scholarly journals Diagnostic performance of various cephalometric parameters for the assessment of vertical growth pattern

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 41-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maheen Ahmed ◽  
Attiya Shaikh ◽  
Mubassar Fida
Keyword(s):  
Growth Pattern ◽  
Diagnostic Performance ◽  
Kappa Statistics ◽  
Plane Angle ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Vertical Growth ◽  
Mandibular Plane ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Vertical Growth Pattern ◽  
Mandibular Plane Angle

ABSTRACT Introduction: Multiple cephalometric analyses are used to diagnose vertical skeletal facial discrepancy. A multitude of times, these parameters show conflicting results, and a specific diagnosis is hard to reach. Objective: Hence, this study aimed to identify the skeletal analysis that performs best for the identification of vertical skeletal pattern in borderline cases. Methods: The sample consisted of 161 subjects (71 males and 90 females; mean age = 23.6 ± 4.6 years). Y-axis, Sella-Nasion to mandibular plane angle (SN.MP), maxillary plane to mandibular plane angle (MMA), Sella-Nasion to Gonion-Gnathion angle (SN.GoGn), Frankfort to mandibular plane angle (FMA), R-angle and facial height ratio (LAFH.TAFH) were used to evaluate vertical growth pattern on lateral cephalograms. The subjects were divided into three groups (hypodivergent, normodivergent and hyperdivergent groups), as indicated by the diagnostic results of the majority of parameters. Kappa statistics was applied to compare the diagnostic accuracy of various analyses. To further validate the results, sensitivity and positive predictive values (PPV) for each parameter were also calculated. Results: SN.GoGn showed a substantial interclass agreement (k = 0.850). In the hypodivergent group, MMA showed the highest sensitivity (0.934), whereas FMA showed the highest PPV (0.964). In the normodivergent group, FMA showed the highest sensitivity (0.909) and SN.GoGn had the highest PPV (0.903). SN.GoGn showed the highest sensitivity (0.980) and PPV (0.87) in the hyperdivergent group. Conclusions: SN.GoGn and FMA were found to be the most reliable indicators, whereas LAFH.TAFH is the least reliable indicator in assessing facial vertical growth pattern. Hence, the cephalometric analyses may be limited to fewer analyses of higher diagnostic performance.

scholarly journals The maxillary incisor display at rest: analysis of the underlying components

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 48-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waqar Jeelani ◽  
Mubassar Fida ◽  
Attiya Shaikh
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Plane Angle ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Facial Height ◽  
Mandibular Plane ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Mandibular Plane Angle

ABSTRACT Introduction: Maxillary incisal display is one of the most important attributes of smile esthetics. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between maxillary incisal display at rest (MIDR) and various soft tissue, hard tissue and dental components. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 150 subjects (75 males, 75 females) aged 18-30 years. The MIDR was recorded from the pretreatment orthodontic records. The following parameters were assessed on lateral cephalograms: ANB angle, mandibular plane angle, palatal plane angle, lower anterior and total anterior facial heights, upper incisor inclination, upper anterior dentoalveolar height, and upper lip length, thickness and protrusion. The relationship between MIDR and various skeletal, dental and soft tissue components was assessed using linear regression analyses. Results: The mean MIDR was significantly greater in females than males (p = 0.011). A significant positive correlation was found between MIDR and ANB angle, mandibular plane angle and lower anterior facial height. A significant negative correlation was found between MIDR and upper lip length and thickness. Linear regression analysis showed that upper lip length was the strongest predictor of MIDR, explaining 29.7% of variance in MIDR. A multiple linear regression model based on mandibular plane angle, lower anterior facial height, upper lip length and upper lip thickness explained about 63.4% of variance in MIDR. Conclusions: Incisal display at rest was generally greater in females than males. Multiple factors play a role in determining MIDR, nevertheless upper lip length was found to be the strongest predictor of variations in MIDR.

