H5N1 planning concerns for local governments

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert O. Schneider, PhD
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Education ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Public Health Surveillance ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Influenza Pandemic ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Health Surveillance ◽  
Pandemic Preparedness ◽  
Preparedness Planning

The objectives of this essay are two-fold. First, it will review the very real threat an avian influenza pandemic poses to local communities. Second, it will identify several unaddressed but critical concerns that require the attention of local governments as they refine their pandemic preparedness planning. It is concluded that greater coordination with the private sector, improved public health surveillance efforts, planning for public education, and greater attention to ethical issues are essential concerns that should be on the agenda of local governments as they proceed with their preparations.

scholarly journals Passive Data Use for Digital Public Health Surveillance in a Post-Pandemic World (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Kilgallon ◽  
Ishaan Ashwini Tewarie ◽  
Marike L.D. Broekman ◽  
Aakanksha Rana ◽  
Timothy R. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Health Surveillance ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
User Participation ◽  
Health Surveillance ◽  
Collective Consciousness ◽  
Active User ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Passive Data ◽  
Moral Frameworks

UNSTRUCTURED There is a fundamental need to establish the most ethical and effective way of tracking disease in the post-pandemic era. The ubiquity of mobile phones generating passive data (collected without active user participation) has become a tool for tracking disease. Although discussions of pragmatism or economic issues tend to guide public health decisions, ethical issues are the foremost public concern. Thus, officials must look to history and current moral frameworks to avoid past mistakes and ethical pitfalls. Past pandemics demonstrate that the aftermath is the most effective time to make health policy decisions. However, sophisticated analyses of passive data for digital public health surveillance have yet to be attempted, and there is no consensus on the best method to do so. Therefore, four patient-reported areas of concern must be addressed: (1) informed consent (2) privacy, (3) equity, and (4) ownership. Preparations must be undertaken proactively using the lessons fresh in our collective consciousness.

Tuberculosis surveillance and its discontents: the ethical paradox

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
R. Bayer ◽  
A. L. Fairchild ◽  
M. Zignol ◽  
K. G. Castro
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Health Surveillance ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Public Health Practice ◽  
Health Surveillance ◽  
World Health ◽  
Ethical Review ◽  
Health Practice ◽  
Health Organization

In June 2017, the World Health Organization issued the Guidelines on Ethical Issues in Public Health Surveillance. Using the frame of public health ethics, the guidance declared that countries have an affirmative duty to undertake surveillance and that the global community had an obligation to support those countries whose resources limited their capacity. The centrality of TB surveillance has long been recognized as a matter of public health practice and ethics. Nevertheless, contemporary global realities make clear that TB surveillance falls far short of the goal of uniform notification. It is this reality that necessitated the paradoxical turn to research studies that require informed consent and human subjects' ethical review, the very burdens that mandated notification were designed to overcome.

Performance of public health surveillance systems during the influenza A(H1N1) pandemic in the Americas: testing a new method based on Benford's Law

2011 ◽  
Vol 139 (12) ◽  
pp. 1827-1834 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. IDROVO ◽  
J. A. FERNÁNDEZ-NIÑO ◽  
I. BOJÓRQUEZ-CHAPELA ◽  
J. MORENO-MONTOYA
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Public Health Surveillance ◽  
Influenza Pandemic ◽  
Objective Evaluation ◽  
Health Surveillance ◽  
Benford’S Law ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
Benford's Law

SUMMARYThe A(H1N1) influenza pandemic has been a challenge for public health surveillance systems in all countries. An objective evaluation has not been conducted, as yet, of the performance of those systems during the pandemic. This paper presents an algorithm based on Benford's Law and the mortality ratio in order to evaluate the quality of the data and the sensitivity of surveillance systems. It analyses records of confirmed cases reported to the Pan American Health Organization by its 35 member countries between epidemiological weeks 13 and 47 in 2009. Seventeen countries did not fulfil Benford's Law, and mortality exceeded the regional average in 40% of the countries. The results suggest uneven performance by surveillance systems in the different countries, with the most frequent problem being low diagnostic coverage. Benford's Law proved to be a useful tool for the evaluation of a public health surveillance system's performance.

scholarly journals Participatory Disease Surveillance Systems: Ethical Framework (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lester Darryl Geneviève ◽  
Andrea Martani ◽  
Tenzin Wangmo ◽  
Daniela Paolotti ◽  
Carl Koppeschaar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Research Ethics ◽  
Public Health Surveillance ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Health Surveillance ◽  
Ethical Framework ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
Participatory Surveillance

UNSTRUCTURED Advances in information technology are changing public health at an unprecedented rate. Participatory surveillance systems are contributing to public health by actively engaging digital (eg, Web-based) communities of volunteer citizens to report symptoms and other pertinent information on public health threats and also by empowering individuals to promptly respond to them. However, this digital model raises ethical issues on top of those inherent in traditional forms of public health surveillance. Research ethics are undergoing significant changes in the digital era where not only participants’ physical and psychological well-being but also the protection of their sensitive data have to be considered. In this paper, the digital platform of Influenzanet is used as a case study to illustrate those ethical challenges posed to participatory surveillance systems using digital platforms and mobile apps. These ethical challenges include the implementation of electronic consent, the protection of participants’ privacy, the promotion of justice, and the need for interdisciplinary capacity building of research ethics committees. On the basis of our analysis, we propose a framework to regulate and strengthen ethical approaches in the field of digital public health surveillance.

scholarly journals Ethical issues in public health surveillance: a systematic qualitative review

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinna Klingler ◽  
Diego Steven Silva ◽  
Christopher Schuermann ◽  
Andreas Alois Reis ◽  
Abha Saxena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Health Surveillance ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Health Surveillance ◽  
Qualitative Review

National Retail Data Monitor for Public Health Surveillance

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael M. Wagner ◽  
F-C. Tsui ◽  
J. Espino ◽  
W. Hogan ◽  
J. Hutman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Health Surveillance ◽  
Health Surveillance

Pandemic Disease, Public Health, and Ethics

2019 ◽  
pp. 796-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxwell Smith ◽  
Ross Upshur
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
Pandemic Preparedness ◽  
Scarce Resources ◽  
Ethical Frameworks ◽  
Health Measures ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
The Face ◽  
Conducting Research

Infectious disease pandemics raise significant and novel ethical challenges to the organization and practice of public health. This chapter provides an overview of the salient ethical issues involved in preparing for and responding to pandemic disease, including those arising from deploying restrictive public health measures to contain and curb the spread of disease (e.g., isolation and quarantine), setting priorities for the allocation of scarce resources, health care workers’ duty to care in the face of heightened risk of infection, conducting research during pandemics, and the global governance of preventing and responding to pandemic disease. It also outlines ethical guidance from prominent ethical frameworks that have been developed to address these ethical issues and concludes by discussing some pressing challenges that must be addressed if ethical reflection is to make a meaningful difference in pandemic preparedness and response.

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