scholarly journals A TEXTUAL DISCOURSE OF MIGRATION AND HUMAN TRAFFICKING IN ABC DURUAKU’S A MIRAGE FOR A DREAM

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-96
Author(s):  
Frank Amiriheobu ◽  
◽  
Victor Ordua ◽  
Ekperi Watts ◽  
Ojobah Christian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Sexual Exploitation ◽  
General System ◽  
Child Soldiers ◽  
First Century ◽  
Analytical Methodology ◽  
Time Migration ◽  
The People ◽  
Forced Labour ◽  
Domestic Servitude

Until recent time, Migration, a veritable tool for industrial enhancement, economic development, political inclination, scientific and technological discoveries, and social obligations has ironic positions, whose another view, geared by exploitation from the mid-twentieth century to twenty-first century, somewhat affects the centuries before them. This is made possible through its inclusion of illicit transactions, such as labour and commercial sexual exploitation, human trafficking, forced labour, child soldiers, drug trafficking, domestic servitude, and the removal of organs or tissue for sale as portrayed in ABC Duruaku’s A Mirage for a Dream. This menace is meticulously alarming especially in the Nigerian state in the 21st century. This cankerworm, caused by corruption, poverty, weak governmental system and unemployment ultimately triggered malicious activities like prostitution, armed robbery, kidnapping, incessant killings, and rape, thus, increased pain, suffering, sickness and death among the people and ridicules the identity of the Nigerian nation, thereafter, threatens its existence as a sovereign states. Amongst the major findings is that human trafficking has created a lot of creative punches and dramatic representations by critics and dramatists over the years, yet the issue is heinously prevalent. The study therefore aims at interrogating the connection between migration and human trafficking in the Nigerian society, as portrayed in ABC Duruaku’s A Mirage for a Dream. To achieve this, General System Theory and Content Analytical Methodology are employed. The study, therefore, recommends the establishment of an agency to monitor all cases of migration and human trafficking in the Nigerian state.

PERSEFEKTIF IN HUMAN TRAFFICKING CRIME LAW NUMBER 39 OF 1999 ON HUMAN RIGHTS CASE AGAINST CHILD TRAFFICKING IN MEDAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-51
Author(s):  
Ida Monika Putu Ayu Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Sexual Exploitation ◽  
Trafficking In Persons ◽  
The People ◽  
Public Company ◽  
Legal Sanctions ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
Human Rights Violation

Laws are the norms that govern all human actions that can be done and should not be carried out both written and unwritten and have sanctions, so that the entry into force of these rules can be forced or coercive and binding for all the people of Indonesia. The most obvious form of manifestation of legal sanctions appear in criminal law. In criminal law there are various forms of crimes and violations, one of the crimes listed in the criminal law, namely the crime of Human Trafficking is often perpetrated against women and children. Human Trafficking is any act of trafficking offenders that contains one or more acts, the recruitment, transportation between regions and countries, alienation, departure, reception. With the threat of the use of verbal and physical abuse, abduction, fraud, deception, abuse of a position of vulnerability, example when a person has no other choice, isolated, drug dependence, forest traps, and others, giving or receiving of payments or benefits women and children used for the purpose of prostitution and sexual exploitation. These crimes often involving women and children into slavery. Trafficking in persons is a modern form of human slavery and is one of the worst forms of violation of human dignity (Public Company Act No. 21 of 2007, on the Eradication of Trafficking in Persons). Crime human trafficking crime has been agreed by the international community as a form of human rights violation.  

scholarly journals VICTIMS OF HUMAN TRAFFICKING IN THE SYSTEM OF SUPPORT AND PROTECTION IN SLOVAKIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 601-608
Author(s):  
Magdaléna Horáková ◽  
Barbara Pavlíková
Keyword(s):  
Case Management ◽  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Sexual Exploitation ◽  
Successful Solution ◽  
Common Purpose ◽  
Forced Labour ◽  
Trafficking Victims ◽  
Social Work Program ◽  
A Current