scholarly journals Effects of Two-Phase Treatment with the Herbst and Preadjusted Edgewise Appliances on the Upper Airway Dimensions

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Woei Li Koay ◽  
Yanqi Yang ◽  
Christine Shuk Kwan Tse ◽  
Min Gu
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Plane Angle ◽  
Herbst Appliance ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Mandibular Plane ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Airway Dimensions ◽  
Mandibular Plane Angle

Aims. To assess the effects of two-phase treatment with the Herbst and the preadjusted edgewise appliances on upper airway dimensions and to investigate the correlation between changes in the upper airway dimensions and skeletal morphologies.Methods. A total of 27 Chinese male adolescents aged12.8±1.3years were selected. Lateral cephalograms were collected to assess the skeletal morphology and upper airway dimensions.Results. Following Herbst appliance treatment, the upper airway space was significantly enlarged, with the retropalatal (U-MPW) increasing by1.1±1.6 mm (P<0.001), the retroglossal (PASmin) increasing by1.3±2.9 mm (P<0.05), and the hypopharynx (V-LPW) enlarging by1.6±3.0 mm (P<0.01). PASmin was found to show a negative correlation to the mandibular plane angle (MnPl-SN) byr=-0.413(P<0.05). There was no significant change (P>0.05) in upper airway dimensions during the second-phase treatment.Conclusions. Herbst appliance treatment increased the oropharyngeal and hypopharyngeal airway dimensions among adolescents with Class II malocclusion, and the effects were maintained throughout the second treatment phase with a preadjusted edgewise appliance. There was a negative correlation between the change in the depth of the retroglossal pharynx and the mandibular plane angle.

scholarly journals Correlation Between Gonial Angle And Mandibular Symphysis Width In South Indian Dravidian Population

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL3) ◽  
pp. 1132-1135
Author(s):  
Anjali Anna Thomas ◽  
Harish Babu ◽  
Remmiya Mary Varghese
Keyword(s):  
Growth Pattern ◽  
Growth Direction ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Mandibular Symphysis ◽  
Mandibular Growth ◽  
Gonial Angle ◽  
Vertical Growth ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Horizontal Growth ◽  
Vertical Growth Pattern

Mandibular growth pattern (MGP) prediction plays an important role in orthodontic treatment planning. This study sought to assess the mandibular symphyseal width in adolescents with different mandibular growth patterns (MGPs) so as to see whether a correlation exists. This study was conducted on 90 lateral cephalograms of patients aged between 10 and 16 years. The subjects were divided into normo-divergent, hypodivergent and hyperdivergent subgroups based on the gonial angle. The symphyseal measurement included width or depth of the mandibular symphysis according to Akietal study. He suggested that a mandible with anterior growth direction was associated with a large depth of the symphysis. In contrast, a mandible with a posterior growth direction was associated with a small depth of symphysis. To assess the correlation between mandibular symphyseal width and mandibular growth pattern, Pearson’s correlation test was done. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2 tailed). A P-value which is less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The mandibular symphyseal width was found to be strongly associated with the MGP. It can be inferred from the results that in vertical growth pattern, as the gonial angle increases, symphyseal width decreases and in horizontal growth pattern, as the gonial angle decreases, symphyseal width increases. Also, in vertical growth pattern subjects, the mandibular symphyseal width is narrower. In contrast, in horizontal growth pattern subjects, the mandibular symphyseal width is wider.

scholarly journals Over-bite and Vertical Changes following First Premolar Extraction in High Angle Cases

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 812-818 ◽  
Author(s):  
KS Girish ◽  
GC Ramesh ◽  
MC Pradeep ◽  
G Arun Kumar ◽  
BS Suresh
Keyword(s):  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Plane Angle ◽  
High Angle ◽  
Premolar Extraction ◽  
Mandibular Plane ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Vertical Changes ◽  
Cephalometric Changes ◽  
Mandibular Plane Angle

