Maternal-Fetal Bonding: Ultrasound Imaging's Role in enhancing This Important Relationship

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 408-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kallie Appleton ◽  
Aparna Atluru
Keyword(s):  
Obstet Gynecol ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Unborn Child ◽  
Fetal Demise ◽  
4D Ultrasound ◽  
Important Relationship ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
2D Ultrasound

ABSTRACT New technology in ultrasound imaging is allowing women to view more visually precise images of their fetuses than ever before. Maternal-fetal bonding describes the attachment interaction that forms between a mother and her unborn child. Ultrasound diagnosis modalities including two-dimensional (2D), three-dimensional (3D) and four-dimensional (4D) may create differences in the amount of maternal-fetal bonding, depending on the modality used. When relevant literature was reviewed on this topic, no significant difference between maternal-fetal bonding was found when comparing 2D vs 3D vs 4D ultrasound. However, certain measures such as a perceived feeling of closeness to the baby were higher with 3D and 4D ultrasounds as compared with 2D ultrasound. Further exploration is needed to ascertain whether different ultrasound modalities have an effect on maternal-fetal bonding in multigestational pregnancies, pregnancies in which there is fetal demise, and to overall examine the effects of using ultrasound for nonmedical ‘entertainment’ purposes by prospective mothers. How to cite this article Atluru A, Appleton K, Kupesic Plavsic S. Maternal-Fetal Bonding: Ultrasound Imaging's Role in enhancing This Important Relationship. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2012;6(4):408-411.

Novel application of three-dimensional HDlive imaging in prenatal diagnosis from the first trimester

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ritsuko Kimata Pooh ◽  
Asim Kurjak
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
High Definition ◽  
Noninvasive Diagnostics ◽  
Anatomy And Physiology ◽  
Early Human Development ◽  
2D Ultrasound ◽  
Early Human

AbstractRecent development of three-dimensional (3D) high definition (HD) ultrasound has resulted in remarkable progress in visualization of early embryos and fetuses in sonoembryology. The new technology of HDlive assesses both structural and functional developments in the first trimester with greater reliably than two-dimensional (2D) ultrasound. The ability to visualize not only fetal face, hands, fingers, feet, and toes, but also amniotic membranes, is better with volumetric ultrasound than 2D ultrasound. In this article, detailed and comprehensive structures of normal and abnormal fetuses depicted by 3D HDlive are presented, including various faces of Down’s syndrome and holoprosencephaly, as well as low-set ear and finger/toe abnormalities from the first trimester. Three-dimensional HDlive further “humanizes” the fetus, enables detailed observation of the fetal face in the first trimester as shown in this article, and reveals that a small fetus is not more a fetus but a “person” from the first trimester. There has been an immense acceleration in understanding of early human development. The anatomy and physiology of embryonic development is a field where medicine exerts greatest impact on early pregnancy at present, and it opens fascinating aspects of embryonic differentiation. Clinical assessment of those stages of growth relies heavily on 3D/four-dimensional (4D) HDlive, one of the most promising forms of noninvasive diagnostics and embryological phenomena, once matters for textbooks are now routinely recorded with outstanding clarity. New advances deserve the adjective “breathtaking”, including 4D parallel study of the structural and functional early human development.

Three-dimensional HDlive Thick-Slice Silhouette of Fetal Brain

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Ritsuko K Pooh
Keyword(s):  
Obstet Gynecol ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Fetal Brain ◽  
Normal Brain ◽  
Fetal Anomalies ◽  
High Definition ◽  
Brain Image ◽  
Great Achievement ◽  
4D Ultrasound

