scholarly journals Energy and Resource Utilization of Refining Industry Oil Sludge by Microwave Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 6862
Author(s):  
Chien Li Lee ◽  
Cheng-Hsien Tsai ◽  
Chih-Ju G. Jou
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Microwave Power ◽  
Petroleum Refining ◽  
Microwave Treatment ◽  
Field Energy ◽  
Oily Sludge ◽  
Sludge Sample ◽  
Volatile Hydrocarbons ◽  
Benzene Toluene ◽  
Oil Tank

The oily sludge from crude oil contains hazardous BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene) found in the bottom sediment of the crude oil tank in the petroleum refining plant. This study uses microwave treatment of the oily sludge to remove BTEX by utilizing the heat energy generated by the microwave. The results show that when the oily sludge sample was treated for 60 s under microwave power from 200 to 300 W, the electric field energy absorbed by the sample increased from 0.17 to 0.31 V/m and the temperature at the center of the sludge sample increased from 66.5 °C to 96.5 °C. In addition, when the oily sludge was treated for 900 s under microwave power 300 W, the removal rates were 98.5% for benzene, 62.8% for toluene, 51.6% for ethylbenzene, and 29.9% for xylene. Meanwhile, the highest recovery rates of light volatile hydrocarbons in sludge reached 71.9% for C3, 71.3% for C4, 71.0% for C5, and 78.2% for C6.

scholarly journals CRUDE OIL BIOREMEDIATION BY INDIGENOUS BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM OILY SLUDGE

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (11-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Hafizah Azizan ◽  
Kasing Ak Apun ◽  
Lesley Maurice Bilung ◽  
Micky Vincent ◽  
Hairul Azman Roslan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Enrichment Culture ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Oily Sludge ◽  
Minimal Salt Medium ◽  
Alkane Degradation ◽  
Growth Study ◽  
The Third ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Degrading Bacteria

Enrichment culture technique leads to the discovery of six presumptive TPH-degrading bacteria. Identification and characterization tests using morphological, biochemical and molecular techniques have successfully isolated Pseudomonas aeruginosa (UMAS1PF), Serratia marcescens (UMAS2SF) and Klebsiella spp. (UMAS3KF). All strains were able to use crude oil as sole carbon and energy source for their growth since they were able to survive in Minimal Salt medium supplemented with 1% (v/v) crude oil. Growth study showed that they produced the highest cell counts on the third or fourth day by 108 – 1011 CFU/ml. Six artificial consortium inoculums have been produced from the growth study. Gas chromatography analysis showed that all isolates had the ability to degrade aliphatic hydrocarbon with 100% degradation of nC19 – C24. Among the isolates, UMAS2SF was the best and fastest n-alkane degrader with degradation percentage between 55 – 90% of n-C14 – C18 in 14 days. This was followed by UMAS1PF and UMAS3KF with 11 – 82% and 1.3% degradation, respectively. Enhancement study showed that plot with inoculum and NPK addition successfully enhanced n-alkane degradation. Plot A2:B3+NPK degraded n-alkane the fastest followed by plot treated by C+NPK, A1:B2, B+NPK and A2:B3. Result showed that UMAS1PF was the best PAHs degrader as most of the high molecular weight PAHs was degraded. In the enhancement study, the plot amended with A2:B3 showed the highest PAHs degradation, followed by plots A1:B2, A3:B1:C2 and A1:C3 that was assigned as the third, fourth and fifth best in mineralizing PAHs, respectively.

Failure of the Crude-Oil Tank Induced by Two Independent Corrosion Processes

2013 ◽  
Vol 577-578 ◽  
pp. 529-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiří Sís ◽  
Bedřich Votava
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Failure Analysis ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Weld Joint ◽  
Heat Affected Zone ◽  
Low Cycle Fatigue ◽  
Basic Material ◽  
Cycle Fatigue ◽  
Concrete Base ◽  
Oil Tank

Corrosion processes are frequent reasons of failure of materials in many applications. Results of failure analysis of the crude-oil tank after more than 30 years of service are summarized in this work. The failure was caused by two different and independent corrosion processes – corrosion in crude oil inside the tank and corrosion from concrete base under the tank. Both corrosion processes usually occur equally over the whole surface. In this case, however, both the corrosion processes occurred with distinctly higher corrosion rate in basic material alongside of heat affected zone of weld joint as well. The crack with length about 420 mm was the final result of these processes. The effect of low-cycle fatigue from filling and draining of crude oil is usually significant and was discussed as well.

