Ways to optimize the speech activity of future civil servants in a higher education institution

The article is dedicated to the current problem connected with the improvement of Ukrainian language proficiency level of the specialists in the field of public administration. The author aims to outline and scientifically substantiate some ways to optimize the speech activity of future civil servants within the environment of a higher education institution. The author outlines the main ways of this process: to increase the requirements to the volume, content and structure of textbooks and manuals; to deepen connections of the Ukrainian language course with such disciplines as Rhetoric, Psychology and Ethics; to increase the volume of communicative tasks on professional topics; to rationalize the usage of e-learning platforms to meet the professional and communicative needs of the students. The article states that the teacher considers language as a means of linguistic and cultural identity tool as well as an instrument of the socio-political interaction in society. The interaction between students and teachers is the main requirement to all types of speech activity (listening, reading, speaking and writing) to be efficient. The analysis of linguodidactic, psychological, pedagogical and linguistic sources carried out by the author provided the theoretical basis of the research. In particular, the definitions of the terms «speech activity», «types of speech activity» have been given. The article also names the guiding principles that should be followed in the process of learning the Ukrainian language. A set of the prime methods of teaching the Ukrainian language to future civil servants in a higher education institution was selected according to a number of the outlined criteria. The author emphasizes the subjective aspect in the teacher's creative activity − the ability to choose and combine the best methods and techniques while teaching. A special place in the publication is given to the description of the structure and content of the educational and methodological complex of the discipline «Ukrainian (for Professional Purposes)» for bachelor-course students specialized in 281 «Public Management and Administration». The methods and techniques that have proven their effectiveness in the process of testing are listed. The obtained results prove the achievement of the research goal and allow us to outline its prospects.

OBSERVING PEOPLE'S REACTIONS AND RESPONSES TO URBAN ROAD TRAFFIC NOISE (RTN) IN JORDAN

The subjective aspect of assessing Road Traffic Noise (RTN) in urban agglomerations is crucial, as it takes into consideration the sensitivity and specific reactions of residents to Road Traffic noise (RTN) in their living environments. This paper aims to present a detailed sociological study initiated to measure the level of public awareness regarding RTN and estimate the impact of RTN disturbance on RTN disturbance their daily activities. For this purpose, an attitudinal survey was conducted using a predesigned questionnaire with limited noise measurements. The questioners were distributed to the neighboring residents of one of the most congested arterial roads in Amman, Jordan’s capital. The questioner firstly focused on evaluating the awareness of respondents of the problem magnitude and its environmental and health impacts, and secondly, assessing the effects of RTN as perceived by the respondents on different daily activities. The analysis of the collected data found that around 50% of respondents believe that RTN impacts the environment, and 60% believe that RTN affects human health, while 38% consider changing their place of residence and moving to a quieter place. The main results of the study showed that RTN causes annoyance to people while performing their daily activities, especially while studying and resting. Further main reported impacts included causing fatigue (64%), anxiety (75%), nervousness (87%), focus reduction (89%), and discomfort (90%).

Measuring of Subjective and Objective Aesthetics in Planning and Urban Design

The article includes the concept of aesthetics through what has been dealt with in the literature by philosophers and researchers who have addressed this concept in an attempt to derive indicators of aesthetics. The article adopted a descriptive and analytical methodology by reviewing recent literature on the concept of aesthetics and its relation to urban planning and design issues. Many subjective and objective aesthetics indicators have been identified, some of which are classified under real aesthetics, and some under fake aesthetics. The indicators were applied to the Kufa Mosque complex and Sahla Mosque complex as a comparative case study. It was found that the indicators of real aesthetics have a higher weight in determining the final aesthetic judgment on the complex form versus the fake indicators, which in turn reinforced the weighting of the subjective aspect over the objective. This was consistent with the answer to the question directed to the sample about which complexes are more aesthetic. The answer was that the Kufa Mosque complex is most aesthetically. This was proven by the questions directed in the questionnaire, which outweighed the real aesthetic indicators for the Kufa Mosque complex. As for the results of analyzing the indicators of fake aesthetic were equal, as each complex achieved higher values in three indicators. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091743 Full Text: PDF

Investigative errors related to improper application of criminal law

Investigative errors are a fairly broad concept. These include violations of forensic during the investigation, violations of the law on criminal procedure, and violations of the criminal law. It should be noted that most of the mistakes made in the investigation of crimes are also related to the incorrect application of criminal law. Thus, the investigation of crimes depends on the nature of the act. The investigation is unique because each crime has its own characteristics. Therefore, the current issue is quite relevant. Improper application of criminal law will result in both judicial and criminal procedural errors in the conduct of that investigation. Key words: investigation of crimes, criminal law, object, objective aspect, subject, subjective aspect

A Comparative Observation: “Kanun” as a Legal and Ethical-Religious System and Today’s Legislation

How do the characteristic norms of civil, criminal and family law combine with the ethical-moral and religious norms of the Kanun of Lekë Dukagjini. The subjective aspect which makes them binding and the differentiation with customs based on today’s juridical doctrine. Why did the Kanun’s norms make up the legal system of the period? The origin of sanctions and how they started to be incorporated into the customary law of Northern Albania. The role of the Catholic Church on the canonical norms and their application by using instruments which were provided by customary law. Received: 5 February 2021 / Accepted: 10 April 2021 / Published: 17 May 2021

