Destructive Accumulation of Nitrogen in 30 Cr 20 Ni Cast Furnace Tubes in Hydrocarbon Cracking Service at 1100 C

CORROSION ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 276-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. SCHLEY ◽  
F. W. BENNETT
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Tube Wall ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Molecular Nitrogen ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
High Nitrogen Content ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Micro Structure ◽  
Nitrogen Gas ◽  
Centrifugally Cast

Abstract Centrifugally cast furnace tubes of 30 Cr, 20 Ni, balance iron, exhibited certain unusual structural characteristics after failure in service at 1100 C. A common feature of these tubes is a relatively high nitrogen content. In one instance, weakening and rupture of the tube wall under normal operating conditions was associated with a nitrogen-rich phase in the alloy micro-structure. Other cases were noted in which porosity and actual blisters developed within the walls of high-nitrogen tubes under conditions of severe carburization and overheating. Similar phenomena were produced in laboratory experiments and a mechanism involving the evolution of molecular nitrogen gas within the alloy is postulated.

EFFECT OF SUBSTRATE TEMPERATURE ON GROWTH OF NITROGEN INCORPORATED CAMPHORIC CARBON FILMS BY PULSED LASER ABLATION

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (06n07) ◽  
pp. 866-870 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rusop ◽  
S. M. Mominuzzaman ◽  
T. Soga ◽  
T. Jimbo ◽  
M. Umeno
Keyword(s):  
Substrate Temperature ◽  
Pulsed Laser ◽  
Amorphous Structure ◽  
Carbon Films ◽  
High Nitrogen Content ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Gas ◽  
High Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Composition Structure ◽  
Standard Techniques

gas ambient with varying substrate temperature from 20°C to 500°C. The effects of the substrate temperature and ambient nitrogen gas pressure on the surface morphology, composition, structure, and electrical properties of the nitrogen incorporated camphoric carbon thin films have been investigated by standard techniques. We found that the amorphous structure of CNx films can be changed by substrate temperature and the CNx films with high nitrogen content have relatively high electrical resistivity.

Poultry Manure as a Fertilizer

EDIS ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Davis ◽  
Doug R. Sloan ◽  
Gerald Kidder ◽  
R. D. Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Nutrient Retention ◽  
High Nitrogen Content ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Animal Science ◽  
Fact Sheet

Animal manures have been used as natural crop fertilizers for centuries. Because of poultry manure’s high nitrogen content, it has long been recognized as one of the most desirable manures. Besides fertilizing crops, manures also supply other essential plant nutrients and serve as a soil amendment by adding organic matter, which helps improve the soil’s moisture and nutrient retention. Organic matter persistence will vary with temperature, drainage, rainfall, and other environmental factors. This 2-page fact sheet was written by Michael A. Davis, D.R. Sloan, Gerald Kidder, and R.D. Jacobs, and published by the UF Department of Animal Science, November 2013. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/aa205

scholarly journals How Does an Acidic Support Affect the Hydrotreatment of a Gas Oil with High Nitrogen Content?

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 1467-1472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minh-Tuan Nguyen ◽  
Gerhard D. Pirngruber ◽  
Florian Albrieux ◽  
Fabien Chainet ◽  
Melaz Tayakout-Fayolle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Gas Oil ◽  
High Nitrogen Content ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Acidic Support

NO x and N2O Emissions During Fluidized Bed Combustion of Leather Wastes

2005 ◽  
Vol 128 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Bahillo ◽  
Lourdes Armesto ◽  
Andrés Cabanillas ◽  
Juan Otero
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Oxygen Content ◽  
N2o Emission ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Fluidized Bed Combustion ◽  
High Nitrogen Content ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Leather Wastes ◽  
Leather Waste

Transformation of hide (animal skins) into leather is a complicated process during which significant amounts of wastes are generated. Fluidized bed combustion has been extended to burn different wastes that have problems with their disposal showing its technical feasibility. Considering the characteristics of the leather waste, especially the heating value (12.5-21MJ∕kg), it is a fairly good fuel. Moreover, leather waste has a high volatile matter, 65%, similar to other biomasses and unusual high nitrogen content, 14%. The aim of this work was to study leather wastes combustion in fluidized bed presenting experimental results regarding NOx and N2O emissions. A series of experiments were carried out in a fluidized bed pilot plant to understand the importance of operating parameters such as furnace temperature, oxygen content in gases, staged combustion and residence time on the NOx and N2O emission level. Despite having high nitrogen content, low conversion of N-fuel to NOx and N2O was measured during the combustion of leather waste in BFB. Bed temperature and oxygen content were found as the most important single parameters on N2O emission and only oxygen content has a significant influence on NOx emission. Leather waste exhibits a great NOx∕O2 trend; NOx emission decreases as the oxygen concentration decreases while the effect of combustion temperature on NOx is insignificant. Staged combustion does not give a reduction in NOx.

