scholarly journals The Effect of Landscape Trees on Residential Property Values of Six Communities in Cincinnati, Ohio

2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelley Dimke ◽  
T. Davis Sydnor ◽  
David Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Urban Forest ◽  
Property Values ◽  
Urban Forestry ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Tree Cover ◽  
Sale Price ◽  
Average Value ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

The value of the urban forest as a component of the urban environment is significant. Trees provide both environmental and social benefits to urban dwellers. In many cities, financial support for urban forestry is on the decline. The objective of this research was to evaluate the impact trees have on property values of six communities (Bond Hill, Carthage, Clifton, Hyde Park, Kennedy Heights, and North Avondale) of varying socioeconomic levels in Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S. Tax assessor records were obtained for property sales between the years 2000 and 2005. One hundred sites were randomly selected from each of the six communities. Data were collected from each site during the winter as well as the summer months. Dominant genus, caliper of dominant genus, estimate of tree cover, and overall property maintenance were recorded. The hedonic method was used for this analysis. The average (mean) effect of tree canopy across all six communities was an increase of approximately USD $780 per one percent increase in tree cover. The mean sale price across the 600 sites was $188,730; the mean canopy cover was 25.8%. This indicates the average value of tree canopy is $20,226 or 10.7% of the sale price of the home.

The Influence of Canopy Cover on Property Values in a Small Southern US City

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 262-275
Author(s):  
Lee Bridges ◽  
Stephen Grado ◽  
Jason Gordon ◽  
Donald Grebner ◽  
John Kushla
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Forest Canopy ◽  
Urban Forest ◽  
Property Values ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
The United States ◽  
Residential Property ◽  
Southern Us ◽  
Residential Property Values ◽  
The Impact

Urban forests have been shown to impact residential property values in the United States and other countries. This study demonstrates a hedonic pricing analysis estimating the impact of urban forest canopy cover on single-family residential property values using Lakeland, Tennessee, during the period of 2001 to 2005 as a typical study area for the southern United States. Canopy cover on the lot was not a significant contributor to property values. However, a 1.0% increase in canopy within buffers of 100 m, 500 m, and 1 km surrounding the lot was associated with a 0.12%, 0.17%, and 0.21% increase in home sales prices, respectively. Although the percentage increases were small, given the price of a home in areas like these, the dollar values were high. These results can be used to assist urban planners and policy makers in prioritizing forested lands for conservation and to evaluate economic effects of urban forestry policies and programs.

Evaluating Urban Canopy Cover Before and After Housing Redevelopment in Falls Church, Virginia, USA

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-26
Author(s):  
David Chojnacky ◽  
Emily Smith-McKenna ◽  
Laura Johnson ◽  
John McGee ◽  
Cindy Chojnacky
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Urban Forest ◽  
Urban Canopy ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Forest Recovery ◽  
Tree Cover ◽  
The City

Local governments have created regulations aimed to maintain and increase valuable urban tree cover. The City of Falls Church, Virginia, USA, requires each residential redevelopment to retain or plant enough trees for 20% canopy cover within ten years. To assess whether this goal is being met, we studied 21 Falls Church residential lots redeveloped between 1994 and 2011 where existing houses had been replaced with larger ones. Initial tree inventories and measurements prior to redevelopment were recorded in redevelopment plans. We remeasured preserved and planted trees in a ground survey and modeled tree canopy growth from a periodic tree diameter growth model linked to a model relating tree and crown diameters. Geospatial analysis was used to calculate nonoverlapping canopy cover within lots from crown diameter measurements and/or model predictions. We found that the City of Falls Church generally met its 20% canopy cover goal, but that the canopy cover metric alone is insufficient to fully describe urban forest recovery. Although canopy cover might recover rapidly from planting many small trees, recovery to the larger tree sizes that maximize ecosystem services can take much longer. Our modeling of lot-scale growth from field measurements showed the potential to manage forests using traditional diameter-based forest metrics that would relate results to canopy cover when needed. These forest stand metrics—based on basal area and trees per hectare—can account for tree size changes masked by the canopy cover metric.

scholarly journals Trade-off of Tree Conservation and Crop Production on Agroforestry Parklands in Burkina Faso

