a replacement for gasoline in internal combustion spark-ignition engines.

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