Assessment of Facial Soft Tissue Dimensions in Adult Patients with Different Sagittal Skeletal Classes using Cone beam Computed Tomography

ABSTRACT Introduction Few studies utilized cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) to evaluate soft tissue dimensions in malocclusion patients. The aim of this study was to analyze the three-dimensional (3D) soft tissue relationships of adult patients according to their gender and skeletal sagittal class using CBCT. Materials and methods The study sample consisted of 96 CBCT images of patients of both genders; aged 18 to 25 years with a normal vertical skeletal pattern. Patients were segregated into three groups according to their skeletal sagittal class: Class I (2 < ANB < 4), class II (ANB > 4), and class III (ANB < 2). The soft tissue measurements were analyzed in both the sagittal views and frontal volumetric rendered views using 3D-OnDemand software. Results In males, the measurements (U1-stom, nasal width, mouth width) were greater in class I than in class II group. Lower lip thickness was greater in class I than in class III group (p < 0.05). In females, both labiomental fold thickness and upper lip height measurements showed greater mean values in class II than in class I group. In contrast, lower lip height was greater in class I than in class III group. Ls-Pr, U1-stom, and face width at Cheilion revealed greater values in class III patients than in class II patients. On the other hand, the lower lip thickness, upper lip height, and lower lip height measurements showed greater values in class II than in class III group (p < 0.05). Soft tissue thicknesses and measurements were greater in males than in females. However, statistically significant differences between the two sexes were not detected for all of the variables measured in each skeletal class. Conclusion The current study indicates the presence of differences in soft tissue thicknesses and facial soft tissue dimensions among skeletal classes and between the two sexes. Clinical significance Cone beam computed tomography imaging is a very valuable tool to analyze 3D soft tissue characteristics of patients with different skeletal patterns of malocclusion. How to cite this article Jazmati HM, Ajaj MA, Hajeer MY. Assessment of Facial Soft Tissue Dimensions in Adult Patients with Different Sagittal Skeletal Classes using Cone beam Computed Tomography. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(7):542-548.

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Anatomical characteristics of mandibular bone in skeletal Class I, II and III patients by using cone beam computed tomography images in an iranian population

Brazilian Dental Science ◽

10.14295/bds.2021.v24i2.2475 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Mohammad Zandi ◽

Abbas Shokri ◽

Vahid Mollabashi ◽

Zahed Eghdami ◽

Payam Amini

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽

Class Ii ◽

Class I ◽

Cone Beam ◽

Class Iii ◽

Anatomical Characteristics ◽

Skeletal Class ◽

Skeletal Class Ii ◽

Ramus Height

Objetive: This study aimed to compare the anatomical characteristics of the mandible in patients with skeletal class I, II and class III disorders using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Material and Methods: CBCT scans of patients between 17 to 40 years taken with NewTom 3G CBCT system with 12-inch field of view (FOV) were selected from the archive. Lateral cephalograms were obtained from CBCT scans of patients, and type of skeletal malocclusion was determined (Class I, II or III). All CBCT scans were evaluated in the sagittal, coronal and axial planes using the N.N.T viewer software. Results: The ramus height and distance from the mandibular foramen to the sigmoid notch in class II patients were significantly different from those in skeletal class I (P < 0.005). Distance from the mandibular canal to the anterior border of ramus in class III individuals was significantly different from that in skeletal class I individuals (P < .005). Conclusion: Length of the body of mandible in skeletal class I was significantly different from that in skeletal class II and III patients. Also, ramus height in skeletal class I was significantly different from that in skeletal class II patients. CBCT had high efficacy for accurate identification of anatomical landmarks. Keywords Prognathism; Retrognathism; Mandible; Anatomy; Cone beam computed tomography.

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Evaluation of horizontal condylar angle in malocclusions with mandibular lateral displacement using cone-beam computed tomography

The Angle Orthodontist ◽

10.2319/012621-76.1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Roberto L. Velásquez ◽

Jorge C. Coro ◽

José M. Bustillo ◽

Sadao Sato

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽

Lateral Displacement ◽

Class Ii ◽

Contralateral Side ◽

Class I ◽

Cone Beam ◽

Class Iii ◽

Skeletal Class ◽

Significant Difference

ABSTRACT Objectives To evaluate the horizontal condylar angle (HCA) in mandibular lateral displacement (MLD). Materials and Method s: HCA in MLD malocclusions were examined using cone-beam computed tomography data in subjects with MLD and control subjects. Results HCA in joints of control patients and contralateral side joints of MLD patients were not significantly different. The mean HCA on the shifted side was larger than on the contralateral side (P < .001) in the different HCA groups. HCA was significantly larger on the shifted side than on the contralateral side in skeletal Class I, Class II, and Class III groups (P < .001). Conclusions (1) There was no statistically significant difference between HCA in control patients and on the contralateral side in MLD patients. (2) HCA was significantly larger on the shifted side than on the contralateral side. (3) HCA on the shifted side and the contralateral side in MLD Class I, Class II, and Class III are significantly different.

