scholarly journals Three-dimensional Ultrasound in Detection of Fetal Anomalies

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 214-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ritsuko K Pooh
Keyword(s):  
Light Source ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Ultrasound ◽  
Fetal Anomalies ◽  
High Definition ◽  
Ultrasound Technique ◽  
Great Achievement ◽  
4D Ultrasound

ABSTRACT In the history of 3D/4D ultrasound technology, the great achievement was high definition (HD) live technology. This technology is a novel ultrasound technique that improves the 3D/4D images. HDlive ultrasound has resulted in remarkable progress in visualization of early embryos and fetuses and in the development of sonoembryology. HDlive uses an adjustable light source and software that calculates the propagation of light through surface structures in relation to the light direction. The virtual light source produces selective illumination, and the respective shadows are created by the structures where the light is reflected. This combination of light and shadows increases depth perception and produces remarkable images that are more natural than those obtained with classic three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound. The virtual light can be placed in the front, back, or lateral sides, where viewing is desired until the best image is achieved. A great advantage is that the soft can be applied to all images stored in the machine's memory. With HDlive ultrasound, both structural and functional developments can be assessed from early pregnancy more objectively and reliably and, indeed, the new technology has moved embryology from postmortem studies to the in vivo environment. Practically, in obstetrical ultrasound, HDlive could be used during all three trimesters of pregnancy. How to cite this article Pooh RK, Kurjak A. Three-dimensional Ultrasound in Detection of Fetal Anomalies. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2016;10(3):214-234.

Three-dimensional HDlive Thick-Slice Silhouette of Fetal Brain

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Ritsuko K Pooh
Keyword(s):  
Obstet Gynecol ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Fetal Brain ◽  
Normal Brain ◽  
Fetal Anomalies ◽  
High Definition ◽  
Brain Image ◽  
Great Achievement ◽  
4D Ultrasound

ABSTRACT Three-dimensional (3D) and four-dimensional (4D) ultrasound have improved our knowledge regarding the development of the embryo and fetus and of a great number of fetal anomalies. The great achievement in the field of 3D/4D ultrasound is high definition live (HDlive) technology and HDlive silhouette/flow technology. HDlive silhouette emphasizes the borderlines between organs with different echogenicity and it can be appropriately named as ‘see-through fashion’. However, it occasionally appears to demonstrate too many inner structures overlapping one another to understand their relations. The author has cut the volume dataset with a rectangle cube and rendered the cut slice with silhouette ultrasound and called as ‘thick-slice silhouette’. Normal brain image in the coronal cutting section by thick-slice silhouette imaging is the picture of the month. This method is useful to identify the inner structure of the organs. How to cite this article Pooh RK. Three-dimensional HDlive Thick-Slice Silhouette of Fetal Brain. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2016;10(1):1-2.

scholarly journals Three-dimensional/Four-dimensional Sonography moved Prenatal Diagnosis of Fetal Anomalies from the Second to the First Trimester of Pregnancy

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 376-390
Author(s):  
Ritsuko K Pooh
Keyword(s):  
Prenatal Diagnosis ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Fetal Anomalies ◽  
Diagnostic Modality ◽  
Functional Development ◽  
Early Embryos ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy

ABSTRACT The introduction of three-dimensional (3D)/four-dimensional (4D) sonography with high-frequency transvaginal transducer has resulted in remarkable progress in ultrasonographic visualization of early embryos and fetuses and development of new fields of 3D sonoembryology. With the proper use of this new diagnostic modality and with experienced examiner, both structural and functional development in the first trimester of gestation can be assessed more objectively and reliable. Indeed, new technology moved embryology from postmortem studies to the in vivo environment. Furthermore, there are good reasons to believe that 3D/4D sonography moved prenatal diagnosis of fetal abnormalities from the second to the first trimester of pregnancy. We will try to illustrate it with the number of convincing figures. How to cite this article Pooh RK, Kurjak A. Three-dimensional/ Four-dimensional Sonography moved Prenatal Diagnosis of Fetal Anomalies from the Second to the First Trimester of Pregnancy. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2012;6(4):376-390.

scholarly journals The Role of HDlive Technology in Obstetrics and Gynecology, Present and Future

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 234-238
Author(s):  
Mihaela Grigore ◽  
Camelia Cojocaru ◽  
Tudor Lazar
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Ultrasound ◽  
Early Embryo ◽  
Obstetrics And Gynecology ◽  
Ultrasound Images ◽  
High Definition ◽  
Maternal Bonding ◽  
4D Ultrasound