ABSTRACT Three-dimensional (3D) and four-dimensional (4D) ultrasound have improved our knowledge regarding the development of the embryo and fetus and of a great number of fetal anomalies. The great achievement in the field of 3D/4D ultrasound is high definition live (HDlive) technology and HDlive silhouette/flow technology. HDlive silhouette emphasizes the borderlines between organs with different echogenicity and it can be appropriately named as ‘see-through fashion’. However, it occasionally appears to demonstrate too many inner structures overlapping one another to understand their relations. The author has cut the volume dataset with a rectangle cube and rendered the cut slice with silhouette ultrasound and called as ‘thick-slice silhouette’. Normal brain image in the coronal cutting section by thick-slice silhouette imaging is the picture of the month. This method is useful to identify the inner structure of the organs. How to cite this article Pooh RK. Three-dimensional HDlive Thick-Slice Silhouette of Fetal Brain. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2016;10(1):1-2.

scholarly journals Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Coronary Arteries and Its Application in Localization of Coronary Artery Segments Corresponding to Myocardial Segments Identified by Transthoracic Echocardiography

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunyan Zhong ◽  
Yanli Guo ◽  
Haiyun Huang ◽  
Liwen Tan ◽  
Yi Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Arteries ◽  
Transthoracic Echocardiography ◽  
3D Structure ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Localization Accuracy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
2D Ultrasound ◽  
Ct Data ◽  
Contrast Ct

Objectives.To establish 3D models of coronary arteries (CA) and study their application in localization of CA segments identified by Transthoracic Echocardiography (TTE).Methods.Sectional images of the heart collected from the first CVH dataset and contrast CT data were used to establish 3D models of the CA. Virtual dissection was performed on the 3D models to simulate the conventional sections of TTE. Then, we used 2D ultrasound, speckle tracking imaging (STI), and 2D ultrasound plus 3D CA models to diagnose 170 patients and compare the results to coronary angiography (CAG).Results.3D models of CA distinctly displayed both 3D structure and 2D sections of CA. This simulated TTE imaging in any plane and showed the CA segments that corresponded to 17 myocardial segments identified by TTE. The localization accuracy showed a significant difference between 2D ultrasound and 2D ultrasound plus 3D CA model in the severe stenosis group (P<0.05) and in the mild-to-moderate stenosis group (P<0.05).Conclusions.These innovative modeling techniques help clinicians identify the CA segments that correspond to myocardial segments typically shown in TTE sectional images, thereby increasing the accuracy of the TTE-based diagnosis of CHD.

scholarly journals Second Trimester Anomaly Scan using 3D/4D Ultrasound

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 372-381
Author(s):  
Francisco Raga ◽  
Oscar Caballero ◽  
Francisco Bonilla ◽  
Luiz Eduardo Machado ◽  
Fernando Bonilla-Musoles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
System Architecture ◽  
Obstet Gynecol ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
4D Ultrasound ◽  
Precise Diagnosis ◽  
Fetal Malformations

ABSTRACT The use of three-dimensional/four-dimensional (3D/4D) ultrasound has become ‘universal’ in the increasingly precise diagnosis of fetal malformations. The introduction of new ultrasound modes, such as the HDlive or the Radiance System Architecture (RSA), which improve even more the quality of images, makes it easier to examine normal embryos and fetuses with incredible perfection and achieve diagnosis of malformations, increasingly complex and of high clinical importance. How to cite this article Bonilla-Musoles F, Bonilla F Jr, Raga F, Caballero O, Cadete C, Machado LE. Second Trimester Anomaly Scan using 3D/4D Ultrasound. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2015;9(4):372-381.

scholarly journals Fetal Behavior in High-risk Pregnancies Assessed by Two-Dimensional (2D) and Three-Dimensional/Four-Dimensional (3D)/(4D) Ultrasound: A Review

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 35-47
Author(s):  
Ana Tikvica ◽  
Berivoj Miskovic ◽  
Badreldeen Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Functional Development ◽  
4D Ultrasound ◽  
2D Ultrasound ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Abnormal Brain ◽  
Precise Study

Abstract Direct assessment of functional development of the fetal central nervous system is not possible, but the assessment of fetal behavior may provide the possibility to distinct between normal and abnormal brain development. Since the ultrasonographic technique allowed the investigation of spontaneous fetal motor activity in utero first studies of spontaneous prenatal movements and fetal behavior were performed and published. 2D ultrasound was considered somewhat subjective method because information needs observer interpretation. The latest development of three-dimensional (3D) and four dimensional (4D) sonography that overcame some of the limitations of 2D methods enable precise study of fetal and even embryonic activity and behavior. In the following text we reviewed the literature on the behavior in the high-risk pregnancies for cerebral palsy assessed by the ultrasonographic techniques.