UTILIZATION OF GRASS SILAGE BY CATTLE: EFFECT OF BARLEY AND FISHMEAL SUPPLEMENTS

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 897-903 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. VEIRA ◽  
M. IVAN ◽  
G. BUTLER ◽  
J. G. PROULX
Keyword(s):  
Formic Acid ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Large Reduction ◽  
High Nitrogen Content ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Ad Libitum

Following weaning at 6–7 mo of age, 36 beef steers were used to determine production responses when grass silage was supplemented with barley or fishmeal. The silage was made from direct-cut, formic- acid-treated grass harvested from a mixed sward and had a high nitrogen content but poor fermentation characteristics. The silage was fed ad libitum for 98 days either alone or supplemented with 500 g fishmeal or 500 g barley per day. Both fishmeal and barley increased total dry matter intake (P < 0.01) by an amount equivalent to the quantity of supplement offered but had no effect on silage intake (P > 0.05). Steers fed the fishmeal grew substantially faster than either the barley (0.53 kg/day) or unsupplemented (0.54 kg/day) groups (P < 0.01). Fishmeal supplementation resulted in a large reduction (35%) in the amount of feed required per kilogram of gain. Key words: Cattle, grass silage, fishmeal, growth

Highly Ordered Mesoporous Carbon Nitride Nanoparticles with High Nitrogen Content: A Metal-Free Basic Catalyst

2009 ◽  
Vol 48 (42) ◽  
pp. 7884-7887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Jin ◽  
Veerappan V. Balasubramanian ◽  
Sakthivel T. Selvan ◽  
Dhanashri P. Sawant ◽  
Murugulla A. Chari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Mesoporous Carbon ◽  
Carbon Nitride ◽  
Ordered Mesoporous Carbon ◽  
Basic Catalyst ◽  
High Nitrogen Content ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Metal Free ◽  
Ordered Mesoporous ◽  
Mesoporous Carbon Nitride

Cyclic strength of an austenitic corrosion-resistant steel with a high nitrogen content

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 (4) ◽  
pp. 346-353
Author(s):  
V. F. Terent’ev ◽  
I. O. Bannykh ◽  
E. V. Blinov ◽  
M. E. Prutskov ◽  
A. G. Kolmakov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Cyclic Strength ◽  
Corrosion Resistant Steel ◽  
Resistant Steel ◽  
High Nitrogen Content ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Corrosion Resistant

Roots as a site of hydrogen sulfide uptake in the hydrocarbon seep vestimentiferan Lamellibrachia sp

1999 ◽  
Vol 202 (17) ◽  
pp. 2245-2257 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Julian ◽  
F. Gaill ◽  
E. Wood ◽  
A.J. Arp ◽  
C.R. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Total Mass ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Tube Wall ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Sulfide Oxidation ◽  
Sulfide Concentration ◽  
Hydrocarbon Seep ◽  
Respiratory Organ ◽  
Root Tube

Vestimentiferan tubeworms have no mouth or gut, and the majority of their nutritional requirements are provided by endosymbiotic bacteria that utilize hydrogen sulfide oxidation to fix CO(2) into organic molecules. It has been assumed that all vestimentiferans obtain the sulfide, O(2) and CO(2) needed by the bacteria across the plume (gill) surface, but some live in locations where very little sulfide is available in the sea water surrounding the plume. We propose that at least some of these vestimentiferans can grow a posterior extension of their body and tube down into the sea-floor sediment, and that they can use this extension, which we call the ‘root’, to take up sulfide directly from the interstitial water. In this study of the vestimentiferan Lamellibrachia sp., found at hydrocarbon seeps in the Gulf of Mexico at depths of approximately 700 m, we measured seawater and interstitial sulfide concentrations in the hydrocarbon seep habitat, determined the structural characteristics of the root tube using transmission electron microscopy, characterized the biochemical composition of the tube wall, and measured the sulfide permeability of the root tube. We found that, while the sulfide concentration is less than 1 (μ)mol l(−)(1) in the sea water surrounding the gills, it can be over 1.5 mmol l(−)(1) at a depth of 10–25 cm in sediment beneath tubeworm bushes. The root tube is composed primarily of giant (β)-chitin crystallites (12–30 % of total mass) embedded in a protein matrix (50 % of total mass). Root tubes have a mean diameter of 1.4 mm, a mean wall thickness of 70 (μ)m and can be over 20 cm long. The tubeworm itself typically extends its body to the distal tip of the root tube. The root tube wall was quite permeable to sulfide, having a permeability coefficient at 20 degrees C of 0. 41×10(−)(3)cm s(−)(1), with root tube being 2.5 times more permeable to sulfide than trunk tube of the same diameter. The characteristics of the root suggest that it reaches down to the higher sulfide levels present in the deeper sediment and that it functions to increase the surface area available for sulfide uptake in a manner analogous to a respiratory organ.

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