ABSTRACT Imaging techniques have continually evolved during the last few decades to improve diagnosis in obstetrics and gynecology. Developed more than 15 years ago, three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound has been widely used in clinical practice during the last decade, and its use continues to grow as researchers explore innovative new applications. High definition live (HDlive) ultrasound (US) is a novel ultrasound technology that improves both 3D and four-dimensional (4D) ultrasound images. This technology can mainly be used to study normal and pathologic embryonic and fetal development. HDlive could be important to perinatal research and could provide a better understanding of the development of the early embryo and fetus. Because of the natural pictures of the fetus that it provides, HDlive could be beneficial for increasing the fetal-maternal bonding, an important factor for healthy behavior during the pregnancy. In gynecology, HDlive could be useful in providing a better image of the adnexal pathology or coronal plane of the uterus. Although its advantages need to be further explored, in our opinion, HDlive is an innovative technique and a useful tool with applications both in obstetrics and gynecology. How to cite this article Grigore M, Cojocaru C, Lazar T. The Role of HDlive Technology in Obstetrics and Gynecology, Present and Future. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2014;8(3):234-238.

Novel application of three-dimensional HDlive imaging in prenatal diagnosis from the first trimester

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ritsuko Kimata Pooh ◽  
Asim Kurjak
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
High Definition ◽  
Noninvasive Diagnostics ◽  
Anatomy And Physiology ◽  
Early Human Development ◽  
2D Ultrasound ◽  
Early Human

AbstractRecent development of three-dimensional (3D) high definition (HD) ultrasound has resulted in remarkable progress in visualization of early embryos and fetuses in sonoembryology. The new technology of HDlive assesses both structural and functional developments in the first trimester with greater reliably than two-dimensional (2D) ultrasound. The ability to visualize not only fetal face, hands, fingers, feet, and toes, but also amniotic membranes, is better with volumetric ultrasound than 2D ultrasound. In this article, detailed and comprehensive structures of normal and abnormal fetuses depicted by 3D HDlive are presented, including various faces of Down’s syndrome and holoprosencephaly, as well as low-set ear and finger/toe abnormalities from the first trimester. Three-dimensional HDlive further “humanizes” the fetus, enables detailed observation of the fetal face in the first trimester as shown in this article, and reveals that a small fetus is not more a fetus but a “person” from the first trimester. There has been an immense acceleration in understanding of early human development. The anatomy and physiology of embryonic development is a field where medicine exerts greatest impact on early pregnancy at present, and it opens fascinating aspects of embryonic differentiation. Clinical assessment of those stages of growth relies heavily on 3D/four-dimensional (4D) HDlive, one of the most promising forms of noninvasive diagnostics and embryological phenomena, once matters for textbooks are now routinely recorded with outstanding clarity. New advances deserve the adjective “breathtaking”, including 4D parallel study of the structural and functional early human development.

Quantitative Analysis of Coronary Atherosclerosis by Intra Vascular Ultrasound

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (S2) ◽  
pp. 311-312
Author(s):  
D. G. Vince ◽  
R. Shekhar ◽  
R. M. Cothren ◽  
S. E. Nissen ◽  
E. M. Tuzcu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Technology ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Plaque Morphology ◽  
Reconstruction Technique ◽  
Human Coronary Artery ◽  
Geometric Information ◽  
Clinical Syndromes ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Human Coronary Artery Disease

Traditional methods for studying human coronary artery disease have significant limitations. Angiography allows evaluation only of the geometry of the remaining lumen; it cannot provide information on the structural or cellular composition of the arterial wall, which is essential to understand the processes involved in the progression of atherosclerosis. Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) imaging is a new technology that permits tomographical visualization of a cross section through the vessel wall (Fig 1 A.) The development and refinement of IVUS has provided a powerful in vivo method to assess plaque morphology. Recent clinical studies have documented its sensitivity in detecting atherosclerosis, and it is increasingly employed to assist in selecting an appropriate therapeutic intervention. Perhaps more importantly, the potential of IVUS to quantify the structure and geometry of normal and atherosclerotic coronary arteries will allow one to characterize specific lesions and to differentiate the plaques that lead to various clinical syndromes. This study presents a three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction technique suitable for clinical use that accurately preserves 3D geometric information throughout the cardiac cycle without requiring mechanical IVUS catheter withdrawal aids.