ABSTRACT Aims and objectives Orthodontists generally agree that nonextraction treatment is associated with downward and backward rotation of the mandible and an increase in the lower anterior face height (LAFH). They also agree that extraction line of treatment is associated with upward and forward rotation of the mandible and decrease in the LAFH. The intent of this cephalometric investigation was to examine the wedge hypothesis, that the vertical dimension collapses after first bicuspid extraction. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the cephalometric overbite and vertical changes following first premolar extraction in high angle cases. Materials and methods Forty-five adult patients having high mandibular plane angle, i.e. Gogn – SN more than or equal to 32° having class I molar and canine relation were included. Preand post-treatment lateral cephalograms were measured and compared to analyze the cephalometric changes. Results There was no decrease in the overbite and vertical changes following first premolar extraction in high angle cases. Clinical significance The facial complex does increase in size with growth, but mandibular plane while moving inferiorly, remain essentially parallel to its pretreatment position due to residual growth and treatment mechanics. Conclusion The study concluded that, There was no decrease in the vertical facial dimension, overbite and mandibular plane angle. However, it should be interpreted with caution, given the small sample size. How to cite this article Ramesh GC, Pradeep MC, Kumar GA, Girish KS, Suresh BS. Over-bite and Vertical Changes following First Premolar Extraction in High Angle Cases. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(6):812-818.

scholarly journals Cephalometric Profile of Bangladeshis: Tweed’s Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 130-134
Author(s):  
Hasan Md Rizvi ◽  
Md Zakir Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Plane Angle ◽  
Linear Regression Equation ◽  
Morphometric Analyses ◽  
Mandibular Plane ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Facial Pattern ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ethnic Variations ◽  
Mandibular Plane Angle

Introduction Tweed’s diagnostic triangle is simple yet provides a definite guideline in treatment planning. The aim of the present study was to establish the Tweed’s norms for Bangladeshi people. Methods The study was conducted for 89 Bangladeshi young adults (45 males and 44 females), aged 19–27 years, having balanced and harmonious facial profiles. Lateral cephalograms taken of these subjects were used for a series of morphometric analyses. Results All three angular parameters Frankfort-mandibular plane angle (FMA), Frankfort-mandibular incisal angle (FMIA), incise mandibular plane angle (IMPA)were measured and found to be 24.52°, 54.60°, and 100.88°, respectively. The mean FMA has been found to be 24.52° (with a range of 14°–36°) which is quite close to Tweed’s norm and found to be statistically insignificant. However, IMPA and FMIA values of Bangladeshis found to be statistically significantly different from that of the Caucasians. The linear regression equation of IMPA on FMA was fitted, and the estimated value of IMPA was computed for a given FMA. Conclusion The results support the idea that treatment objectives of IMPA should be considered according to the facial pattern, i.e., FMA. Ethnic variations of norms cannot be overlooked while outlining goals and planning the treatment.

scholarly journals Sagittal and Vertical Growth of the Maxillo–Mandibular Complex in Untreated Children: A Longitudinal Study on Lateral Cephalograms Derived from Cone Beam Computed Tomography

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (24) ◽  
pp. 8484
Author(s):  
Leah Yi ◽  
Hyeran Helen Jeon ◽  
Chenshuang Li ◽  
Normand Boucher ◽  
Chun-Hsi Chung
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽  
3D Imaging ◽  
Cranial Base ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Plane Angle ◽  
Vertical Growth ◽  
Mandibular Plane ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms

The aim of this longitudinal study was to evaluate the sagittal and vertical growth of the maxillo–mandibular complex in untreated children using orthogonal lateral cephalograms compressed from cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Two sets of scans, on 12 males (mean 8.75 years at T1, and 11.52 years at T2) and 18 females (mean 9.09 years at T1, and 10.80 years at T2), were analyzed using Dolphin 3D imaging. The displacements of the landmarks and rotations of both jaws relative to the cranial base were measured using the cranial base, and the maxillary and mandibular core lines. From T1 to T2, relative to the cranial base, the nasion, orbitale, A-point, and B-point moved anteriorly and inferiorly. The porion moved posteriorly and inferiorly. The ANB and mandibular plane angle decreased. All but one subject had forward rotation in reference to the cranial base. The maxillary and mandibular superimpositions showed no sagittal change on the A-point and B-point. The U6 and U1 erupted at 0.94 and 1.01 mm/year (males) and 0.82 and 0.95 mm/year (females), respectively. The L6 and L1 erupted at 0.66 and 0.88 mm/year (males), and at 0.41 mm/year for both the L6 and the L1 (females), respectively.

