scholarly journals The preventive character of Disaster Law: tax incentives in environmental, social and governance (ESG) investments as a risk mitigation mechanism

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Dela Coleta Eisaqui ◽  
Deilton Ribeiro Brasil
Keyword(s):  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Tax Incentives

Evaluating the cost and benefits of earthquake protection of buildings

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benedetto Manganelli ◽  
Marco Vona ◽  
Pierfrancesco De Paola
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Seismic Risk ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Tax Incentives ◽  
Seismic Retrofitting ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Seismic Risk Mitigation ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Earthquake Protection ◽  
Real Estate Assets

Purpose The purpose of this study is the evaluation of the cost and benefits of earthquake protection of buildings to verify whether the legislative push, through tax incentives, will produce results and lead to a redevelopment of private real estate assets. Design/methodology/approach Through contingent valuation, this research aims to measure the propensity of homeowners to invest in the seismic security of their properties. The sample of homeowners was selected in a southern Italy city, which was characterized by a medium-high seismic hazard. The willingness to pay, once made independent from the family income, was compared with the actual cost of a seismic retrofitting technique to assess its cost-effectiveness. Findings The analysis developed on an example case shows that the economic sustainability of the intervention is only verified when considering the current tax incentives for this type of intervention. Practical implications Choosing to introduce a system to compulsory insurance against seismic risk could certainly be a strong incentive for the implementation of retrofitting interventions on private real estate assets. In this direction, investigations like this can be fundamental to establish the fair risk premium. Originality/value The need for effective seismic risk mitigation policies is also based on the growing awareness of the, often fatal, effects of seismic events, emphasized by the recent medium and high intensity events that hit Italy. The issue of the security of residential buildings is therefore a very topical issue in view of their high seismic vulnerability and the vast number of buildings requiring major seismic retrofitting. Therefore, the propensity of owners to intervene in improving the seismic performance of their properties can be crucial in seismic risk mitigation.

Tax competition and the activity of the regional tax policy

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-27
Author(s):  
S. M. Drobyshevsky ◽  
N. S. Kostrykina ◽  
A. V. Korytin
Keyword(s):  
Tax Competition ◽  
Tax Policy ◽  
Fiscal Federalism ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Tax Incentives ◽  
Fiscal Autonomy ◽  
Tax Legislation ◽  
Tax Exemptions ◽  
Open Question ◽  
Regional Budgets

The problem of efficiency of regional tax expenditures is an actual issue of the fiscal policy and fiscal federalism in Russia. A large fiscal autonomy allows federal subjects to realize a more active tax policy to attract new investments. One cannot claim current fiscal powers of the Russian regions to be wide. However, not all the regions use even existing tax policy instruments. Moreover, out of the regions that use them only few provide incentives to stimulate investment decisions. Others use regional tax measures to support businesses that already have strong positions in the region. And it is an open question whether such tax incentives are efficient. On the other hand, an aggressive tax competition for investors can also be wasteful for regional budgets. In this paper, we calculate indicators that characterize the depth and scope of tax exemptions provided at the regional level. The calculations are based on the open tax statistics. Through the analysis of the tax legislation as well as the economic structure of selected regions, we reveal the inducements of their higher activity: federal regional tax policy, tax competition or benefits for budget-forming companies of the region.

Risk Management on Information Security in ABC Company

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-66
Author(s):  
Luyen Ha Nam
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Information Security ◽  
Data Management ◽  
Management System ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Data Management System ◽  
Data Centre ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Mitigation Action ◽  
Better Than

From long, long time ago until nowadays information still takes a serious position for all aspect of life, fromindividual to organization. In ABC company information is somewhat very sensitive, very important. But how wekeep our information safe, well we have many ways to do that: in hard drive, removable disc etc. with otherorganizations they even have data centre to save their information. The objective of information security is to keep information safe from unwanted access. We applied Risk Mitigation Action framework on our data management system and after several months we have a result far better than before we use it: information more secure, quickly detect incidents, improve internal and external collaboration etc.

Issues on Interbank Commodity Murabaha (CM) for Liquidity Management in Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Mohamad Zabidi Bin Ahmad ◽  
Rosylin Mohd. Yusof ◽  
Ahmad Rizal Mazlan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Islamic Banks ◽  
Liquidity Management ◽  
Standard Guideline ◽  
Growth Area ◽  
Islamic Financial Institutions ◽  
Enhance Efficiency ◽  
Analyze Structure ◽  
Operational Issues

