Subjective responses between real impact sound and rubber ball im-pact sound

By the recent COVID-19 situation, people stay more time in their home and abatements on noise between neighbouring units are increasing. Heavy/soft impact sound is one of the major noise sources in high-rise apartment buildings. Standardized heavy/soft impact source is known for having the most similar physical and subjective characteristics with real impact sound such as a child running, jumping and an adult walking. The single number quantity on the rubber ball was standardized. A classification scheme for rubber ball impact sound needs to be standardized. Several studies on subjective responses were conducted on rubber ball impact sound in various situations. In this study, subjective responses on the rubber impact sound and real impact sound were compared. The subjective experiment was conducted in the listening chamber which is furnished similarly to the typical living room of Korean apartment buildings. In the experiment, rubber ball impact sounds recorded in the real apartment building and real impact sound recorded in the mock-up building were presented through a sub-woofer and multi-channel loudspeaker system. Subjective responses were collected with an 11 points SD scale.

Background Noise, Noise Sensitivity, and Attitudes towards Neighbours, and a Subjective Experiment Using a Rubber Ball Impact Sound

When children run and jump or adults walk indoors, the impact sounds conveyed to neighbouring households have relatively high energy in low-frequency bands. The experience of and response to low-frequency floor impact sounds can differ depending on factors such as the duration of exposure, the listener’s noise sensitivity, and the level of background noise in housing complexes. In order to study responses to actual floor impact sounds, it is necessary to investigate how the response is affected by changes in the background noise and differences in the response when focusing on other tasks. In this study, the author presented subjects with a rubber ball impact sound recorded from different apartment buildings and housings and investigated the subjects’ responses to varying levels of background noise and when they were assigned tasks to change their level of attention on the presented sound. The subjects’ noise sensitivity and response to their neighbours were also compared. The results of the subjective experiment showed differences in the subjective responses depending on the level of background noise, and high intensity rubber ball impact sounds were associated with larger subjective responses. In addition, when subjects were performing a task like browsing the internet, they attended less to the rubber ball impact sound, showing a less sensitive response to the same intensity of impact sound. The responses of the group with high noise sensitivity showed an even steeper response curve with the same change in impact sound intensity. The group with less positive opinions of their neighbours showed larger changes in their subjective response, resulting in the expression of stronger opinions even to the same change in loudness of the impact sound. It was found that subjective responses were different when subjects were performing activities of daily living, such as reading or watching TV in the evening, and when they were focused on floor impact sounds in the middle of the night.

Cardboard and rubber objects as means of environmental enrichment for rabbits

Environmental enrichment improves rabbit welfare in rabbitries. Various toys for cats and dogs are commercially available, which are made of materials that could be safely used for rabbits as well. The objectives of this study were to evaluate whether cardboard and rubber materials could be used for environmental enrichment for rabbits. The study involved 42 adult New Zealand white rabbits (20 females and 22 males), randomly assigned to seven treatment groups: “C”, without object (control); “RB”, a solid rubber ball; “FT”, a fillable teether filled with hay; “CH”, a cardboard hole; “CS”, a piece of a cat scratcher; “CSC”, a piece of a cat scratcher with catnip; “CF”, an articulated cardboard fish. The behaviour of the rabbits and the percentage of destruction of the objects were recorded for 28 d. The normal behaviours of locomotion, rearing, stretching, stereotypies and sitting were not influenced by the treatments. Lying down was observed more frequently than the full stretched out position for resting. The FT-treatment group presented most behaviours of interaction (biting and sniffing) (<em>P</em>&lt;0.05) as compared to RB, CSC, and CF-treatment groups. All the objects showed some level of destruction; the mean rates of destruction for CH, CS, CSC and CF were up to 40%, whereas those for FT and RB were under 30%. Taken together, the results suggest that cardboard and rubber materials can be used as means of environmental enrichment for rabbits.

Pemanfaatan Sampah Bahan Habis Pakai Non-Medis Laboratorium Ketrampilan Klinik (SKILLS LAB) Sebagai Modifikasi Alat Peraga Sederhana Skill Mandiri

The Skills Lab is a facility where students can practice the skills they need, which is not a real context between doctor and patient. Practicum in the Clinical Skills Laboratory and OSCE uses non-infectious non-medical consumables. The stages of making modification props are carried out in several stages including: collecting and sorting non-infectious non-medical consumables. Disinfection of non-medical consumables that are non-infectious with antiseptics. The produced props include gloves used as prepuce in circumcision beads. Modified infusion plastic bottles resemble human nails we use for nail extraction skills. The IV line can be modified as a vein in the bead, this is used for the sexy vein skill in the beaded IV. Abocart needle (neddle) is used for NGT or usually called sonde for experimental animals. Rubber infusion hose is used as an LED tube rubber ball in Clinical Pathology practicum.