scholarly journals Assessment of Vertical Skeletal Patterns using a New Cephalometric Parameter: The Dhaval—Rohan Angle

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-11
Author(s):  
Dhaval Ranjitbhai Lekhadia ◽  
Rohan Rai ◽  
Niveditha Hegde ◽  
Abhinay Sorake
Keyword(s):  
Growth Pattern ◽  
Lateral Cephalogram ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Vertical Growth ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Horizontal Growth ◽  
Point G ◽  
Vertical Growth Pattern

ABSTRACT Introduction The aim of this study was to establish a new cephalometric parameter, named the Dhaval—Rohan angle (DR), to assess the vertical skeletal patterns on a lateral cephalogram with accuracy and reproducibility. Materials and methods One hundred and twenty pretreatment lateral cephalograms of the patients visiting the department of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics for treatment were obtained and divided into three groups. i.e., horizontal growth pattern, average growth pattern, and vertical growth pattern cases based on the routinely used cephalometric parameters; FMA, SN-GoGn, Y-axis angle and Jarabak ratio. This angle uses three skeletal landmarks, the point C (center of the condyle), point M (midpoint of premaxilla), and point G (center of the largest circle that is tangent to the internal inferior, anterior, and posterior surfaces of the mandibular symphysis). Results The one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test showed that the three groups studied were not the same for DR angle and the post hoc Tukey test found the groups to be significantly different. According to the Student's t-test, there was no statistically significant difference in mean values of DR angle between males and females. Conclusion Cephalometric evaluation of young adults shows that the DR angle below 28.5° indicates a horizontal growth pattern, between 28.5 and 32.5° indicate an average growth pattern and above 32.5° indicate a vertical growth pattern. How to cite this article Lekhadia DR, Rai R, Hegde N, Hegde G, Sorake A, Kumar A. Assessment of Vertical Skeletal Patterns using a New Cephalometric Parameter: The Dhaval—Rohan Angle. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2017;51(1):7-11.

scholarly journals Correlation Between Gonial Angle And Mandibular Symphysis Width In South Indian Dravidian Population

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL3) ◽  
pp. 1132-1135
Author(s):  
Anjali Anna Thomas ◽  
Harish Babu ◽  
Remmiya Mary Varghese
Keyword(s):  
Growth Pattern ◽  
Growth Direction ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Mandibular Symphysis ◽  
Mandibular Growth ◽  
Gonial Angle ◽  
Vertical Growth ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Horizontal Growth ◽  
Vertical Growth Pattern

Mandibular growth pattern (MGP) prediction plays an important role in orthodontic treatment planning. This study sought to assess the mandibular symphyseal width in adolescents with different mandibular growth patterns (MGPs) so as to see whether a correlation exists. This study was conducted on 90 lateral cephalograms of patients aged between 10 and 16 years. The subjects were divided into normo-divergent, hypodivergent and hyperdivergent subgroups based on the gonial angle. The symphyseal measurement included width or depth of the mandibular symphysis according to Akietal study. He suggested that a mandible with anterior growth direction was associated with a large depth of the symphysis. In contrast, a mandible with a posterior growth direction was associated with a small depth of symphysis. To assess the correlation between mandibular symphyseal width and mandibular growth pattern, Pearson’s correlation test was done. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2 tailed). A P-value which is less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The mandibular symphyseal width was found to be strongly associated with the MGP. It can be inferred from the results that in vertical growth pattern, as the gonial angle increases, symphyseal width decreases and in horizontal growth pattern, as the gonial angle decreases, symphyseal width increases. Also, in vertical growth pattern subjects, the mandibular symphyseal width is narrower. In contrast, in horizontal growth pattern subjects, the mandibular symphyseal width is wider.

