scholarly journals International Monetary Fund Annual Report 2020

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
International Monetary Fund ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Annual Report ◽  
The World ◽  
The International Monetary Fund ◽  
The Imf

This year, as the world faced a crisis like no other, the International Monetary Fund and its member countries swung into action to save lives and put a floor under the world economy. But the outlook remains uncertain. Countries now face a “long ascent” that will be difficult, uneven, uncertain, and prone to setbacks. The IMF is working to help countries focus on "policies for people" to generate a transformational recovery through job-rich growth that benefits all.

International Monetary Fund

1952 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 644-646
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rates ◽  
International Monetary Fund ◽  
Annual Report ◽  
Fiscal Year ◽  
Executive Directors ◽  
The Past ◽  
Board Of Governors ◽  
The World ◽  
The International Monetary Fund

The Annual Report of the Executive Directors of the International Monetary Fund for the fiscal year ended April 30, 1952 was presented to the Board of Governors by its chairman (Rooth) on June 24, 1952. The report indicated that, despite a remarkable growth in production and one widespread adjustment of exchange rates over the previous seven years, international payments were still far from having attained a state of balance and exchange difficulties and restrictions existed again over large parts of the world, for countries constituting a large part of the world had followed policies aimed at achieving higher levels of consumption and investment than could be covered out of real resources available. This had resulted in a situation of inflationary pressures that in certain countries had been aggravated by rearmament programs, pressures which created excessive demands for imports and reduced the quantities of goods available for export. In this situation the use of exchange restrictions and quantitative import controls, frequently of a discriminatory nature, seemed inevitable to many countries; and during the past year there had been a tendency to extend and intensify these restrictions and controls.

Argentina's Bargaining with the IMF

1987 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 55-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kendall W. Stiles
Keyword(s):  
International Monetary Fund ◽  
Political Connections ◽  
Member States ◽  
Political Perspective ◽  
The World ◽  
The International Monetary Fund ◽  
The Imf ◽  
Adjustment Programs

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) recently published a pamphlet on the question of whether the IMF, as an institution, imposes austerity on debtors. The response focused on the second half of the question and argued that IMF adjustment programs were, in fact, not systematically austere. However, from a political perspective, the first half of the question is much more provocative. Does the IMF “impose” its will on member states, and, if so, how? Many have argued i that, by virtue of its political connections with the financial centers of the world and its intellectual sophistication, the so-called “negotiations” which debtor nations conduct with Fund staff, prior to the drafting of an agreement on lending conditions, is little more than an exercise in coercion on the part of the Fund.

scholarly journals Challenges of Introducing Islamic Banking to the Global Financial Market

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 243
Author(s):  
Tahmoures A. Afshar ◽  
Majed R. Muhtaseb
Keyword(s):  
Financial Markets ◽  
International Monetary Fund ◽  
Financial Market ◽  
Islamic Finance ◽  
Islamic Banking ◽  
Banking And Finance ◽  
The World ◽  
The International Monetary Fund ◽  
The Imf

In November 2015, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) decided to add Islamic finance to its monitoring of financial sectors around the world. The IMF traditionally has focused on conventional banking but recently it has become interested in Islamic banking and finance due to its phenomenal growth. Islamic banking assets exceed $2 trillion globally. This decision of the IMF has brought tremendous opportunity for Islamic banking constituents all over the world. However, many practitioners and supervisory authorities may not be aware of the fundamental differences between Islamic and conventional banking. This paper attempts to identify the major differences between the Conventional and Islamic Banking, and discuss the challenges of integrating Islamic banking and finance into the global financial markets.

scholarly journals Friends or foes? Brazil, the IMF and the World Bank, 1961–1967

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-32
Author(s):  
Carlo Edoardo Altamura ◽  
Claudia Kedar
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
International Monetary Fund ◽  
Military Coup ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Military ◽  
The International Monetary Fund ◽  
The Imf

Between June 1959 and March 1964, the democratic governments of Brazilian presidents Juscelino Kubitschek (January 1956 – January 1961), Janio Quadros (January–August 1961), Ranieri Mazzilli (August–September 1961) and João ‘Jango’ Goulart (September 1961 – April 1964) received no support from the World Bank (WB), which refused to fund even a single new project during this period. During this same period, and, more specifically, between July 1958 and January 1965, the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the WB's twin institution, granted financial assistance to Brazil only twice: a controversial and highly conditional Stand-By Arrangement (SBA) signed in May 1961; and a non-conditional and automatically approved Compensatory Financial Facility (CFF), granted in May 1963 to compensate Brazil for the decrease in coffee prices on the international market. This attitude towards Brazil changed significantly following the military coup of March 1964. Money flowed into the country and by 1970 Brazil had become the largest receiver of WB funds and a chronic borrower from the IMF, signing two SBAs in 1965, and one per year between 1966 and 1972. We use recently disclosed material from the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank archives to analyse the relationship of these two institutions with Brazil and to foster the debate on their political neutrality, arguing that the difference in the IMF's and especially the WB's relations with the military regime reflected, more than anything else, the existence of an ideological affinity between the parties with regards to the ‘right’ economic policy.