Introduction: Studies aimed at supporting or protecting victims of human trafficking are rare, although this is a current issue with global overlap. The aim of this work is to identify the specifics of the victims who use the services of organizations under the Program for Support and Protection of Victims of Human Trafficking in Slovakia.Methods: This research study was conducted using the method of content analysis of interviews with workers of organizations providing services under the Program for Support and Protection of Victims of Human Trafficking in Slovakia and documents issued by the Ministry of the Interior of the Slovak Republic (MoI SR) in 2010-2017.Results: 210 victims of human trafficking included in the Program for Support and Protection of Victims of Human Trafficking were identified in the monitored period - 111 women and 99 men. From the perspective of origin, the area of the Eastern Slovakia was most prevalent. The demographic environment (village, district town, municipal city) did not play a significant role. The most common purpose of human trafficking was sexual exploitation and forced labour. There is no systematic approach in addressing the issue.Conclusion: The creation of a pilot field social work program for victims of human trafficking using case management would help take into account the specificities of human trafficking victims. The program would allow for coordinating the services that might provide a solution to the problem of a trafficked person  At the same time, by using case management, we can prevent the provision of the same services to the client by several organizations and increase the likelihood of a successful solution to the client´s situation and work efficiency.

scholarly journals Tinjauan Literatur Pemerdagangan dan Eksploitasi Kanak- Kanak di Asia Tenggara

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
NORRUZEYATI CHE MOHD NASIR ◽  
MOHAMMAD RAHIM KAMALUDDIN
Keyword(s):  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Sexual Exploitation ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Early Marriage ◽  
Child Victims ◽  
International Labor Organization ◽  
Child Trafficking ◽  
Debt Bondage ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
Forced Labour

Human trafficking is a modern form of slavery and organized crime that violates human rights and threatens public and national security. The International Labor Organization (ILO) estimates that there are 40.3 million people have been the victims of human trafficking, with the majority of them are women and children. Children are the most vulnerable and high risk group to be sexually exploited through child marriage and economically exploited as forced labour and beggars. The establishment of the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, especially Women and Children in 2000, was an international effort to combat this crime. Countries in Southeast Asia are also confronted with this crisis especially involving children and have been identified either as a source, destination or transit countries in the case of human trafficking. While the issue is very alarming, the accurate assessment of child victims is yet to be found due to the clandestine nature of the crime. There are many factors such as poverty, debt bondage, traditional practices that encourage early marriage, low level of education, fraudulent documents and collaboration between the recruiter and family, leader or related agencies have contributed significantly towards the existing child trafficking and sexual exploitation issues. This articles aims to present issues pertaining to child trafficking and exploitation. With that in mind, the current study employs library research as a research design in order to gather information from various sources such as journal articles, books, reports, and conference proceedings. It is highly expected that this article would provide exposure and in-depth understanding regarding child trafficiking and exploitation to related agencies. In-depth understanding is vital to develop related policies and guidelines to curb this transnational crime.  

Human Trafficking 1: Epidemiology

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy Macias-Konstantopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Sex Trafficking ◽  
Sexual Exploitation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Forced Labor ◽  
Commercial Sexual Exploitation ◽  
Trafficking In Persons ◽  
Debt Bondage ◽  
Domestic Servitude

Trafficking in persons, or human trafficking, is the obtaining of persons by force, fraud, coercion, or other improper means, with the intention of exploiting them for financial gain. According to the US Department of State, the more prominent global forms of human trafficking include forced labor, bonded labor (or debt bondage), forced commercial sexual exploitation (or sex trafficking), involuntary domestic servitude, forced child labor, child sex trafficking, child soldiering, and organ trafficking. In the United States, the forced exploitation of persons in the labor industry (i.e., labor trafficking) and in the commercial sex industry (i.e., sex trafficking) account for the majority of human trafficking cases recognized, reported, investigated, and prosecuted. Women and girls account for 55% (11.4 million) of the global trafficked population, whereas men and boys comprise the difference. Three quarters of trafficked persons are adults, whereas children younger than 18 years represent 26% (5.5 million) of victims. Risk factors that have been associated with increased risk of human trafficking include but are not limited to a childhood history of abuse and neglect; financial insecurity; housing instability associated with homelessness, running away, or being thrown out of the home; kinship placements with distant family members, foster care, and other residential placements; intellectual and learning disabilities; identification as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and questioning (LGBTQ); racial and ethnic minority status; status as an immigrant, migrant worker, and refugee; and involvement in gangs or illicit substance use. Due to the inherently abusive and violent nature of this crime, human trafficking has profound negative implications for the health and well-being of affected persons. This review contains 2 figures, 4 tables and 53 references Key words: commercial sexual exploitation, debt bondage, domestic servitude, forced labor, forced substance use, HIV, modern-day slavery, posttraumatic stress disorder, trafficking in persons 

scholarly journals HUMAN TRAFFICKING IN INDONESIA, THE DIALECTIC OF POVERTY AND CORRUPTION