Vertical Proportion of the Face: A Cephalometric study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-28
Author(s):  
Rajiv Yadav ◽  
Kishor Dutta ◽  
Nabin Gosain ◽  
Anil K Yadav ◽  
Neelam Yadav ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Pattern ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Class I ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
Vertical Growth ◽  
Facial Height ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Horizontal Growth ◽  
Vertical Growth Pattern

Introduction: Balance in vertical facial proportion is an important criteria for good esthetics. Variations in vertical growth are common and have certain orthodontic implications. The objectives of this study were to determine mean upper anterior facial height and lower anterior facial height, ratio between UAFH to LAFH and their difference among genders in skeletal Class I patients with different vertical growth pattern among patients visiting department of Orthodontic and Dentofacial orthopedics, Tribhuvan University Dental Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu. Materials and Method: This study was descriptive observational cross sectional study with 105 sample aged from 18-25 years. Pretreatment cephalometric radiograph of Skeletal Class I patients were taken and divided into three growth patterns as group I (normal growth pattern), group II (horizontal growth pattern ) and group III (vertical growth pattern ). Upper anterior facial height (N-ANS) and lower anterior facial height (ANS-Me) of all samples were measured on lateral cephalogram with cephalometric tracing ruler parallel to true vertical line. Descriptive statistics was used to calculate mean, minimum, and maximum values standard deviations with p value <0.05. Result: The upper anterior facial height (UAFH) and lower anterior facial height (LAFH) measurements in normal growth pattern was 52.37 and 64.4 , in horizontal growth pattern was 53.0 and 62.2, in vertical growth pattern was 53.37 and 64.42 respectively. The mean ratio of upper and lower anterior facial height in normal, horizontal and vertical growth pattern was 0.81, 0.85 and 0.79 respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in upper and lower facial heights between males and females. There was no statistically significant difference in UAFH between normal, horizontal and vertical growth pattern but statistically significant difference was observed in LAFH between groups. Conclusion: The cephalometric values for different vertical groups in skeletal class I can be used more specifically for diagnosis and treatment planning of Nepali population.

scholarly journals Comparison of Association between Cervical Spine and Face in Subjects with Vertical and Horizontal Growth Pattern: An in vitro Study using Lateral Cephalogram

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunita Shrivastav ◽  
Deoashish D Gupta ◽  
Priyanka Niranjane ◽  
Narendra Sharma ◽  
Rakesh Nathani
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Growth Pattern ◽  
Cervical Vertebrae ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Lateral Cephalogram ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Gonial Angle ◽  
Horizontal Growth ◽  
Vertical Growth Pattern

ABSTRACT Purpose The purpose of this study was to analyze and comparethe association between cervical spine and face in subjects with vertical and horizontal growth pattern using lateral cephalogram. Materials and methods Lateral cephalograms of 75 subjects between ages of 18 and 35 years were taken and analyzed. The study sample was divided into three groups of 25 individuals each; i.e., vertical growth pattern (gonial angle > 125°); horizontal growth pattern (gonial angle < 121°); and control group with average growth pattern (gonial angle 123° ± 2.5°). The relation between upper cervical vertebrae and face was compared between three groups by taking linear measurements. Results A statistically significant difference was observed in vertical dimensions of second cervical vertebra when it was correlated with anterior cranial base, maxilla and mandible in adults having horizontal and vertical growth pattern as compared to individuals with average growth pattern. Linear vertical measurements between maxilla to cervical spine and mandible to cervical spine were less in horizontal growth pattern as compared to vertical and average growth pattern. The p-value of SCV2—0.001, GoCV2—0.405, and PmCV2—0.001 showed significant results within intergroups. Conclusion It can be concluded that there exists an association between the morphology of the cervical vertebrae and the vertical and horizontal skeletal growth patterns. How to cite this article Gupta DD, Niranjane P, Sharma N, Shrivastav S, Kamble RH, Nathani R. Comparison of Association between Cervical Spine and Face in Subjects with Vertical and Horizontal Growth Pattern: An in vitro Study using Lateral Cephalogram. World J Dent 2016;7(2):73-77.

