Subjective Response on the Octave Band Level Change of Rubber Ball Sound with the Same Single-number Quantity

By the recent COVID-19 situation, people stay more time in their home and abatements on noise between neighbouring units are increasing. Heavy/soft impact sound is one of the major noise sources in high-rise apartment buildings. Standardized heavy/soft impact source is known for having the most similar physical and subjective characteristics with real impact sound such as a child running, jumping and an adult walking. The single number quantity on the rubber ball was standardized. A classification scheme for rubber ball impact sound needs to be standardized. Several studies on subjective responses were conducted on rubber ball impact sound in various situations. In this study, subjective responses on the rubber impact sound and real impact sound were compared. The subjective experiment was conducted in the listening chamber which is furnished similarly to the typical living room of Korean apartment buildings. In the experiment, rubber ball impact sounds recorded in the real apartment building and real impact sound recorded in the mock-up building were presented through a sub-woofer and multi-channel loudspeaker system. Subjective responses were collected with an 11 points SD scale.

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Review of acoustic comfort evaluation in dwellings: Part III—airborne sound data associated with subjective responses in laboratory tests

Building Acoustics ◽

10.1177/1351010x18788685 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 25 (4) ◽

pp. 289-305 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Nikolaos-Georgios Vardaxis ◽

Delphine Bard

Keyword(s):

Human Perception ◽

Low Noise ◽

Subjective Response ◽

Low Frequencies ◽

Subjective Data ◽

Speech Stimuli ◽

Airborne Sound ◽

Acoustic Comfort ◽

Single Number ◽

Sound Reduction

Acoustic comfort has been used in engineering to refer to conditions of low noise levels or annoyance, while current standardized methods for airborne and impact sound reduction are used to assess acoustic comfort in dwellings. However, the results and descriptors acquired from acoustic measurements do not represent the human perception of sound or comfort levels. This article is a review of laboratory studies concerning airborne sound in dwellings. Specifically, this review presents studies that approach acoustic comfort via the association of objective and subjective data in laboratory listening tests, combining airborne sound acoustic data, and subjective ratings. The presented studies are tabulated and evaluated using Bradford Hill’s criteria. Many of them attempt to predict subjective noise annoyance and find the best single number quantity for that reason. The results indicate that subjective response to airborne sound is complicated and varies according to different sound stimuli. It can be associated sufficiently with airborne sound in general but different descriptors relate best to music sounds or speech stimuli. The inclusion of low frequencies down to 50 Hz in the measurements seems to weaken the association of self-reported responses to airborne sound types except for the cases of music stimuli.

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Single‐Number Noise Rating for One‐Third Octave Band Sound Power Levels

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America ◽

10.1121/1.1913166 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 52 (3A) ◽

pp. 720-724 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

G. C. Maling ◽

W. W. Lang

Keyword(s):

Sound Power ◽

Octave Band ◽

Single Number

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Influence of Perforated Ceiling on Floor Impact Sound Insulation in Reinforced Concrete Buildings

Acta Acustica united with Acustica ◽

10.3813/aaa.919352 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 105 (5) ◽

pp. 727-731

Author(s):

Inho Kim ◽

Jongkwan Ryu ◽

Sungchan Lee

Keyword(s):

Reinforced Concrete ◽

Sound Insulation ◽

Light Weight ◽

Reinforced Concrete Buildings ◽

Mass System ◽

Rubber Ball ◽

Absorption Area ◽

Weight Impact ◽

Single Number ◽

Mass Spring

In this study, the influence of a perforated ceiling on the floor impact sound was investigated. The floor impact sound measurements were conducted both with and without suspended ceiling including the perforated and nonperforated panel, using heavy and light weight impact sources in a reinforced concrete test building. The results indicated that the perforated ceiling with and without absorption sheet greatly reduced the resonance of floor impact sound by the non-perforated ceiling. However, the perforated ceiling without an absorption sheet did not improve the single number quantity (SNQ, rubber ball: L′iA,Fmax,V.T and tapping machine: L′n,w) for the floor impact sound insulation. The perforated ceiling with attached absorption sheet produced SNQs of 2 dB lower and higher than that produced by the non-perforated ceiling for heavy and light weight impact sources, respectively. It was also found that the improvement in the floor impact sound insulation after the installation of the perforated ceiling was related to the mass-spring-mass system, rather than the absorption area of the receiving room.

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Does it matter whether single-number values of sound reduction indices are evaluated from third-octave band values or from octave band values?