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 356
Author(s):  
Evie Ariadne ◽  
Benazir Bona Pratamawaty ◽  
Putri Limilia
Keyword(s):  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Sexual Exploitation ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Fish Processing ◽  
Trafficking In Persons ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Transit Country ◽  
International Borders ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
Forced Labour

After thirteen years of Law Number 21 of 2007 concerning the Eradication of the Crime of Trafficking in Persons implemented, it still unable to release Indonesia from cases of trafficking in persons. Indonesia, is not only as primarily a source country in the trafficking process, but it is also used as a destination and transit country. And which is very terrible, all provinces (34 provinces) in Indonesia are the origin and destination of trafficking in persons and the victims are mostly experienced by women and children. The most common forms of trafficking are for forced labour and sexual exploitation as women, children and men are moved domestically and across international borders. They are exploited in the sectors of the fishing and fish processing industry, construction; plantation, oil palm plantation, mining and manufacturing. The poverty factor is considered to be the main trigger for prospective Indonesian workers. Another thing is because of natural disasters which are also vulnerable to human trafficking. In addition, endemic corruption among government officials contributes to the vulnerability of trafficking in persons, especially in the travel, hotel and labour recruitment industries. The phenomenon of globalization is one of the factors in the spread of contemporary (modern) issues, which affected to human trafficking. Advances information technology, are opportunities for the expansion of crime networks, both national and transnational (across borders). The borderless world maks cross-cultural social integration, people move around freely without any obstacles, causes various modes of crime to emerge, such as human trafficking.

scholarly journals A CRITICAL DISCOURSE OF GIRL-CHILD MARRIAGE/SLAVERY IN SELECTED NIGERIAN FILM

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-127
Author(s):  
Frank Amiriheobu ◽  
◽  
Victor Ordua ◽  
Ekperi Watts ◽  
Ojobah Christian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Sexual Exploitation ◽  
Early Marriage ◽  
Child Marriage ◽  
African Culture ◽  
Analytical Methodology ◽  
Girl Child ◽  
Domestic Servitude ◽  
Feminism Theory ◽  
Nigerian Film

Until recent past, girl-child slavery/marriage, guided by unscrupulous African culture, has posed as major practice in the Nigerian state in the 21stCentury. This cankerworm, manifesting through early marriage, money marriage, commercial sexual exploitation, domestic servitude, and other forms of abuses on the women folk, weakens women participation in economic, political, religious, and social development, thus, increases the issues of pain, suffering, sickness, and death of the people and underdevelopment to the Nigerian 5state as portrayed in Stephanie Linus Dry. Dry is a 21st century film that interrogates girl-child marriage/slavery, money marriage, discrimination, deprivation and inequality against the women. Amongst the major findings is that girl-child marriage/slavery has provided impetus for dramatic and argumentative representations by critics and dramatist over the years, yet, the menace is highly prevalent in the Nigerian state in the 21st century, mostly in the Northern regions. The study therefore aims at interrogating the cause and effects of girl-child marriage/slavery in the Nigerian state in the 21st century. To achieve this, Radical Feminism Theory and Content Analytical Methodology are used as guide. More so, the study recommends that any culture, tradition, or norm that is responsible that for girl-child marriage/slavery in the Nigerian space should be abolished for equity and development to be ascertained.

El déficit de denuncias de víctimas de prostitución forzada en México

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-217
Author(s):  
Simón Pedro Izcara Palacios
Keyword(s):  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Sexual Exploitation ◽  
The People ◽  
Depth Interviews

México posee una legislación estricta en materia de trata de personas, pero tal legislación tiene poca utilidad si las víctimas no denuncian a sus explotadores. Este artículo, fundamentado en una metodología cualitativa que incluye la realización de entrevistas en profundidad a 47 víctimas de trata con fines de explotación sexual, parte de la siguiente pregunta de investigación: ¿por qué las víctimas extranjeras de este tipo específico de trata que se encuentran en México no denuncian a las personas que las explotan? Concluimos que la corrupción es el factor que inhibe las denuncias y favorece el crecimiento de la industria de la trata de personas con fines de explotación sexual en México. Mexico has strict legislation on human trafficking; however, this legislation is of little use if victims do not denounce their exploiters. Engaging a qualitative methodology that includes in-depth interviews with forty-seven victims of human trafficking, this article proceeds from the following research question: Why do foreign victims of sexual exploitation in Mexico not blow the whistle on the people who exploit them? Evidence suggests that corruption inhibits criminal complaints and favors growth of the human trafficking industry in Mexico.