Gonial Angle as an Indicator for the Prediction of Growth Pattern

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Rubika ◽  
A Sumathi Felicita ◽  
V Sivambiga
Keyword(s):  
Growth Pattern ◽  
P Value ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Gonial Angle ◽  
Angle Measurements ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Vertical Growth Pattern

ABSTRACT Aim To determine the gonial angle, upper gonial angle and lower gonial angle in patients with horizontal, vertical and average growth pattern belonging to the local Chennai population and determine if it can be used as a growth indicator. Materials and methods Gonial angle, upper gonial angle and lower gonial angle measurements were made on lateral cephalograms of 90 patients—44 males and 46 females. Results A one sample t-test was used to determine the mean values for average, horizontal and vertical growth pattern and to check their level of significance. All the values were statistically significant with a p-value = 0.000. Conclusion The upper gonial angle was the same irrespective of growth pattern. The gonial angle and lower gonial angle can be used as an indicator for growth. How to cite this article Rubika J, Felicita AS, Sivambiga V. Gonial Angle as an Indicator for the Prediction of Growth Pattern. World J Dent 2015;6(3):161-163.

scholarly journals Correlation of Growth Pattern and Palatal Rugae Pattern in South Indian Population

2021 ◽  
pp. 030157422110159
Author(s):  
Shetty Suhani Sudhakar ◽  
K. Mithun ◽  
Abhinay Sorake ◽  
K. Nillan Shetty ◽  
Thankam C. Susan
Keyword(s):  
Growth Pattern ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
South Indian Population ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Vertical Growth ◽  
South Indian ◽  
Palatal Rugae ◽  
Horizontal Growth ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Vertical Growth Pattern

Aim: To determine the correlation between palatal rugae (PR) pattern and subjects with vertical, average, and horizontal growth pattern and to determine gender variation if any. Material and Methods: One hundred and twenty study models were divided into horizontal, vertical, and average growth patterns with 40 (20 males and 20 females) samples in each group. The pattern of PR was assessed in each group using a template. Result: Type B (wavy type) PR occurs more often in horizontal and average growth pattern (80% and 72.5% respectively), whereas its occurrence in vertical growth pattern subject is the least among other growth patterns, that is, 42.5% of the total subjects. Type E (curved type) PR has appeared highest in 27.5% of average growth pattern patient followed by 12.5% of vertical growth pattern subjects. The occurrence of type E PR is least in horizontal growth pattern which is just 5% of the total subjects. Conclusion: Curved-type PR was more prevalent in vertical and average growth patterns. Diverging PR pattern was mainly seen in vertical growth pattern. PR also shows sexual dimorphism. The association is clinically significant as it will lead to determination of facial vertical growth pattern at early age; thus, it serves as a diagnostic adjunct for different malocclusions very early in life and aids in preventive or interceptive orthodontic measures to alleviate forthcoming growth pattern.

scholarly journals A photogrammetric and cephalometric evaluation of facial symmetry and smile in relation to attractiveness.

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Akshita ◽  
Arun K. Chauhan ◽  
Riddhi Chawla
Keyword(s):  
Growth Pattern ◽  
Cephalometric Analysis ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Facial Symmetry ◽  
Photographic Analysis ◽  
Group I ◽  
Cephalometric Radiograph ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Horizontal Growth ◽  
Pattern Group