Purpose: The objective of this research is to highlight issues and review the Interbank Commodity Murabahah (CM) practice as a tool of liquidity requirement from both the Shariah and industry’s operational perspectives. Accordingly, this study seeks to analyze structure and mechanism of CM as instrument to meet the liquidity need of the Islamic financial institutions and provides an opportunity for investments. In doing so, the paper seeks to review issues related to Shariah and operations in Islamic banking. Design/methodology/approach: By conducting interview with Treasurers, Shariah Scholars and funding dealers of Islamic banks in Malaysia, the study evaluates reassessment on CM practices and operational issues in relation risk and compliance. The study focuses on Islamic Treasury Division of Islamic banks in Malaysia. Findings: The findings of the study suggest that the two most significant issues in Islamic liquidity management of Islamic banks in Malaysia are i) resembling interest ii) nature of tradability iii) structure of CM iv) the timing the transaction to be completed and v) the real brokerage cost involved in adopting the CM transactions. Research limitations/implications: The research proposes a risk mitigation and enhanced Shariah compliance framework such as strait through processing (STP) and commodity broker’s standard guideline for Islamic banks to adopt CM practices. Practical implications: This study provides direction and guidance to the Islamic Commercial Banks, Commodity Brokers and regulator (BNM) involved in the banking system to reflect upon the importance to understand the issues and limitation of CM. By highlighting the importance of efficiency in terms of time and cost saving together with Shariah issues, Islamic banks can design policies to enhance efficiency in order to either decide to maintain the adoption of CMP or to consider the proposed alternative. Social implications:Understanding the Shariah compliance and operational issues will enhance the integrity of Islamic banks which is consistent with Key Economic Growth Area of making Malaysia as International Islamic Financial Hub 2.0.

Assessment of sensitivity of the efficiency of regional tax spending towards investment attractiveness of the types of economic activity carried out by the residents of advanced development territory

2020 ◽  
pp. 98-110
Author(s):  
Evgeniya Mikhailovna Popova ◽  
Guzel Mukhtarovna Guseinova ◽  
Sergei Borisovich Milov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Tax Incentives ◽  
Capital Investments ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Investment Process ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Advanced Development

The deficit of subnational budgets and deceleration capital investments in multiple Russian regions increase the relevance of research aimed at improvement of tax incentivizing practice of the regional investment process. The studies focused on determination of the impact of socioeconomic and institutional factors upon the efficiency of investment tax expenses obtained wide circulation within the foreign scientific literature. The subject of this article is the assessment of sensitivity of the efficiency of regional tax expanses towards investment attractiveness of the types of economic activity carried out by the residents of territories of advanced socioeconomic development, created in the subjects of Far Easter Federal District. The scientific novelty and practical values of this research consists in substantiation of the reasonableness of assessment of investment attractiveness of the types of economic activity that are stimulated by tax incentives. Methodology for assessing investment attractiveness is proposed and tested. The conclusion is made that in case of low investment attractiveness of the type of economic activity, which was planned to support by tax incentives, it is required to conduct and additional analysis to avoid unjustified tax expanses.

Tax incentives of China’s investments in Zabaykalsky Krai: implementation of behavioral economic models

2020 ◽  
pp. 69-84
Author(s):  
Evgeniya Mikhailovna Popova ◽  
Irina Vitalevna Mezentseva
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Economics ◽  
Tax Incentives ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Investment Climate ◽  
Investment Activity ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
Tax Incentive ◽  
Regional Budget ◽  
Subjective Aspect ◽  
Investment Process

Currently, the Russian regions apply a vast array of tools for regulating the investment process, including tax incentives. Active use of tax preferences is dictated by the fact that in the conditions of regional budget deficit, tax incentives, unlike subsidies, do not require direct budget expenditures for stimulating investment activity. However, the world experience demonstrates that tax incentives do not fall under the group of factors that strongly affect investment decisions. For determining the degree of preference of tax incentives in relation to other measures of regional support, a survey was carried among Chinese investors, who implement investment projects on the territory of Zabaykalsky Krai. The survey was based on a method of hierarchical analysis based on the special matrices by filed in by the investors. The acquired results displayed that out of ten measures of state support, tax incentives hold the eighth place. The calculated coefficient of the significance of tax incentives testifies to the low attractiveness of fiscal stimuli for the Chinese investors. The authora attempted to find the reasons for tax incentive not being in demand. The scientific novelty of this work consists in conducting the analysis of regional legislation that regulates the order of granting investment tax incentives based on the concept of behavioral economics. In the course of application of the provisions of behavioral economics, emphasis was made on the subjective aspect of the mechanism of preferential taxation. The reasonableness of considering such peculiarities of human mind as cognitive inertia and relativity is substantiated with regards to arranging the structure of tax incentives that would allow increasing the importance of tax incentives in formation of investment climate on the territory of Zabaykalsky Krai. The authors make recommendations on increasing the attractiveness of tax incentives among Chinese investors based on the concept of reference point and the effect of loss aversion.

Summary of Shuttle-MIR risk mitigation experiments contamination/optical observations

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Alred ◽  
James Visentine ◽  
Keith Albyn
Keyword(s):  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Optical Observations
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