International Monetary Fund

1958 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-224 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Monetary Fund ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Balance Of Payments ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Underdeveloped Countries ◽  
International Bank ◽  
Board Of Governors ◽  
The World ◽  
General Aspects ◽  
The International Monetary Fund

The twelfth annual meeting of the Board of Governors of the International Monetary Fund was held jointly with the Board of Governors of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development in Washington D.C., September 23–26, 1957, under the chairmanship of Miguel Cuaderno, Sr. Per Jacobsson, Managing Director, reviewed the activities of the Fund during the previous year. Emphasizing that the Fund's assistance was of a short-term nature and designed to enable countries to adopt and carry out, within a limited period of time, programs to restore stability to their economies, Mr. Jacobsson stated that the Fund was being used to help countries meet emergency needs, ease strain in the balance of payments, meet temporary exchange difficulties, and fulfill stabilization programs. Mr. Jacobsson went on to discuss various problems encountered in connection with the Fund's activities and cited, inter alia, multiple currency practices, Fund liquidity, and, in connection with general aspects of the world economy, inflation, relative values of currencies, and financing for underdeveloped countries.

How should the international monetary fund function in the modern world?

2000 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mária Havrilová
Keyword(s):  
International Monetary Fund ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Asian Financial Crisis ◽  
Balance Of Payments ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Lender Of Last Resort ◽  
Financial Flows ◽  
Imf Programs ◽  
The International Monetary Fund ◽  
The Imf

The International Monetary Fund is a remarkable survivor. It was created to carry out specific functions in a world that has since vanished. Its role in the world economy still remains central. But in recent times, it has faced considerable criticism, both in terms of its role and its performance. We examine why IMF programs are often ineffective in achieving their goals, and whether there are any prospects for strengthening the IMF's role to become a genuine global monitor of financial flows and monetary issues. Then we examine the Fund's major role as lender of last resort to members who experience balance of payments problems. In particular, it will argue that the IMF's reliance on "conditionality" as a means of affecting change in the domestic policy of some of its members is misguided. Finally, a few suggestions on how the IMF could improve its procedures and brief evaluation of the IMF´s intervention in the Asian financial crisis.

The International Monetary Fund in the 1990s

1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Crockett
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rates ◽  
International Monetary Fund ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Economic Management ◽  
Rate System ◽  
The World ◽  
Exchange Rate System ◽  
National Economies ◽  
The International Monetary Fund ◽  
Trade And Investment

WHEN ITS ARTICLES OF AGREEMENT WERE DRAWN UP IN 1944, the International Monetary Fund was seen as having two main functions: to oversee the operation of a system of fixed, but adjustable, exchange rates; and to promote the removal of payments restrictions on international trade. Over the years since then, despite the demise of the fixed exchange rate system and a steady decline in payments restrictions, the scope of the Fund's influence has grown. Why should this be?In broad terms, the answer is to be found in the increasing integration of the world economy. As trade and investment flows have grown, so too have the concerns of the international community for good economic management in individual national economies. ‘Spill-over’ effects have grown in size and importance, and with them the need for a framework to regulate their consequences.

scholarly journals ACTIVITY OF INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTES AND THEIR PARTICIPANTS OF THEIR RELATIONS WITH UKRAINE

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Monetary Fund ◽  
Financial Market ◽  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Financial Institution ◽  
Financial System ◽  
International Financial Institutions ◽  
The World ◽  
The International Monetary Fund ◽  
The Imf

The article deals with the peculiarities of the activities of international financial institutions and their relationship with Ukraine in modern conditions. The main goals and directions of the activities of key international financial institutions, such as the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, are specified. It is noted that in the context of globalization their role and significance grows, because they are supranational regulators that affect financial security of both the individual countries of the world and security of the world financial market as a whole. The main reasons for the emergence of international financial institutions and the basic goals of their activities are systematized. The International Monetary Fund is the main international financial institution, which is the institutional basis of the world monetary and financial system. The IMF assesses the sufficiency of the global financial protection system, provides economic supervision and control over the safe operation of the global monetary and financial system, and should respond to emerging problems and imbalances in a timely manner, providing the necessary funding and technical assistance to countries under the approved arrangements. The analysis of the statistics on loans provided by the IMF within various lending mechanisms, the analysis of the state of the world 's debts to the IMF in the context of its privileged and non – beneficial loans, the peculiarities of the IBRD' s relations with the member countries are analyzed and there are identified current trends in this direction. The key problems and challenges in the work of international financial institutions are formulated and prospective ways of their development are defined, the use of which will promote both optimization of their activities and strengthening the security of the world financial market.

Economic Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic: Who are the Big Sufferers?

2020 ◽  
pp. 320-326
Keyword(s):  
Informal Economy ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Informal Workers ◽  
Indian Economy ◽  
The World ◽  
Daily Wage ◽  
Liberalisation Policy ◽  
The International Monetary Fund

The COVID-19 pandemic identified in Wuhan, China in December 2019, has spread almost to all the countries of the world. The mitigation measures imposed by most of the nations to prevent the spread of COVID-19 have badly hit the global economic activities. As per the latest estimates, the world economy is predicted to decline by 5.2 percent, and world trade is expected to drop by 13-32 percent in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In this way it has created havoc in the world economy and the Indian economy is no exception. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) has estimated the Indian GDP growth at 1.9 percent and showed the worst growth performance of India after the liberalisation policy of 1991. According to the World Bank, the Indian economy will contract by 3.2 percent in 2020-21. Daily wage labourers and other informal workers, particularly migrant labourers of economically poor states were the worst hit during the lockdown period and will continue to be adversely affected even after the lockdown was relaxed. The paper suggested multiple measures to support the Indian economic and financial support to all the families of the informal economy workers to tide over this crisis.

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