scholarly journals Incorporating 3D and 4D Ultrasound into Clinical Practice

Ultrasound ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Smith ◽  
Trish Chudleigh ◽  
Darryl Maxwell
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
New Technology ◽  
3D Ultrasound ◽  
Clinical Environment ◽  
Clinical Role ◽  
4D Ultrasound ◽  
Diverse Application ◽  
2D Ultrasound ◽  
Wide Scale ◽  
Release Of Information

3D ultrasound has been slow to make significant impact in clinical practice. In a large part, this is because 2D ultrasound is of such superior quality that sonographers have not seen any gain in adopting the new technology. More recently, however, diverse application of 3D technology has taken place in many branches of medicine, with obstetrics and gynaecology at the forefront. Several manufacturers now produce machines of remarkable sophistication and utility. Hardware and software have been integrated to allow the release of information from the ultrasound examination that has hitherto not been possible. In addition, virtual real time 3D images (4D ultrasound) have captured the imagination of both public and media. We report our preliminary clinical experience with 3 and 4D ultrasound in a limited clinical environment. While not suitable for wide scale application at present, we believe this technology has inherent advantages that will secure its clinical role and that this role will widen rapidly in the near future.

scholarly journals Current Role of 3D/4D Sonography in Obstetrics and Gynecology

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 400-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonila Pashaj ◽  
Eberhard Merz
Keyword(s):  
Obstet Gynecol ◽  
Obstetrics And Gynecology ◽  
Volume Data ◽  
Single Image ◽  
Current Role ◽  
Digital Storage ◽  
4D Ultrasound ◽  
2D Ultrasound ◽  
Image Planes

ABSTRACT Modern 3D/4D sonography provides a routine method not only for storing single image planes as in 2D ultrasound but also for storing complete sets of volume data in the computer memory. Once acquisition is completed, all volumes can be accessed from the memory and normal and abnormal findings in both obstetrics and gynecology can be demonstrated in different display modes. Furthermore digital storage of volumes permits virtual examinations by reloading of volumes and navigating through them in the absence of the patient. This review article would like to give an illustration of the latest technologies in 3D/4D ultrasound in obstetrics and gynecology. How to cite this article Merz E, Pashaj S. Current Role of 3D/ 4D Sonography in Obstetrics and Gynecology. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2013;7(4):400-408.

Does Parity have an Effect on Fetal Behavior? A Comparison between Primi- and Multiparas

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanaoka Uiko ◽  
AboEllail Mohamed Ahmed Mostafa ◽  
Uematsu Rina ◽  
Noguchi Junko ◽  
Kusaka Takashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Obstet Gynecol ◽  
Fetal Brain ◽  
Fetal Movement ◽  
The Other ◽  
System Function ◽  
Dopamine System ◽  
4D Ultrasound ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Multiparous Women

ABSTRACT Aim To evaluate the effect of parity on fetal behavior between primi- and multiparas. Materials and methods Fetal behavior was assesed by Kurjak's antenatal neurodevelopmental test (KANET) using four-dimensional (4D) ultrasound between 32 and 36 weeks of gestation. Forty-four primiparous and 61 multiparous women were studied. The total value of the KANET score and values of each parameter (8 parameters) were compared Results The total KANET score was normal in both groups except for in only one case in the multiparous group (total KANET score of 9), and there was no significant difference in the total KANET score. When individual KANET parameters were compared, we found a significant difference in only one fetal movement, isolated eye blinking, between fetuses of primiparas (median, 2; range, 0–2) and multiparas (median, 1; range, 0–2) (p < 0.040). No significant differences were noted in the other seven parameters. Conclusion Our results suggest that the level of relaxation of pregnant women may affect fetal behavior, particularly the rate of eye blinking. A relaxed state of primiparas may promote the maturation of the fetal brain, especially the central dopamine system function How to cite this article Hata T, Hanaoka U, AboEllail MAM, Uematsu R, Noguchi J, Kusaka T, Kurjak A. Does Parity have an Effect on Fetal Behavior? A Comparison between Primiand Multiparas. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2016;10(1):99-102.