scholarly journals Relationship of maxillary and mandibular effective base length, arch length and dental crowding in different vertical growth pattern

2022 ◽  
Vol 0 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Priyanka Satra ◽  
Gauri Vichare ◽  
Veera Bhosale
Keyword(s):  
Growth Pattern ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Base Length ◽  
Clockwise Rotation ◽  
Gonial Angle ◽  
Vertical Growth ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Vertical Growth Pattern ◽  
Dental Crowding

Objectives: The objectives of the study were to assess, measure, and correlate the maxillary and mandibular effective base length, arch length to the amount of dental crowding in different vertical growth pattern patients. Materials and Methods: Sample comprising 100 pre-treatment lateral cephalograms and study models (age group – 16–25 years) was randomly selected. The sample was divided into two groups, that is, clockwise (50) and anticlockwise (50) rotation based on the measurement of the gonial angle. The gonial angle and maxillary and mandibular effective lengths were measured on pre-treatment lateral cephalograms. Dental crowding and arch length were measured on the pre-treatment dental casts. Intergroup comparisons of effective base length, arch length, and crowding were performed with unpaired t-tests. Correlations between effective base length, arch length, and dental crowding were examined by means of Pearson’s correlation coefficient (P < 0.05). Results: Subjects with clockwise rotation significantly had more mandibular dental crowding and significantly decreased mandibular arch length compared to the anticlockwise group. An inverse correlation was found between maxillary and mandibular effective base length, arch length, and dental crowding while a positive correlation was found between maxillary and mandibular base length and arch length in both the groups. Conclusion: Clockwise rotation of the mandible along with skeletal and dental factors such as decreased effective base lengths and arch length, respectively, constitutes an important factor leading to dental crowding.

scholarly journals Assessment of Vertical Skeletal Patterns using a New Cephalometric Parameter: The Dhaval—Rohan Angle

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-11
Author(s):  
Dhaval Ranjitbhai Lekhadia ◽  
Rohan Rai ◽  
Niveditha Hegde ◽  
Abhinay Sorake
Keyword(s):  
Growth Pattern ◽  
Lateral Cephalogram ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Vertical Growth ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Horizontal Growth ◽  
Point G ◽  
Vertical Growth Pattern

ABSTRACT Introduction The aim of this study was to establish a new cephalometric parameter, named the Dhaval—Rohan angle (DR), to assess the vertical skeletal patterns on a lateral cephalogram with accuracy and reproducibility. Materials and methods One hundred and twenty pretreatment lateral cephalograms of the patients visiting the department of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics for treatment were obtained and divided into three groups. i.e., horizontal growth pattern, average growth pattern, and vertical growth pattern cases based on the routinely used cephalometric parameters; FMA, SN-GoGn, Y-axis angle and Jarabak ratio. This angle uses three skeletal landmarks, the point C (center of the condyle), point M (midpoint of premaxilla), and point G (center of the largest circle that is tangent to the internal inferior, anterior, and posterior surfaces of the mandibular symphysis). Results The one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test showed that the three groups studied were not the same for DR angle and the post hoc Tukey test found the groups to be significantly different. According to the Student's t-test, there was no statistically significant difference in mean values of DR angle between males and females. Conclusion Cephalometric evaluation of young adults shows that the DR angle below 28.5° indicates a horizontal growth pattern, between 28.5 and 32.5° indicate an average growth pattern and above 32.5° indicate a vertical growth pattern. How to cite this article Lekhadia DR, Rai R, Hegde N, Hegde G, Sorake A, Kumar A. Assessment of Vertical Skeletal Patterns using a New Cephalometric Parameter: The Dhaval—Rohan Angle. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2017;51(1):7-11.