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Tiga Neya ◽  
Akwasi. A. Abunyewa ◽  
Oblé Neya ◽  
Daniel Callo-Concha
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Tree Cover ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Tree Canopy Cover ◽  
Agroforestry Parkland ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Individual Trees

Rapid population growth coupled with food demand make land for agriculture scarcer obliging farmers to make use of any available piece of land at their disposal for crops production. This preferential use of land for crops production may appear to be competitive with tree keeping on farm. To elucidate that, the trade-off between crop production and tree conservation on farms was assessed in Bouroum-Bourmoum, Sapouy and Ouahigouya, three municipalities of Burkina Faso. More than 3 000 individual trees which spreading was 1 154 in Bouroum-Bourom, 884 in Ouahigouya and 1 054 in Sapouy were used. The mean tree canopy cover and tree cover in the farms were calculated. The three principal crops (millet, red sorghum and white sorghum) yield were used to estimate the trade-off using the mean tree canopy cover as the potential no cropping area. The results revealed a tree canopy cover of 66.25 m2 in Bouroum-Bourom, 59.92 m2 in Sapouy and 42.1 m2 in Ouahigouya. The average tree cover was 23.99% in Bouroum-Bouroum, 18.23% in Sapouy and 14.88% in Ouahigouya. This represents a loss in grain production of 109.5 kg/ha in Bouroum-Bouroum, 247.6 kg/ha in Sapouy and 252.8kg/ha in Ouahigouya. A higher tree cover implies a higher trade-off in the agroforestry parkland and suggests reduction in tree density. There is urgent need to work out the balance between smallholders’ farmer continuous requirement for increase food crop production and the need to maintain tree diversity in the farm for carbon credit payment promotion.

scholarly journals Diversity of Medicinal Plants among Different Tree Canopies

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2640
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zubair ◽  
Akash Jamil ◽  
Syed Bilal Hussain ◽  
Ahsan Ul Haq ◽  
Ahmad Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Tree Cover ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
Floral Diversity ◽  
Tree Canopy Cover ◽  
Closed Canopy

The moist temperate forests in Northern Pakistan are home to a variety of flora and fauna that are pivotal in sustaining the livelihoods of the local communities. In these forests, distribution and richness of vegetation, especially that of medicinal plants, is rarely reported. In this study, we carried out a vegetation survey in District Balakot, located in Northeastern Pakistan, to characterize the diversity of medicinal plants under different canopies of coniferous forest. The experimental site was divided into three major categories (viz., closed canopy, open spaces, and partial tree cover). A sampling plot of 100 m2 was established on each site to measure species diversity, dominance, and evenness. To observe richness and abundance, the rarefaction and rank abundance curves were plotted. Results revealed that a total of 45 species representing 34 families were available in the study site. Medicinal plants were the most abundant (45%) followed by edible plants (26%). Tree canopy cover affected the overall growth of medicinal plants on the basis of abundance and richness. The site with partial canopy exhibited the highest diversity, dominance, and abundance compared to open spaces and closed canopy. These findings are instrumental in identifying the wealth of the medicinal floral diversity in the northeastern temperate forest of Balakot and the opportunity to sustain the livelihoods of local communities with the help of public/private partnership.

scholarly journals Do Trees in Halifax Grow on Money?: A Comparison of Urban Tree Canopy Cover and Median Household Income in North End and South End Halifax

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kendra Marshman
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Urban Forest ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Median Household Income ◽  
Tree Canopy Cover ◽  
Urban Tree Canopy ◽  
Statistics Canada ◽  
North End

