Transitioning new research ideas into commercial products is difficult. For medical device design, the task is especially complicated because the commercialization of research ideas requires interdisciplinary teams that understand the nature of the clinical application as well as the abilities of the technology. Device development is complicated by the need to work within a regulated environment which requires well defined processes and significant testing to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of the device. An experienced development team, well versed in the design and manufacturing of medical devices, can greatly enhance the success of a commercialization program. A study of actual programs shows how experience can reduce development times. There are several factors that affect the success of new medical device development including the use of effective development tools and the innovativeness of the product concept. Successful product development may use a number of tools to assist with planning and control of the project. However it is difficult to measure the effect of experience on the success of new product development. In this work, several medical device development programs were studied to determine the role experience plays in improving the time to market for medical devices. Time to market is measured along several dimensions including complexity, technological invention, and uniqueness of clinical application. All designs were completed by the same company. As time progressed, the time to market improved even for complex designs with new technology. Over a ten year period of time, ten significant medical device development projects were executed. All required development of complex electromechanical systems with moderate to high complexity, and more than half developed products for new clinical applications or utilized new technology. After the development group had acquired at least five years of development experience, it was clear that the development times were improving by almost 50% over the predicted development times. Among the factors that contribute to this effect are the development of experts, the creation of design frameworks, and the optimization of processes which improve product development times while reducing project and regulatory risk. Experts with specific experience in systems engineering, program management, electromagnetic compatibility, manufacturability, and usability along with expertise in electronics, mechanical and software design can significantly reduce design times. Technology platforms central to medical devices such as blood and fluid pumps, sensor interfaces, real-time control systems, batteries and power systems are necessary for rapid development. Processes including project planning and tracking, requirements management, configuration management, risk analysis, and manufacturing design transfer are essential for streamlining development as well as ensuring support for regulatory submissions and audits. It has been challenging to demonstrate this effect, which has been anecdotally known for some time, in a quantitative manner. Doing so required studying an organization with not only significant experience over time, but breadth of experience in terms of program risk and complexity. The results of this study quantify the significant benefit of organizational experience in reducing time to market.
Tailor-Made Design Guidelines for Human Factors and Usability for Medical Device Application: A Proposed Methodology
