Intersections between Human Trafficking and Education: Toward New Research Agendas

Human trafficking is a social issue that has gained attention in the media and in scholarship. A growing number of anti-trafficking organizations and actors have begun to use education to diverse ends. Although not often associated with human trafficking, education is a common tool used by anti-trafficking organizations, whether as a prevention tool to reduce the vulnerability of people at-risk of trafficking, or as a service to trafficking survivors to improve their lives. Lack of access to education, or to quality education, is also a factor in exposure to human trafficking, whether that be in terms of debt bondage, domestic servitude, forced labor, child marriage or other issues related to human trafficking. More explicit connections need to be made between the work being done in anti-trafficking spheres and the scholarship of education in order to better understand how to improve the quality and effectiveness of education-related efforts. This essay explores the connections between human trafficking and education.

A CRITICAL DISCOURSE OF GIRL-CHILD MARRIAGE/SLAVERY IN SELECTED NIGERIAN FILM

Until recent past, girl-child slavery/marriage, guided by unscrupulous African culture, has posed as major practice in the Nigerian state in the 21stCentury. This cankerworm, manifesting through early marriage, money marriage, commercial sexual exploitation, domestic servitude, and other forms of abuses on the women folk, weakens women participation in economic, political, religious, and social development, thus, increases the issues of pain, suffering, sickness, and death of the people and underdevelopment to the Nigerian 5state as portrayed in Stephanie Linus Dry. Dry is a 21st century film that interrogates girl-child marriage/slavery, money marriage, discrimination, deprivation and inequality against the women. Amongst the major findings is that girl-child marriage/slavery has provided impetus for dramatic and argumentative representations by critics and dramatist over the years, yet, the menace is highly prevalent in the Nigerian state in the 21st century, mostly in the Northern regions. The study therefore aims at interrogating the cause and effects of girl-child marriage/slavery in the Nigerian state in the 21st century. To achieve this, Radical Feminism Theory and Content Analytical Methodology are used as guide. More so, the study recommends that any culture, tradition, or norm that is responsible that for girl-child marriage/slavery in the Nigerian space should be abolished for equity and development to be ascertained.

A TEXTUAL DISCOURSE OF MIGRATION AND HUMAN TRAFFICKING IN ABC DURUAKU’S A MIRAGE FOR A DREAM

Until recent time, Migration, a veritable tool for industrial enhancement, economic development, political inclination, scientific and technological discoveries, and social obligations has ironic positions, whose another view, geared by exploitation from the mid-twentieth century to twenty-first century, somewhat affects the centuries before them. This is made possible through its inclusion of illicit transactions, such as labour and commercial sexual exploitation, human trafficking, forced labour, child soldiers, drug trafficking, domestic servitude, and the removal of organs or tissue for sale as portrayed in ABC Duruaku’s A Mirage for a Dream. This menace is meticulously alarming especially in the Nigerian state in the 21st century. This cankerworm, caused by corruption, poverty, weak governmental system and unemployment ultimately triggered malicious activities like prostitution, armed robbery, kidnapping, incessant killings, and rape, thus, increased pain, suffering, sickness and death among the people and ridicules the identity of the Nigerian nation, thereafter, threatens its existence as a sovereign states. Amongst the major findings is that human trafficking has created a lot of creative punches and dramatic representations by critics and dramatists over the years, yet the issue is heinously prevalent. The study therefore aims at interrogating the connection between migration and human trafficking in the Nigerian society, as portrayed in ABC Duruaku’s A Mirage for a Dream. To achieve this, General System Theory and Content Analytical Methodology are employed. The study, therefore, recommends the establishment of an agency to monitor all cases of migration and human trafficking in the Nigerian state.

Freedom from Violence and Exploitation

This chapter explores the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights in relation to violence against, and exploitation of, children. It considers the extensive case law of the Court surrounding corporal punishment (in judicial settings, in schools, and in the home), as well as the positive obligation on states to protect children from parental child abuse. It also considers the protection provided for children from sexual violence by the Convention, including the requirement of child-sensitive procedures. Finally, it examines the Court’s jurisprudence concerning child marriage, and forced or compulsory labour, servitude, and slavery, particularly in the context of military service and domestic servitude.