Acta Acustica united with Acustica ◽

10.3813/aaa.918519 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 98 (2) ◽

pp. 354-360 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Werner Scholl ◽

Volker Wittstock

Keyword(s):

Octave Band ◽

Single Number ◽

Sound Reduction

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Background Noise, Noise Sensitivity, and Attitudes towards Neighbours, and a Subjective Experiment Using a Rubber Ball Impact Sound

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18147569 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (14) ◽

pp. 7569

Author(s):

Jeongho Jeong

Keyword(s):

Background Noise ◽

Low Frequency ◽

High Energy ◽

Noise Sensitivity ◽

Subjective Response ◽

Ball Impact ◽

Subjective Responses ◽

Rubber Ball ◽

Subjective Experiment ◽

The Impact

When children run and jump or adults walk indoors, the impact sounds conveyed to neighbouring households have relatively high energy in low-frequency bands. The experience of and response to low-frequency floor impact sounds can differ depending on factors such as the duration of exposure, the listener’s noise sensitivity, and the level of background noise in housing complexes. In order to study responses to actual floor impact sounds, it is necessary to investigate how the response is affected by changes in the background noise and differences in the response when focusing on other tasks. In this study, the author presented subjects with a rubber ball impact sound recorded from different apartment buildings and housings and investigated the subjects’ responses to varying levels of background noise and when they were assigned tasks to change their level of attention on the presented sound. The subjects’ noise sensitivity and response to their neighbours were also compared. The results of the subjective experiment showed differences in the subjective responses depending on the level of background noise, and high intensity rubber ball impact sounds were associated with larger subjective responses. In addition, when subjects were performing a task like browsing the internet, they attended less to the rubber ball impact sound, showing a less sensitive response to the same intensity of impact sound. The responses of the group with high noise sensitivity showed an even steeper response curve with the same change in impact sound intensity. The group with less positive opinions of their neighbours showed larger changes in their subjective response, resulting in the expression of stronger opinions even to the same change in loudness of the impact sound. It was found that subjective responses were different when subjects were performing activities of daily living, such as reading or watching TV in the evening, and when they were focused on floor impact sounds in the middle of the night.

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Background subtraction in STEM energy-loss mapping

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100112774 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 42 ◽

pp. 568-569

Author(s):

R.D. Leapman ◽

K.E. Gorlen ◽

C.R. Swyt

Keyword(s):

Energy Loss ◽

Signal To Noise Ratio ◽

Statistical Error ◽

Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope ◽

Reference Image ◽

Inverse Power Law ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Least Squares Fit ◽

Scanning Transmission ◽

Single Number

The determination of elemental distributions by electron energy loss spectroscopy necessitates removal of the non-characteristic spectral background from a core-edge at each point in the image. In the scanning transmission electron microscope this is made possible by computer controlled data acquisition. Data may be processed by fitting the pre-edge counts, at two or more channels, to an inverse power law, AE-r, where A and r are parameters and E is energy loss. Processing may be performed in real-time so a single number is saved at each pixel. Detailed analysis, shows that the largest contribution to noise comes from statistical error in the least squares fit to the background. If the background shape remains constant over the entire image, the signal-to-noise ratio can be improved by fitting only one parameter. Such an assumption is generally implicit in subtraction of the “reference image” in energy selected micrographs recorded in the CTEM with a Castaing-Henry spectrometer.

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Decay of Temporary Threshold Shift in Noise

Journal of Speech and Hearing Research ◽

10.1044/jshr.1602.267 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 267-270 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

John H. Mills ◽

Seija A. Talo ◽

Gloria S. Gordon

Keyword(s):

Sound Field ◽

Threshold Shift ◽

Temporary Threshold Shift ◽

Octave Band ◽

Band Noise ◽

Lower Asymptote

Groups of monaural chinchillas trained in behavioral audiometry were exposed in a diffuse sound field to an octave-band noise centered at 4.0 k Hz. The growth of temporary threshold shift (TTS) at 5.7 k Hz from zero to an asymptote (TTS ∞ ) required about 24 hours, and the growth of TTS at 5.7 k Hz from an asymptote to a higher asymptote, about 12–24 hours. TTS ∞ can be described by the equation TTS ∞ = 1.6(SPL-A) where A = 47. These results are consistent with those previously reported in this journal by Carder and Miller and Mills and Talo. Whereas the decay of TTS ∞ to zero required about three days, the decay of TTS ∞ to a lower TTS ∞ required about three to seven days. The decay of TTS ∞ in noise, therefore, appears to require slightly more time than the decay of TTS ∞ in the quiet. However, for a given level of noise, the magnitude of TTS ∞ is the same regardless of whether the TTS asymptote is approached from zero, from a lower asymptote, or from a higher asymptote.

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