Introduction: Human find symmetrical face more attractive than are asymmetrical faces. The smile is one of the most important facial expressions and is essential in expressing friendliness, agreement, and appreciation. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between smile and symmetry in attributing to attractiveness.   Materials & Method: The study was conducted in the Department Of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, on 150 samples. 150 good quality radiographs and photographs of the patients were obtained. The subjects were divided into three groups:  Group I – Horizontal growth pattern Group II – Average growth pattern Group III – Vertical growth pattern. The frontal facial photograph and PA cephalometric radiograph were used to assess the facial symmetry. Posed smile photograph and Lateral cephalometric radiograph were used to assess the smile. Digimizer Image Analyzer (bvba software) were used for the analysis. The ratings were given by the expert panellist based on attractiveness   Results: In the present study, Left facial symmetry parameters is marginally higher than right side in cephalometric analysis and converse for photographic analysis, right facial symmetry parameters is marginally higher than left side but this is not statistically significant. There are no statistically significant difference among the groups for smile -photographic parameters and lateral cephalometric smile parameters. There is statistically significant difference among the groups for Visual Analog Scale readings for attractiveness given by orthodontist, general dentist and layperson for frontal profile for the subjects of three study groups.   Conclusion: The study revealed that in cephalometric analysis, left hemiface is wider than right hemiface while in photographic analysis, right hemiface is wider than left hemiface. Vertical grower shows maximum upper incisor exposure and upper and lower vermilion lip thickness. On the contrary full smile length was minimum in vertical grower. The most favored profile by VAS was horizontal growth pattern.

scholarly journals Longitudinal study of mandibular behavior in Class I subjects with vertical and horizontal growth

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 25e1-25e7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirceu Barnabé Raveli ◽  
Savana Maia ◽  
Luana Paz Sampaio ◽  
Denise Rocha Goes Landázuri ◽  
Taísa Boamorte Raveli
Keyword(s):  
Growth Pattern ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Class I ◽  
Vertical Growth ◽  
Facial Height ◽  
Horizontal Growth ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Vertical Growth Pattern ◽  
Group 1

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate possible differences in mandibular behavior in Class I individuals with vertical and horizontal growth patterns. METHODS: The sample consisted of 20 untreated Class I individuals divided into: Group 1 comprising 10 individuals with vertical growth pattern and Group 2 comprising 10 individuals with horizontal growth pattern, all of them belonging to the Burlington Growth Center files, University of Toronto-Canada, radiographically followed-up at ages 9, 12 and 21. Cephalometric radiographs, determined mean values for a long-term evaluation of mandibular behavior using the following measurements: SNB, Co-GN, SN.GoMe, anterior facial height and posterior facial height. RESULTS: SNB and Co-Gn values were higher in horizontal growth group at all of the ages studied; SN.GoMe measure was significantly lower in horizontal growth group; anterior facial height (AFH) showed lower values in individuals with horizontal growth pattern; and posterior facial height (PFH) showed lower values in individuals with vertical growth pattern. CONCLUSION: Long-term comparisons of Class I individuals' growth tendencies indicate that there are significant differences between both groups. Mandible showed a trend to clockwise rotation in Group 1. Group 2 showed a trend to brachycephalic facial form, due to the deficit in vertical development with regard to anterior facial height.

scholarly journals Relationship of maxillary and mandibular effective base length, arch length and dental crowding in different vertical growth pattern

2022 ◽  
Vol 0 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Priyanka Satra ◽  
Gauri Vichare ◽  
Veera Bhosale
Keyword(s):  
Growth Pattern ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Base Length ◽  
Clockwise Rotation ◽  
Gonial Angle ◽  
Vertical Growth ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Vertical Growth Pattern ◽  
Dental Crowding

Objectives: The objectives of the study were to assess, measure, and correlate the maxillary and mandibular effective base length, arch length to the amount of dental crowding in different vertical growth pattern patients. Materials and Methods: Sample comprising 100 pre-treatment lateral cephalograms and study models (age group – 16–25 years) was randomly selected. The sample was divided into two groups, that is, clockwise (50) and anticlockwise (50) rotation based on the measurement of the gonial angle. The gonial angle and maxillary and mandibular effective lengths were measured on pre-treatment lateral cephalograms. Dental crowding and arch length were measured on the pre-treatment dental casts. Intergroup comparisons of effective base length, arch length, and crowding were performed with unpaired t-tests. Correlations between effective base length, arch length, and dental crowding were examined by means of Pearson’s correlation coefficient (P < 0.05). Results: Subjects with clockwise rotation significantly had more mandibular dental crowding and significantly decreased mandibular arch length compared to the anticlockwise group. An inverse correlation was found between maxillary and mandibular effective base length, arch length, and dental crowding while a positive correlation was found between maxillary and mandibular base length and arch length in both the groups. Conclusion: Clockwise rotation of the mandible along with skeletal and dental factors such as decreased effective base lengths and arch length, respectively, constitutes an important factor leading to dental crowding.