Trees in the city provide numerous ecological, health, and social benefits to urban residents. Studies from large North American cities have confirmed a spatial pattern that higher urban forest tree canopy positively correlates with higher levels of affluence. The just distribution of trees will become increasingly important for urban planners and foresters as there is a national trend towards living in cities. This research report investigates the equity of distribution of urban tree canopy cover in two neighbourhoods on the peninsula of Halifax, Nova Scotia. High spatial resolution land cover data from 2007 and 2006 Statistics Canada census data was used to create maps and tables to answer the research question. The socio-economic indicators of median household income and population density are represented based on census tract dissemination areas from the 2006 Statistics Canada long survey. Preliminary results indicate lower median household income and higher population density in the chosen study area of North End Halifax compared to higher median household income and lower population density in the chosen study area of South End Halifax. Tree canopy cover density is slightly lower in North End Halifax (5.3%) than in South End Halifax (7.6%). These preliminary results coincide with findings of other researchers that higher household income and lower population density at the neighbourhood level may result in increased urban forest canopy. However, further research and more reliant tree canopy cover data is needed to determine the accuracy of these findings. 

scholarly journals Tree Species Diversity and Socioeconomic Perspectives of the Urban (Food) Forest of Accra, Ghana

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bertrand Nero ◽  
Nana Kwapong ◽  
Raymond Jatta ◽  
Oluwole Fatunbi
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Food System ◽  
Food Policy ◽  
Urban Forest ◽  
Urban Forestry ◽  
Tree Cover ◽  
Land Use Types ◽  
The City

Urban and peri-urban forestry has emerged as a complementary measure to contribute towards eliminating urban hunger and improved nutritional security. However, there is scanty knowledge about the composition, diversity, and socioeconomic contributions of urban food trees in African cities. This paper examines the diversity and composition of the urban forest and food trees of Accra and sheds light on perceptions of urbanites regarding food tree cultivation and availability in the city. Using a mixed methods approach, 105 respondents in six neighborhoods of Accra were interviewed while over 200 plots (100-m2 each) were surveyed across five land use types. Twenty-two out of the 70 woody species in Accra have edible parts (leaves, fruits, flowers, etc.). The food-tree abundance in the city is about half of the total number of trees enumerated. The species richness and abundance of the food trees and all trees in the city were significantly different among land use types (p < 0.0001) and neighborhood types (p < 0.0001). The diversity of food-bearing tree species was much higher in the poorer neighborhoods than in the wealthier neighborhoods. Respondents in wealthier neighborhoods indicated that tree and food-tree cover of the city was generally low and showed greater interest in cultivating food (fruit) trees and expanding urban forest cover than poorer neighborhoods. These findings demonstrate the need for urban food policy reforms that integrate urban-grown tree foods in the urban food system/culture.

scholarly journals ASSESSING URBAN FOREST CANOPY COVER IN GREAT PLAIN CONSERVATION AREA (DÜZCE CITY, TURKEY) BETWEEN 1984 AND 2015

2021 ◽  
Vol XLVI-4/W5-2021 ◽  
pp. 539-544
Author(s):  
Z. Uçar ◽  
R. Eker ◽  
A. Aydin
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Forest Canopy ◽  
Urban Forest ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Urban Trees ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Urban Tree ◽  
Tree Canopy Cover ◽  
Urban Tree Canopy

Abstract. Urban trees and forests are essential components of the urban environment. They can provide numerous ecosystem services and goods, including but not limited to recreational opportunities and aesthetic values, removal of air pollutants, improving air and water quality, providing shade and cooling effect, reducing energy use, and storage of atmospheric CO2. However, urban trees and forests have been in danger of being lost by dense housing resulting from population growth in the cities since the 1950s, leading to increased local temperature, pollution level, and flooding risk. Thus, determining the status of urban trees and forests is necessary for comprehensive understanding and quantifying the ecosystem services and goods. Tree canopy cover is a relatively quick, easy to obtain, and cost-effective urban forestry metric broadly used to estimate ecosystem services and goods of the urban forest. This study aimed to determine urban forest canopy cover areas and monitor the changes between 1984–2015 for the Great Plain Conservation area (GPCA) that has been declared as a conservation Area (GPCA) in 2017, located on the border of Düzce City (Western Black Sea Region of Turkey). Although GPCA is a conservation area for agricultural purposes, it consists of the city center with 250,000 population and most settlement areas. A random point sampling approach, the most common sampling approach, was applied to estimate urban tree canopy cover and their changes over time from historical aerial imageries. Tree canopy cover ranged from 16.0% to 27.4% within the study period. The changes in urban canopy cover between 1984–1999 and 1999–2015 were statistically significant, while there was no statistical difference compared to the changes in tree canopy cover between 1984–2015. The result of the study suggested that an accurate estimate of urban tree canopy cover and monitoring long-term canopy cover changes are essential to determine the current situation and the trends for the future. It will help city planners and policymakers in decision-making processes for the future of urban areas.

scholarly journals The Impact of Statewide Urban Forestry Programs: A Survey of Cities in Oregon, U.S.