Maternal-Fetal Bonding: Ultrasound Imaging's Role in enhancing This Important Relationship

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 408-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kallie Appleton ◽  
Aparna Atluru
Keyword(s):  
Obstet Gynecol ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Unborn Child ◽  
Fetal Demise ◽  
4D Ultrasound ◽  
Important Relationship ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
2D Ultrasound

ABSTRACT New technology in ultrasound imaging is allowing women to view more visually precise images of their fetuses than ever before. Maternal-fetal bonding describes the attachment interaction that forms between a mother and her unborn child. Ultrasound diagnosis modalities including two-dimensional (2D), three-dimensional (3D) and four-dimensional (4D) may create differences in the amount of maternal-fetal bonding, depending on the modality used. When relevant literature was reviewed on this topic, no significant difference between maternal-fetal bonding was found when comparing 2D vs 3D vs 4D ultrasound. However, certain measures such as a perceived feeling of closeness to the baby were higher with 3D and 4D ultrasounds as compared with 2D ultrasound. Further exploration is needed to ascertain whether different ultrasound modalities have an effect on maternal-fetal bonding in multigestational pregnancies, pregnancies in which there is fetal demise, and to overall examine the effects of using ultrasound for nonmedical ‘entertainment’ purposes by prospective mothers. How to cite this article Atluru A, Appleton K, Kupesic Plavsic S. Maternal-Fetal Bonding: Ultrasound Imaging's Role in enhancing This Important Relationship. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2012;6(4):408-411.

scholarly journals The Posterior Lumbar Epidural Space: Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of High-Resolution MRI: Real and Potential Epidural Spaces and Their Content In Vivo

Pain Medicine ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 1687-1696 ◽  
Author(s):  
André P Boezaart ◽  
Alberto Prats-Galino ◽  
Olga C Nin ◽  
Anna Carrera ◽  
José Barberán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Epidural Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
High Definition ◽  
3D Reconstructions ◽  
Inferior Margin ◽  
Fibrous Body ◽  
Dural Sac

Abstract Objective Our aim was to study the posterior lumbar epidural space with 3D reconstructions of magnetic resonance images (MRIs) and to compare and validate the findings with targeted anatomic microdissections. Design We performed 3D reconstructions of high-resolution MRIs from seven patients and normal-resolution MRIs commonly used in clinical practice from 196 other random patients. We then dissected and photographed the lumbar spine areas of four fresh cadavers. Results From the 3D reconstructions of the MRIs, we verified that the distribution of the posterior fat pad had an irregular shape that resembled a truncated pyramid. It spanned between the superior margin of the lamina of the caudad vertebra and beyond the inferior margin to almost halfway underneath the cephalad lamina of the cranial vertebra, and it was not longitudinally or circumferentially continuous. The 3D reconstructions of the high-definition MRI also consistently revealed a prelaminar fibrous body that was not seen in most of the usually used low-definition MRI reconstructions. Targeted microdissections confirmed the 3D reconstruction findings and also showed the prelaminar tissue body to be fibrous, crossing from side to side anterior to the cephalad half of each lamina, and spanning from the dural sac to the laminae. Conclusions Three-dimensional reconstructions and targeted microdissection revealed the unique appearance of posterior fat pads and a prelaminar fibrous body. The exact consistency, presence, prevalence with age, presence in other regions, and function of this body are unknown and require further research.

Strain Mapping From Four-Dimensional Ultrasound Reveals Complex Remodeling in Dissecting Murine Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms

2019 ◽  
Vol 141 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah L. Cebull ◽  
Arvin H. Soepriatna ◽  
John J. Boyle ◽  
Sean M. Rothenberger ◽  
Craig J. Goergen
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Aortic Aneurysms ◽  
Maximum Diameter ◽  
High Frequency Ultrasound ◽  
4D Ultrasound ◽  
Abdominal Aortic ◽  
Lagrange Strain ◽  
Aortic Strain

Current in vivo abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) imaging approaches tend to focus on maximum diameter but do not measure three-dimensional (3D) vascular deformation or strain. Complex vessel geometries, heterogeneous wall compositions, and surrounding structures can all influence aortic strain. Improved understanding of complex aortic kinematics has the potential to increase our ability to predict aneurysm expansion and eventual rupture. Here, we describe a method that combines four-dimensional (4D) ultrasound and direct deformation estimation to compute in vivo 3D Green-Lagrange strain in murine angiotensin II-induced suprarenal dissecting aortic aneurysms, a commonly used small animal model. We compared heterogeneous patterns of the maximum, first-component 3D Green-Lagrange strain with vessel composition from mice with varying AAA morphologies. Intramural thrombus and focal breakage in the medial elastin significantly reduced aortic strain. Interestingly, a dissection that was not detected with high-frequency ultrasound also experienced reduced strain, suggesting medial elastin breakage that was later confirmed via histology. These results suggest that in vivo measurements of 3D strain can provide improved insight into aneurysm disease progression. While further work is needed with both preclinical animal models and human imaging studies, this initial murine study indicates that vessel strain should be considered when developing an improved metric for predicting aneurysm growth and rupture.

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