scholarly journals Diagnostic performance of various cephalometric parameters for the assessment of vertical growth pattern

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 41-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maheen Ahmed ◽  
Attiya Shaikh ◽  
Mubassar Fida
Keyword(s):  
Growth Pattern ◽  
Diagnostic Performance ◽  
Kappa Statistics ◽  
Plane Angle ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Vertical Growth ◽  
Mandibular Plane ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Vertical Growth Pattern ◽  
Mandibular Plane Angle

ABSTRACT Introduction: Multiple cephalometric analyses are used to diagnose vertical skeletal facial discrepancy. A multitude of times, these parameters show conflicting results, and a specific diagnosis is hard to reach. Objective: Hence, this study aimed to identify the skeletal analysis that performs best for the identification of vertical skeletal pattern in borderline cases. Methods: The sample consisted of 161 subjects (71 males and 90 females; mean age = 23.6 ± 4.6 years). Y-axis, Sella-Nasion to mandibular plane angle (SN.MP), maxillary plane to mandibular plane angle (MMA), Sella-Nasion to Gonion-Gnathion angle (SN.GoGn), Frankfort to mandibular plane angle (FMA), R-angle and facial height ratio (LAFH.TAFH) were used to evaluate vertical growth pattern on lateral cephalograms. The subjects were divided into three groups (hypodivergent, normodivergent and hyperdivergent groups), as indicated by the diagnostic results of the majority of parameters. Kappa statistics was applied to compare the diagnostic accuracy of various analyses. To further validate the results, sensitivity and positive predictive values (PPV) for each parameter were also calculated. Results: SN.GoGn showed a substantial interclass agreement (k = 0.850). In the hypodivergent group, MMA showed the highest sensitivity (0.934), whereas FMA showed the highest PPV (0.964). In the normodivergent group, FMA showed the highest sensitivity (0.909) and SN.GoGn had the highest PPV (0.903). SN.GoGn showed the highest sensitivity (0.980) and PPV (0.87) in the hyperdivergent group. Conclusions: SN.GoGn and FMA were found to be the most reliable indicators, whereas LAFH.TAFH is the least reliable indicator in assessing facial vertical growth pattern. Hence, the cephalometric analyses may be limited to fewer analyses of higher diagnostic performance.

scholarly journals Effect of Craniofacial Growth Pattern on Head Posture

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Burak Kale ◽  
◽  
Muhammed Hilmi Buyukcavus ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Pattern ◽  
Upright Position ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Class I ◽  
Craniofacial Growth ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Head Posture ◽  
Vertical Growth ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Vertical Growth Pattern

Head posture refers to the upright position of the head of a standing or sitting subject. The literature reports that head posture is affected by many factors. Objective: To evaluate differences in head posture according to craniofacial growth pattern. Methods: A total of 163 individuals (83 females and 80 males) were included in this study. Patients were divided into three groups according to ANB angle as Class I, Class II, and Class III, and each group was divided further into three subgroups according to SN/GoGn angle as hyperdivergent, normodivergent, and hypodivergent. The patients were compared in terms of head posture measurements. Two-way ANOVA was used to evaluate the main and interactive effects of vertical growth pattern and malocclusion type on the head posture of the patients. Results were considered statistically significant at p < 0.05. Results: No statistically significant difference between malocclusion and face-type groups was observed in all head posture measurements (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Head posture is similar among subgroups of different malocclusion types separated by vertical growth pattern.

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