Raz jeszcze o odpowiedzialności za przywłaszczenie przedmiotu wchodzącego do majątku wspólnego małżonków

The legal assessment of misappropriation of property belonging to community property by one of the spouses constitutes a heavily contested issue in criminal law. The article analyzes a well-established opinion, according to which such property can be the object of the crime of misappropriation, and which cites the rules of the civil law. The article focuses on the issue of the possibility of assuming in such cases an attack on property, i.e. a violation of the object of the offence, discussed from the perspective of family law, which allows spouses to dispose of such property without the permission of the other spouse, on the basis of the rule of independent property management. Moreover, the author verifies the prerequisite for the seizure of third-party property, given that the property in question belongs also to the defendant, in accordance with the rules of community property. In addition to that, the author discusses the issue of meeting the prerequisites for the subjective aspect and the rule for evaluating the damage inflicted by the offence. The latter issue has been identified as particularly controversial, given that determining the scope of the possible restitution claims according to the value of property which constitutes the object of the offence in a situation where the property belongs also to the defendant is contrary to the intuition of criminal law scholars.

The Global Horizon

Although contemporary migration in and from Africa can be understood as a continuation of earlier forms of interregional and international migration, current processes of migration seem to have taken on a new quality. This volume argues that one of the main reasons for this is the fact that local worlds are increasingly measured against a set of possibilities whose referents are global, not local. Due to this globalization of the personal and societal horizons of possibilities in Africa and elsewhere, in many contexts migration gains an almost inevitable attraction while, at the same time, actual migration becomes increasingly restricted. Based on detailed ethnographic accounts, the contributors to this volume focus on the imaginations, expectations, and motivations that propel the pursuit of migration. Decentring the focus of much of migration studies on the ‘receiving societies', the volume foregrounds the subjective aspect of migration and explores the impact which the imagination and practice of migration have on the sociocultural conditions of the various local settings concerned.

Signs Of The Subjective Side Torture Of The Individual

The article discusses the required and necessary elements of a crime, subjective symptoms mentioned in criminal legal norms, independent elements of torture, to be separate study, highlights the subjective aspect of torture, the behavior of persons, including illegal, its external (physical) and internal (mental) side, the processes in the psyche of the perpetrator, the act or omission, committed socially dangerous acts intentionally or negligently, the circumstances of guilt as mental attitudes, analyzes the circumstances of mental attitude as consisting of 1) smart time 2) the date of the will, 3) emotional, the differentiation of the two forms of guilt – deliberate and careless, differentiation of types of retaliation in volitional element, optional (proper retribution) or conscious conceded (twisted retribution), the motives and goals of torture, personal animosity.

Hanss Magnuss Encensbergers – literāro vinješu meistars

The article “Hans Magnus Enzensberger – Master of Literary Vignettes” is dedicated to the latest book of the outstanding German poet and publicist “Masters of Survival: 99 Literary Vignettes of the 20th Century”, published on the occasion of the author’s 90th anniversary. It presents 99 literary portraits in the characteristic style of Enzensberger – from critical attitude to admirable praise. The article first describes the vignette as a special genre of literature (miniature literature), its meaning, and history. Several examples from the history of German and Austrian literature are mentioned: Stefan Zweig, Robert Walser, Franz Kafka, Robert Musil. All objects in Enzensberger’s literary vignettes are “masters of survival” – they are writers and poets between the First and Second World Wars. The article qualifies the critical performance of Marko Martin, Helmut Böttiger, Christian Metz, and Alexander Cammann in evaluating Enzensberger’s work. The style of Enzensberger is also characterised. It surprises the reader by bringing the personal, subjective aspect closer to various intimate facts from the lives of writers and poets. The most significant attention is paid to the representatives of German literature – Gottfried Benn, Gerhart Hauptmann, Johannes R. Becher, and others.

PERBEDAAN ANTARA PENDEKATAN HEDONIS DAN EUDAIMONIS ATAS QUALITY OF LIFE: KAJIAN FILOSOFIS

This study analyzes the differences between the hedonic and eudaimonic approach on quality oflife that his subjective aspect manifested itself in happiness and good well-being evaluated fromthe perspective of philosophy. Tradition of hedonic approach on quality of life as happiness andwell-being can be referred to philosophers like Aristippos, Epicuros, Locke, Hobbes, andBentham. Hedonist philosopher who has perspective generally understand happiness and wellbeing as positive emotional statement that follows satisfaction. Then experience a sense of funand enjoyment is seen as happiness/well being. Eudaimonic approach, which is rooted in theconcept of eudaimonia (happiness) of Aristotle, was found to live a life of contemplation andvirtue in line with the true nature of a person. This approach emphasizes the primacy of justice,hospitality, courage, and recommends that developing one's potential to achieve meaningfulobjectives for yourself and others is a sign of good living. By the method of library research andthe analytic theory, the author underline that the first, eudaimonic and hedonic approach onhappiness and well-being in psychology today has a close relationship with the philosophicalconcept of the hedonia and eudaimonia. Secondly, there is a difference between hedonia andeudaimonia, although there is also a link between the two. Thirdly, though there are differencesbetween the hedonic and eudaimonic approach, but both approaches are an importantdimension to understanding happiness and well-being in a comprehensive manner.