scholarly journals Three-dimensional Ultrasound in Detection of Fetal Anomalies

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 214-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ritsuko K Pooh
Keyword(s):  
Light Source ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Ultrasound ◽  
Fetal Anomalies ◽  
High Definition ◽  
Ultrasound Technique ◽  
Great Achievement ◽  
4D Ultrasound

ABSTRACT In the history of 3D/4D ultrasound technology, the great achievement was high definition (HD) live technology. This technology is a novel ultrasound technique that improves the 3D/4D images. HDlive ultrasound has resulted in remarkable progress in visualization of early embryos and fetuses and in the development of sonoembryology. HDlive uses an adjustable light source and software that calculates the propagation of light through surface structures in relation to the light direction. The virtual light source produces selective illumination, and the respective shadows are created by the structures where the light is reflected. This combination of light and shadows increases depth perception and produces remarkable images that are more natural than those obtained with classic three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound. The virtual light can be placed in the front, back, or lateral sides, where viewing is desired until the best image is achieved. A great advantage is that the soft can be applied to all images stored in the machine's memory. With HDlive ultrasound, both structural and functional developments can be assessed from early pregnancy more objectively and reliably and, indeed, the new technology has moved embryology from postmortem studies to the in vivo environment. Practically, in obstetrical ultrasound, HDlive could be used during all three trimesters of pregnancy. How to cite this article Pooh RK, Kurjak A. Three-dimensional Ultrasound in Detection of Fetal Anomalies. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2016;10(3):214-234.

Development of Mucoadhesive Buccal Drug Delivery System of Propranolol Hydrochloride Using Aster ericoides Mucilage

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-148
Author(s):  
Ankaj Kaundal ◽  
Pravin Kumar ◽  
Rajendra Awasthi ◽  
Giriraj T. Kulkarni
Keyword(s):  
Buccal Cavity ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Fickian Diffusion ◽  
Aster Ericoides ◽  
Dimensional Network ◽  
Buccal Tablet ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Volunteer Group

Aim: The study was aimed to develop mucoadhesive buccal tablets using Aster ericoides leaves mucilage. Background : Mucilages are naturally occurring high-molecular-weight polyuronides, which have been extensively studied for their application in different pharmaceutical dosage forms. Objective: The objective of the present research was to establish the mucilage isolated from the leaves of Aster ericoides as an excipient for the formulation of the mucoadhesive buccal tablet. Method: The mucilage was isolated from the leaves of Aster ericoides by maceration, precipitated with acetone and characterized. Tablets were prepared using wet granulation technique and evaluated for various official tests. Results: The mucilage was found to be non-toxic on A-431 and Vero cell lines. It was insoluble but swellable in cold and hot water. The results indicate that mucilage can form a three-dimensional network. The pH of the mucilage (6.82 ± 0.13) indicated that it might be non-irritant to the buccal cavity. The mucilage was found to be free from microbes. The release of drug was by Fickian diffusion. The in vivo buccal tablet acceptance was 80%. No significant difference between the diastolic blood pressure of standard and Aster tablets treated volunteer group was recorded. Conclusion: The mucilage was found to be non-toxic on A-431 and Vero cell lines. It was insoluble but swellable in cold and hot water. The results indicate that mucilage can form a three-dimensional network. The pH of the mucilage (6.82 ± 0.13) indicated that it might be non-irritant to the buccal cavity. The mucilage was found to be free from microbes. The release of drug was by Fickian diffusion. The in vivo buccal tablet acceptance was 80%. No significant difference between the diastolic blood pressure of standard and Aster tablets treated volunteer group was recorded. Other: However, to prove the potency of the polymer, in vivo bioavailability studies in human volunteers are needed along with chronic toxicity studies in suitable animal models.

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