Global Commercial and Sexual Exploitation of Children

The term commercial sexual exploitation of children (CSEC) refers to the for-profit sexual exploitation of children and youth through buying, trading, or selling sexual acts. CSEC is a subset of children and youth who are victims of human trafficking or trafficking in persons (TIP). The Stockholm Declaration defines CSEC as a form of coercion and violence against children that amounts to forced labor and a contemporary form of slavery; there are many forms of CSEC, including child prostitution, child marriage, early marriage, forced marriage, temporary marriage, mail-order brides, child labor, child servitude, domestic servitude, begging, massage, sex tourism, child pornography, online streaming of sexual abuse, sexual extortion of children, and sexual solicitation of children. Not all experiences of sexual servitude are globally recognized. It is critical to explore the concepts of race, inequality, power, culture, and globalization and how they impact the commercial sexual exploitation of children.

INTRODUCTION TO THE PROBLEM OF MODERN SLAVERY

Modern slavery is gradually becoming one of the most widespread crimes in the world. A conscious understanding of the issue is an extremely important part of the process of tackling this problem. The aim of this work is to introduce the reader to the issue of human trafficking and its most common forms. The phenomenon splits in to the following main branches: sex trafficking, forced labour, debt bondage, domestic servitude, forced marriage, forced criminality and organ harvesting. Modern-day slavery happens all around us and at a surprisingly high rate.

Australia’s Modern Slavery Act: Challenges for a post-COVID world?

When the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) struck in early 2020, the Commonwealth government eased reporting deadlines and extended the date for firms required to submit modern slavery statements under Australia’s Modern Slavery Act 2018 (Cth). The economic recession caused by COVID-19 has produced the necessary conditions for further exploitation and enslavement of vulnerable individuals. This article asserts that, even without COVID-19, the Modern Slavery Act 2018 (Cth) in its current form will do little to address forms of modern slavery such as sexual exploitation, forced marriage, trafficking and domestic servitude. This is because the Modern Slavery Act 2018 (Cth) primarily targets labour exploitation and requires suppliers to voluntarily disclose their involvement with modern slavery.

Louise Spieker Rankin’s Global Souths:An American Cookbook for India and Culinary Imperialism

In 1933, Louise Spieker Rankin published the first edition of An American Cookbook for India, a recipe and household manual for American women who, like herself, found themselves living as expatriates in India with little or no prior knowledge of domestic life in subcontinental Asia. While Rankin’s cookbook builds upon the preexisting body of Anglo-Indian colonial cookbooks produced by the women of the British Raj, what renders the second edition of An American Cookbook for India (published in 1944) worthy of examination is how it connects one global south—Rankin’s homeland of the American South—to another, South Asia. In Rankin’s network of global souths, the troubling legacy of American slavery and domestic servitude by people of color are superimposed onto India through an extension of U.S. imperialism—in this case, through a complicated form of culinary imperialism in which male Indian cooks continue the work of the "mammies" of the “Old South” by replicating nostalgic southern recipes and perpetuating white supremacy. As I contend, a significant part of this gendered, racist, imperialist project is also the elision, or at best selective representation, of two wars—the American Civil War and World War II—which are eclipsed by the mythmaking that accompanies An American Cookbook for India.

SLAVERY IN CHARLES DICKENS’ NOVEL OLIVER TWIST

This research discusses the slavery experienced by the characters in the Oliver Twist novel. Those who have no family and no place to stay eventually become slaves who are forced to work for the benefit of the owner. They are treated as property and often get physical violence. This research aims to analyze the types of slavery that are reflected in Oliver Twist novel. This research using descriptive qualitative methods. Researchers used the Marxist approach and slavery theory to find the types of slavery contained in Oliver Twist novel. From the results of the analysis, it was found that there are 4 types of slavery in Oliver Twist novel, namely forced labor, sex slavery, child slavery and domestic servitude.