Coatings for Crude Oil Tank Bottoms★

CORROSION ◽  
1957 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 62-68
Author(s):  
R. M. CARTER
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Protective Coating ◽  
Coal Tar ◽  
Brand Names ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Oil Tank

Abstract Corrosion in the bottoms of field-erected tanks handling crude oil continues to be a problem, especially in areas where the oil contains aromatics or other elements that rapidly deteriorate the hot coal tar coatings generally used. New epoxy resin combinations and other coating innovations have brought forth materials that promise to withstand the more troublesome environments and to compete with the older bottom coatings for general use. However, the array of new brand names, chemical terms, unrelated service claims, etc., can become confusing to the operating man faced with the problem of selecting a protective coating for his particular tank. This paper describes a method successfully used to screen promising materials in the laboratory. It also discusses field conditions, application problems, and other factors that affect the selection and use of successful coatings. 7.5.5

scholarly journals The Effect of Lining Material on the Permeability of Clayey Soil

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arwa Ossama Shakir ◽  
Haifaa Abd Al-Rasool Ali
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Clayey Soil ◽  
Coal Tar ◽  
Sieve Analysis ◽  
The Core ◽  
Resin Coating ◽  
Lining Material ◽  
Epoxy Resin Coating

The main objectives of current work are to reduce the permeability of clayey soil for different fluid (water and crude oil) and to predict its efficiency for petroleum storage. Current research uses a sodium bentonite (B) with percentage (1.5, 3 and 6%) by the dry weight of soil and coal tar extended epoxy resin coating as the lining material. The soil sample was brought from AL -Nahrawan region. Soil's permeability for petrol was studied through using compacted soil model and making a central hole (core) in it with changing its dimensions (diameter, thickness of wall and base), type of fluid and number of filling cycles. After filling the core with these fluids, the volume losses of fluids were measured per day. When two cycles were finished, a sample was taken from the base of the core to be examined in a consolidation test. Number of laboratory tests have been conducted such as (Atterberg limits, compaction test, consolidation, sieve analysis and specific gravity).The results showed that the increase in bentonite percentage causes an increase in (optimum moisture content, Atterberg limit and specific gravity) and also decreasing in (max dry unit weight and permeability) as the fluid was water. However, an increase in permeability was obtained using the crude oil. A reduction in volume losses was observed when using the lining material, coal tar extended epoxy resin coating.

scholarly journals Energy and Resource Utilization of Refining Industry Oil Sludge by Microwave Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 6862
Author(s):  
Chien Li Lee ◽  
Cheng-Hsien Tsai ◽  
Chih-Ju G. Jou
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Microwave Power ◽  
Petroleum Refining ◽  
Microwave Treatment ◽  
Field Energy ◽  
Oily Sludge ◽  
Sludge Sample ◽  
Volatile Hydrocarbons ◽  
Benzene Toluene ◽  
Oil Tank

The oily sludge from crude oil contains hazardous BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene) found in the bottom sediment of the crude oil tank in the petroleum refining plant. This study uses microwave treatment of the oily sludge to remove BTEX by utilizing the heat energy generated by the microwave. The results show that when the oily sludge sample was treated for 60 s under microwave power from 200 to 300 W, the electric field energy absorbed by the sample increased from 0.17 to 0.31 V/m and the temperature at the center of the sludge sample increased from 66.5 °C to 96.5 °C. In addition, when the oily sludge was treated for 900 s under microwave power 300 W, the removal rates were 98.5% for benzene, 62.8% for toluene, 51.6% for ethylbenzene, and 29.9% for xylene. Meanwhile, the highest recovery rates of light volatile hydrocarbons in sludge reached 71.9% for C3, 71.3% for C4, 71.0% for C5, and 78.2% for C6.

Failure of the Crude-Oil Tank Induced by Two Independent Corrosion Processes

2013 ◽  
Vol 577-578 ◽  
pp. 529-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiří Sís ◽  
Bedřich Votava
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Failure Analysis ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Weld Joint ◽  
Heat Affected Zone ◽  
Low Cycle Fatigue ◽  
Basic Material ◽  
Cycle Fatigue ◽  
Concrete Base ◽  
Oil Tank

Corrosion processes are frequent reasons of failure of materials in many applications. Results of failure analysis of the crude-oil tank after more than 30 years of service are summarized in this work. The failure was caused by two different and independent corrosion processes – corrosion in crude oil inside the tank and corrosion from concrete base under the tank. Both corrosion processes usually occur equally over the whole surface. In this case, however, both the corrosion processes occurred with distinctly higher corrosion rate in basic material alongside of heat affected zone of weld joint as well. The crack with length about 420 mm was the final result of these processes. The effect of low-cycle fatigue from filling and draining of crude oil is usually significant and was discussed as well.