scholarly journals Relationship between Occlusal Force and Mandibular Condyle Morphology

2009 ◽  
Vol 79 (6) ◽  
pp. 1063-1069 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aya Kurusu ◽  
Mariko Horiuchi ◽  
Kunimichi Soma
Keyword(s):  
Cone Beam Ct ◽  
Mandibular Condyle ◽  
Occlusal Plane ◽  
Plane Angle ◽  
Occlusal Force ◽  
Mandibular Plane ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Frankfort Horizontal Plane ◽  
Mandibular Plane Angle

Abstract Objective: To clarify the relationship between occlusal force and mandibular condyle morphology using clinical data. Materials and Methods: The subjects were 40 female patients with malocclusion. The mandibular condyle morphology was assessed by using limited cone-beam CT imaging. The maximum occlusal force was calculated by using pressure-sensitive films. Maxillofacial morphologies were analyzed by using data from lateral cephalograms. Results: Correlation analysis showed that the occlusal force was correlated with the lateral and posterior radii of the condyles, and with the mandibular plane angle to the Frankfort horizontal plane (FH). Moreover, condylar length was significantly correlated with the occlusal plane angle to the FH, the mandibular plane angle to the FH, the ramus inclination, and the posterior facial height (S-Go). Low-occlusal-force patients tended to have smaller mandibular condyles. This size-related difference was more remarkable on the lateral and posterior side. Conclusions: Occlusal force influences not only maxillofacial morphology but also mandibular condyle morphology.

scholarly journals A Comparison of Craniofacial Characteristics between Two Different Adult Populations with Class II Malocclusion—A Cross-Sectional Retrospective Study

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 438
Author(s):  
Arvind Sivakumar ◽  
Prasad Nalabothu ◽  
Huyen Nguyen Thanh ◽  
Gregory S. Antonarakis
Keyword(s):  
Growth Pattern ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Class Ii Malocclusion ◽  
South Indian Population ◽  
The South ◽  
Facial Height ◽  
South Indian ◽  
Mandibular Plane ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Craniofacial Characteristics

The dental, skeletal, and soft-tissue characteristics of a particular malocclusion can differ based on ethnicity, race, age, sex and geographical location with Class II malocclusion being one of the most prevalent malocclusions encountered in orthodontic clinical practice. The broad understanding of the characteristics of vertical skeletal and dental parameters in patients with Class II malocclusion can help clinicians to identify patterns and variations in the expression of this phenotype for better treatment outcomes. Hence, we compared the craniofacial characteristics of skeletal and dental Class II malocclusion traits from Indian and Vietnamese individuals to analyze the vertical skeletal and dental patterns in both population groups. The sample comprised of lateral cephalograms from 100 young adults with Class II malocclusion, of which fifty (25 males and 25 females) were from South India and the other 50 age- and sex-matched adults from Vietnam. The lateral cephalometric radiographs were digitized into anonymous image files and were traced and assessed for 16 vertical skeletal and dental parameters. The ANB angle was greater in males (+1.4 deg; p < 0.001) and females (+1.9 deg; p < 0.001) in the South Indian population. The Vietnamese males had a larger mandibular plane angle, articular angle, anterior facial height and lower anterior facial height compared to the Indian males. The Vietnamese females had larger mandibular plane and articular angles compared to the Indian females. The skeletal class II malocclusion was more severe in the South Indian compared to the Vietnamese adults. The Vietnamese sample showed a generalized tendency towards a more vertical skeletal growth pattern and in males this pattern seemed to be due to the dentoalveolar component. The Vietnamese females showed a tendency towards a vertical growth pattern, but without apparent contribution by the dentoalveolar component.

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