scholarly journals På spaning efter det offer som ej flytt: Bemästrande av människohandelsoffer och viljans inverkan på lagföringen

2017 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Märta C. Johansson
Keyword(s):  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Sexual Exploitation ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Criminal Courts ◽  
Current Article ◽  
Forced Labour

Despite the relatively high number of police complaints filed in Sweden for human trafficking, few offenders are prosecuted and convicted. While a third of human trafficking complaints are made for other forms of exploitation, e.g., forced labour, convictions primarily concern trafficking for sexual exploitation plus a few cases of forced begging. The current article examines the absence of prosecutionsand convictions in light of the discussion about the character of the crime and its regulation in the Swedish Criminal Code as a crime against peace and freedom. The author concludes that the limited number of convictions, and their restriction to only two forms of trafficking, are not primarily due to resource constraints.Instead they are due to the perceptions of trafficking held by the Swedish criminal courts and to the courts’ notions of what it means to ‘master’ a victim and the types of evidence required to prove such ‘mastery’.

Human Trafficking 2: Approach To The Patient

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy Macias-Konstantopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Health Care Access ◽  
Sexual Exploitation ◽  
Access Point ◽  
Forced Labor ◽  
Patient Privacy ◽  
Self Blame ◽  
Diagnostic Signs ◽  
Domestic Servitude ◽  
Neutral Language

Trafficking survivors most commonly cite the emergency department (ED) as their health care access point while previously trafficked. A majority of trafficking survivors surveyed report accessing medical care at least once while trafficked. ED physicians should adhere to guiding principles of care, keeping in mind at all times the need for patient privacy and the use of paced evaluations and neutral language. It is incumbent upon ED physicians to recognize both the clinician-related barriers to helping trafficked patients (which may include an underappreciation of the relevance of trafficking to clinical practice and a lack of education and training) and patient-related barriers (which range from restriction and confinement by their abuser to the patient’s own shame, guilt, and self-blame; distrust of authorities; and fear). Once the trafficked patient presents to the ED, the physician should acknowledge that the identification of at-risk and trafficked patients can be the first step toward prevention and assistance, respectively. No singular or defined set of diagnostic signs or symptoms has been shown to cut across all forms of trafficking with any degree of sensitivity or specificity, but familiarity with the potential indicators of human trafficking can help the emergency provider recognize patterns and raise the suspicion of trafficking. If a clinician suspects that a patient might be trafficked, the clinician should engage the patient in a trauma-informed and culturally sensitive assessment. This review contains 2 tables and 34 references Key words: commercial sexual exploitation, debt bondage, domestic servitude, forced labor, forced substance use, HIV, modern-day slavery, neutral language, patient privacy, posttraumatic stress disorder, trafficking in persons  

scholarly journals Sex Trafficking at the Border: An Exploration of Anti-Trafficking Efforts in the Pacific Northwest

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Norfolk ◽  
Helga Hallgrimsdottir
Keyword(s):  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Sex Work ◽  
Sex Trafficking ◽  
Sexual Exploitation ◽  
Security Measures ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Forced Labour ◽  
Legal Frameworks

The prevalence of human trafficking for the purposes of sexual exploitation and forced labour in the Pacific Northwest has been well documented in recent years. This paper focuses specifically on trafficking for sex work across the British Columbia and Washington State border and seeks to determine whether the border is an effective instrument or tool for the identification and intervention of human trafficking for sex work. We provide an exploration of the legal frameworks and policies on either side of the border and offer an analysis of the cross-border anti-trafficking efforts carried out at the borderlands. The paper concludes that current mechanisms fail to appropriately address and combat the issue of cross-border sex trafficking for several reasons, including the following: a lack of uniform definitions of sex trafficking; the conflation of migrant sex work and sex trafficking, leading to misidentification at the border; and an emphasis on border security measures over victim support. Recommendations for enhanced responses are provided.

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