Study of optimal layout based on integrated probabilistic framework (IPF): Case of a crude oil tank farm

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 305-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingguang Zhang ◽  
Zhan Dou ◽  
Longfei Liu ◽  
Juncheng Jiang ◽  
Ahmed Mebarki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Optimal Layout ◽  
Probabilistic Framework ◽  
Tank Farm ◽  
Oil Tank

Robust silicon dioxide @ epoxy resin micronanosheet superhydrophobic omnipotent protective coating for applications

2018 ◽  
Vol 550 ◽  
pp. 9-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zelinlan Wang ◽  
Xiaoyu Gao ◽  
Gang Wen ◽  
Pan Tian ◽  
Lieshuang Zhong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Dioxide ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Protective Coating

Whole cell bioreporter application for rapid detection and evaluation of crude oil spill in seawater caused by Dalian oil tank explosion

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 1191-1200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dayi Zhang ◽  
Aizhong Ding ◽  
Shuangchao Cui ◽  
Cheng Hu ◽  
Steven F. Thornton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Rapid Detection ◽  
Whole Cell ◽  
Oil Tank ◽  
Crude Oil Spill

Epoxy Modified with TDI to Cure Active Hydrogen Groups: Synthesis and Characterization

2012 ◽  
Vol 531 ◽  
pp. 511-515
Author(s):  
Zhi Gang Liu ◽  
Jing Jing Xu ◽  
Yan Lan Qin ◽  
Ju Sheng Zhang ◽  
Qian Lan Rao
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Ir Spectra ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Epoxy Group ◽  
Coal Tar ◽  
Toluene Diisocyanate ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Curing Agent ◽  
Active Hydrogen

Study on isocyanate-terminated prepolymer prepared by the reaction of toluene diisocyanate (TDI) with the hydroxy of epoxy resin. By the characteristics that isocyanate-group reacts with active hydrogen groups easily, the prepolymer could be as a curing agent for substance with active hydrogen groups like coal tar. IR spectra showed that the modification was achieved by cross-linking the hydroxy of epoxy resin and the isocyanate of TDI, but epoxy group had no change. In self-made coal tar coatings, the remaining isocyanate-groups played a curing agent role linking coal tar and epoxy resin. Tafel test showed the films with prepolymer was more corrosion resistance, combined the characteristics of the epoxy resin and coal tar.

The Influence of Several Ions on Pitting Corrosion in Sedimentary Water of Oil Tank

2011 ◽  
Vol 317-319 ◽  
pp. 66-69
Author(s):  
Yong Zhang Zhou ◽  
Min Liu ◽  
Xin Ni ◽  
Dong Sheng Chen ◽  
Wu Ji Wei
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Pitting Corrosion ◽  
Local Corrosion ◽  
Oil Tank

Hysteretic loops were used to study the influence of several ions in sedimentary water of oil tank on local corrosion at the bottom of crude oil tank, which were measured by the electrochemical station CHI660. The results indicated that the pitting increased firstly and then decreased with the increasing of the concentrations of each ion. The most serious pitting corrosion occurred under the following condition: the concentration of Cl-, SO42-, HCO3-, Mg2+, Ca2+ were 10.0 g/L, 1.0 g/L, 0.75 g/L, 0.35 g/L, 0.2 g/L, respectively.

Boilover Starting Time of Small-Scale Crude Oil Tank

2013 ◽  
Vol 295-298 ◽  
pp. 564-567
Author(s):  
Da Wei Yang ◽  
Pei Hong Zhang ◽  
Bao Zhi Chen
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Experimental Device ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Starting Time ◽  
Oil Tank ◽  
Basic Characteristics

A small-scale crude oil tank boilover experimental device was established to study the basic characteristics of boilover phenomenon. The boilover starting time was mainly focused in order to make the proper fire rescue strategy. The results indicate that, the commonly used methods of predicting the boilover starting time show a relatively great deviation with the results obtained in experiments. The boilover starting time is linearly proportional to the parameter Ho/D0.5, which agrees Tan’s equation. However, Tan’s equation underestimates the boilover starting time when Ho/D0.5≤0.09 and overestimates the boilover starting time when Ho/D0.5>0.09.

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