Analysis of Products by Conventional and Microwave Induced Pyrolysis for Low Rank Coal

2012 ◽  
Vol 524-527 ◽  
pp. 871-875
Author(s):  
Yong Hui Song ◽  
Jun Wei Shi ◽  
Jian Ping Fu ◽  
Xin Zhe Lan ◽  
Qiu Li Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Microwave Power ◽  
Microwave Treatment ◽  
Light Fraction ◽  
Low Rank ◽  
Low Rank Coal ◽  
Microwave Pyrolysis ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Component Content ◽  
Conventional Pyrolysis

This paper describes the products characteristic derived from the conventional pyrolysis (CP) and microwave-assisted pyrolysis (MWP) of low metamorphic coal. GC/MS were used to analyze the volatile fractions of tar obtained by pyrolysis at different temperature and microwave power. It was found that microwave treatment produces more gas and oil than conventional pyrolysis at 800w and 800°C. In addition, the gas from the microwave has much higher syngas (H2+ CO) contents (up to 55 vol. %) than those obtained by conventional hydrolysis (up to 42 vol. %). The tar from the microwave is mainly composed of aromatic pyrolysis and phenolic compounds, and the content is 47.398% and 13.831% respectively as the microwave power is 800w. Meanwhile, the tar component content of C5-C10from microwave pyrolysis is up to 5 fold than conventional pyrolysis. By contrast, the microwave-assisted pyrolysis is beneficial to the tar conversion to light fraction.

Study of optimal layout based on integrated probabilistic framework (IPF): Case of a crude oil tank farm

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 305-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingguang Zhang ◽  
Zhan Dou ◽  
Longfei Liu ◽  
Juncheng Jiang ◽  
Ahmed Mebarki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Optimal Layout ◽  
Probabilistic Framework ◽  
Tank Farm ◽  
Oil Tank

Application of EZ–Enzyme in Bioremediation of Oily Sludge

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Ho ◽  
Mohd. Rashid Mohd. Yusof
Keyword(s):  
Optimum Condition ◽  
Petroleum Refinery ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Oily Sludge ◽  
Sludge Sample ◽  
Oil And Grease ◽  
Considerable Length ◽  
Scale Experiment ◽  
Oily Waste

Sludge farming adalah cara biasa yang digunakan dalam loji penapisan petroleum untuk merawat sisa minyak yang mengandungi bahan berupaya terdegradasi kepada bahan yang tidak toksid terhadap kesihatan manusia dan alam sekitar. Sisa tersebut akan dibiarkan di atas tanah supaya terdegradasi secara semula jadi tetapi proses ini akan mengambil masa yang lama. Dalam kajian ini, sejenis enzim bernama Enzim EZ telah diuji untuk bioremediasi sampel sisa minyak dalam uji kaji yang berskala makmal. Keputusan menunjukkan bahawa terdapat pengurangan secara konsisten untuk kandungan minyak dan gris dalam sampel yang diuji (secara rata ~ 60%). Kandungan tersebut berkurangan dengan meningkatnya kepekatan Enzim EZ. Kandungan minyak dan gris terdegradasi dengan paling banyak dalam sampel mengandungi 100 ppm Enzim EZ iaitu dari 8% ke 2% dalam eksperimen selama sembilan minggu. Secara umum, suhu dan pH dikekalkan pada keadaan optimum, iaitu 35°C dan pH 7. Kualiti air serapan yang dihasilkan juga telah menunjukkan peningkatan kualiti di akhir eksperimen, iaitu keperluan oksigen kimia (COD) ialah 25 mg/l dan pH ialah 6.45. Kata kunci: Bioremediasi, enzim, kandungan minyak dan gris, sludge farming Sludge farming is commonly used in petroleum refinery as a method of treatment for oily waste containing degradable constituents into materials that are not hazardous to human health or the environment. The sludge is left on a designated plot of land to be biodegraded naturally, but the process could take a considerable length of time. In this study, an enzyme known as EZ-Enzyme was tested to bioremediate the oily sludge sample in a laboratory scale experiment. Results shown that there was a consistent reduction in the oil and grease (O&G) content of the tested sludge (~ 60% in average). The O&G content decreased with increase in the concentration of enzyme. The O&G content in a sludge sample decreased the most with the application of 100 pm EZ-Enzyme, which decreased from 8% to 2% within a period of nine weeks. In general, the temperature and pH of the system were maintained at optimum condition, which were 35°C and pH 7 respectively. The quality of the leachate was also improved by the end of the study, where chemical oxygen demand (COD) was 25 mg/l and pH was 6.45 respectively. Key words: Bioremediation, enzyme, oil and grease content, sludge farming

Whole cell bioreporter application for rapid detection and evaluation of crude oil spill in seawater caused by Dalian oil tank explosion

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 1191-1200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dayi Zhang ◽  
Aizhong Ding ◽  
Shuangchao Cui ◽  
Cheng Hu ◽  
Steven F. Thornton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Rapid Detection ◽  
Whole Cell ◽  
Oil Tank ◽  
Crude Oil Spill

Influence of processing characteristics of crude oil on increasing the efficiency of petroleum refining

1985 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 333-336
Author(s):  
Z. A. Dzhashitov ◽  
L. Ya. Vlasenko ◽  
A. I. Samokhvalov ◽  
L. N. Shabalina
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Petroleum Refining
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