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Dehiscence and fenestration in skeletal Class I, II, and III malocclusions assessed with cone-beam computed tomography

The Angle Orthodontist ◽

10.2319/040811-250.1 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 82 (1) ◽

pp. 67-74 ◽

Cited By ~ 49

Author(s):

Ahmet Yagci ◽

İlknur Veli ◽

Tancan Uysal ◽

Faruk Izzet Ucar ◽

Törün Ozer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽

Null Hypothesis ◽

Class Ii ◽

The Other ◽

Class I ◽

Cone Beam ◽

Class Iii ◽

Skeletal Class ◽

Dental Malocclusion

Abstract Objective: To test the null hypothesis that the presence of dehiscence and fenestration was not different among patients with skeletal Class I, II, and III malocclusions. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, a total of 123 cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images were obtained with an iCAT scanner (Imaging Sciences International, Hatfield, Pa). Patients with normal vertical patterns were classified according to dental malocclusion and ANB angle. Class I comprised 41 patients—21 girls and 20 boys (mean age, 22.4 ± 4.5 years); Class II comprised 42 patients—22 girls and 20 boys (mean age, 21.5 ± 4.2 years); and Class III comprised 40 subjects—22 girls and 18 boys (mean age, 22.1 ± 4.5 years). A total of 3444 teeth were evaluated. Analysis of variance and Tukey's test were used for statistical comparisons at the P < .05 level. Results: Statistical analysis indicated that the Class II group had a greater prevalence of fenestration than the other groups (P < .001). No difference was found in the prevalence of dehiscence among the three groups. Although fenestration had greater prevalence in the maxilla, more dehiscence was found in the mandible for all groups. In Class I, alveolar defects (dehiscence, fenestration) were matched relatively in both jaws. Furthermore, Class II and Class III subjects had more alveolar defects (41.11% and 45.02%, respectively) in the mandible. Dehiscences were seen with greater frequency in the mandibular incisors of all groups. Conclusion: The null hypothesis was rejected. Significant differences in the presence of fenestration were found among subjects with skeletal Class I, Class II, and Class III malocclusions. Fenestrations had greater prevalence in the maxilla, but more dehiscences were found in the mandible.

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Facial flatness indices: application in orthodontics

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.6889 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. e6889 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Chimène Chalala ◽

Maria Saadeh ◽

Fouad Ayoub

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽

Class Ii ◽

Class I ◽

Cone Beam ◽

Class Iii ◽

The World ◽

Males And Females ◽

Characteristic Features ◽

Age And Sex

Facial flatness indices have been used in anthropology to discern differences among populations. They were evaluated on skulls from around the world. Aims (1) to evaluate the use of facial flatness indices in orthodontics and (2) to assess their variation among malocclusions, age and sex. Materials and Methods A total of 322 cone beam computed tomography radiographs were digitized and three facial indices (frontal, simotic and zygomaxillary) along with three transverse distances (fmo1–fmo2, zma1–zma2 and n1–n2) were assessed and compared between different groups. Results The zygomaxillary index was increased in Class II (32.6 ± 0.42; p < 0.001) and decreased in Class III malocclusions (29.4 ± 0.66; p < 0.001) compared to Class I (31.18 ± 0.3; p < 0.001). The frontal and nasal flatness are not characteristic features of any of the sagittal malocclusions. Facial flatness indices did not differ between males and females and between growing and non-growing patients. Conclusion The position of subspinale point (A point) forward or backward relative to the zygomaxillary width is a factor of assessment of facial flatness. The zygomaxillary index could be helpful in weighting proportionally the width of the maxilla (expansion) relative to its sagittal position in Class II and Class III malocclusions.

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Temporomandibular Joint Osseous Morphology of Class I and Class II Malocclusions in the Normal Skeletal Pattern: A Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Study

Diagnostics ◽

10.3390/diagnostics11030541 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 541

Author(s):

Xiao-Chuan Fan ◽

Lin-Sha Ma ◽

Li Chen ◽

Diwakar Singh ◽

Xiaohui Rausch-Fan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Temporomandibular Joint ◽

Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽

Class Ii ◽

Class I ◽

Cone Beam ◽

Glenoid Fossa ◽

Linear Measurements ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Skeletal Pattern

(1) Background—The aim of the present study was to evaluate the correlation between the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) osseous morphology of normal skeletal pattern individuals with different dental malocclusions by using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). (2) Methods—The CBCT images of bilateral TMJs in 67 subjects with skeletal class I and average mandibular angle (26 males and 41 females, age range 20–49 years) were evaluated in this study. The subjects were divided into class I, class II division 1, and class II division 2 according to the molar relationship and retroclination of the maxillary incisors. Angular and linear measurements of TMJ were evaluated and the differences between the groups were statistically analyzed. (3) Results—Intragroup comparisons showed statistical differences for articular eminence inclination, the width of the glenoid fossa, the ratio of the width of the glenoid fossa to the depth of the glenoid fossa, the condylar angle, and the intercondylar angle between the malocclusion groups. The measurements of the glenoid fossa shape showed no significant difference between the left and right sides. Females showed more differences in the morphological parameters of TMJ between the three malocclusion groups than the males. (4) Conclusion—The present study revealed differences in the TMJ osseous morphology between dental class I and class II malocclusions in the normal skeletal pattern.

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