2007 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 168-175
Author(s):  
Paul Ries ◽  
A. Scott Reed ◽  
Sarah Kresse
Keyword(s):  
Urban Forest ◽  
Urban Forestry ◽  
Forest Resource ◽  
Assistance Program ◽  
Local Program ◽  
Program Components ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Forestry Programs ◽  
Urban Forest Management ◽  
Insight Into

All 50 U.S. states have a state urban forestry program that provides assistance to cities. Statewide surveys of city urban forestry leaders are a common tool for assessing urban forestry needs and accomplishments. Oregon has conducted two such comprehensive surveys, in 1992 and 2004. The 2004 survey was designed to gain insight into the scope and extent of the urban forest resource in Oregon to measure local program accomplishment since 1992 and to measure the impact of a statewide urban forestry assistance program. The survey had a return rate of 51%, and the results show differences among small, medium, and large communities. Results show that Oregon cities have made significant gains in urban forest management over the last 12 years. The data reveal insights of local urban foresters relative to tree-related issues and outcomes of local efforts. This research illustrates the impact a state urban forestry assistance program can have on local program accomplishment. Oregon cities that have received state assistance are more likely to have urban forestry program components such as tree ordinances and inventories, are more likely to be Tree City USA communities, and are more likely to be investing in urban forestry activities.

scholarly journals An Assessment of Global Forest Change Datasets for National Forest Monitoring and Reporting

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolaos Galiatsatos ◽  
Daniel N.M. Donoghue ◽  
Pete Watt ◽  
Pradeepa Bholanath ◽  
Jeffrey Pickering ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reference Data ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Tree Cover ◽  
Forest Loss ◽  
National Forest ◽  
Forest Change ◽  
Tree Canopy Cover ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Year 2000

Global Forest Change datasets have the potential to assist countries with national forest measuring, reporting and verification (MRV) requirements. This paper assesses the accuracy of the Global Forest Change data against nationally derived forest change data by comparing the forest loss estimates from the global data with the equivalent data from Guyana for the period 2001–2017. To perform a meaningful comparison between these two datasets, the initial year 2000 forest state needs first to be matched to the definition of forest land cover appropriate to a local national setting. In Guyana, the default definition of 30% tree cover overestimates forest area is by 483,000 ha (18.15%). However, by using a tree canopy cover (i.e., density of tree canopy coverage metric) threshold of 94%, a close match between the Guyana-MRV non-forest area and the Global Forest Change dataset is achieved with a difference of only 24,210 ha (0.91%) between the two maps. A complimentary analysis using a two-stage stratified random sampling design showed the 94% tree canopy cover threshold gave a close correspondence (R2 = 0.98) with the Guyana-MRV data, while the Global Forest Change default setting of 30% tree canopy cover threshold gave a poorer fit (R2 = 0.91). Having aligned the definitions of forest for the Global Forest Change and the Guyana-MRV products for the year 2000, we show that over the period 2001–2017 the Global Forest Change data yielded a 99.34% overall Correspondence with the reference data and a 94.35% Producer’s Accuracy. The Guyana-MRV data yielded a 99.36% overall Correspondence with the reference data and a 95.94% Producer’s Accuracy. A year-by-year analysis of change from 2001–2017 shows that in some years, the Global Forest Change dataset underestimates change, and in other years, such as 2016 and 2017, change is detected that is not forest loss or gain, hence the apparent overestimation. The conclusion is that, when suitably calibrated for percentage tree cover, the Global Forest Change datasets give a good first approximation of forest loss (and, probably, gains). However, in countries with large areas of forest cover and low levels of deforestation, these data should not be relied upon to provide a precise annual loss/gain or rate of change estimate for audit purposes without using independent high-quality reference data.

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