scholarly journals Provision of combined antiretroviral therapy in HIV-positive pregnant women and the increased risk of apoptosis-related intra-uterine growth restriction

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Artana Putra IW ◽  
Ketut Suwiyoga
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Combined Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Uterine Growth ◽  
Intra Uterine Growth Restriction

scholarly journals Maternal socio-demographic determinants and fetal outcome of intrauterine growth restriction

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 3843
Author(s):  
Arpita Singh ◽  
Ambujam K.
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Maternal Risk ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Uterine Growth ◽  
Intra Uterine Growth Restriction

Background: Intrauterine Growth Restriction is a major neonatal health issue. It is associated with increased risk of perinatal morbidity and mortality. Maternal factors are the major contributing factors of IUGR and studying these factors can help in preventing IUGR and reducing perinatal mortality. The objective is to study the maternal sociodemographic risk factors associated with Intra uterine growth restriction.Methods: This is a Case-control study conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, GMC Thrissur. 115 cases of Intra Uterine Growth Restriction were compared to 115 controls. Data was collected by interviewing the mother using structured questionnaire which is pretested and by persual of antenatal records. Intra Uterine Growth Restriction is defined as occurring if the sonographic estimated fetal weight <10th percentile for that gestational age. Chi Square test was used for the analysis of data.Results: Low socio-economic status and malnutrition (BMI<18.5) were significant socio-demographic factors associated with fetal growth restriction. Mean birth weight in IUGR group was 1.8kg compared to 2.9kg in control group. Female fetuses were more commonly associated with IUGR. Intra Uterine Growth Restricted babies had lower Apgar scores (<7) and had more chances for NICU admission.Conclusions: By studying the maternal risk factors associated with Intra Uterine Growth Restriction, we could identify the high-risk group. Early predictive studies could be done in these high-risk pregnancies with focus on good antenatal care to reduce the problem of IUGR in the community.

scholarly journals Management of Hypertension in Elderly Pregnant Women with IVF Conception: A Case Report

2021 ◽  
pp. 113-118
Author(s):  
Aparna M. Kawale ◽  
Manoj Patil
Keyword(s):  
Antihypertensive Drugs ◽  
Gestational Hypertension ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Fluid Replacement ◽  
Obstetric History ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Uterine Growth ◽  
History Of ◽  
Intra Uterine Growth Restriction

Introduction: Hypertensive complications associated with pregnancy are the primary cause of maternal and fetal morbidity. Early development of cardiovascular disease is also anticipated relatively early after pregnancy is terminated. Over the past 20 years, infertility treatments have steadily increased and proven effective in achieving significant successful conception rates and live birth rates, even among women younger than 35 years of age. Symptoms and important clinical findings: A 45 year sold female was admitted in AVBRH on date 22/01/2021 with chief complaint of breathing difficulty (elderly G5P1D1A3 with 28 weeks of gestational age)having history of previous LSCS with IVF conception with gestational hypertension. Obstetric history: Patient had bad obstetric history of three abortionsand one still-birth. In 2017 she had got the menopause. After menopause she took the treatment in AVBRH Sawangi (M) Wardha and got the regular menses.After regular menses, shereceived IVF cycle and she was conceived in 2nd IVF cycle. The main diagnoses, therapeutic interventions, and outcomes: After physical examination and investigations, this case was diagnosed having 28 weeks of gestation with hypertension. Patient had previous history of LSCS.Patient was treated with antihypertensive drugs to reduce the symptoms of eclampsia. Alsoshe was provided calcium supplement and iron supplement. Present case was stable but ultrasonography revealedsign of stage I- intra uterine growth restriction. Nursing perspectives: Fluid replacement i.e. DNS and RL, monitoring offetal heart rate and vital signs per hourly. Conclusion: Conception with in vitro fertilization have increased risk of gestational hypertension as well as fetal complications like intra uterine growth restriction. But timely treatment and management improves the outcome of pregnancy.

Intra-uterine growth restriction and increased risk of hypertension in adult life: A follow-up study of 50-year-olds

Public Health ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 126 (7) ◽  
pp. 561-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Spence ◽  
M.C. Stewart ◽  
F.A. Alderdice ◽  
C.C. Patterson ◽  
H.L. Halliday
Keyword(s):  
Adult Life ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Uterine Growth ◽  
Intra Uterine Growth Restriction

Pathological features of the sequence in pregnant women with delayed fetal growth

2019 ◽  
pp. 50-54
Author(s):  
V.O. Golyanovskiy ◽  
◽  
Ye.O. Didyk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
Intrauterine Infection ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Infection And Inflammation

Pregnant women with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) have an increased risk of adverse perinatal and long-term complications compared with the birth of children with normal body weight. Thus, IUGR is one of the main challenges for the global health system, especially in poor and developing countries. Morpho-functional studies of the placentas help in determining the causes of IUGR, and therefore, timely prevent complications in pregnant women with IUGR. The objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate various morphometric and pathomorphological changes in the placenta, including inflammatory, in cases of IUGR, and to establish a correlation of these results with the etiology and complications for the fetus. Materials and methods. In the current study, 54 placentas of the fetuses with IUGR (the main group) were compared with 50 placentas of the fetuses with normal development (control group). The criteria for the inclusion of IUGR were gestational age more than 30 weeks and all fetuses with a weight less than 10th percentile for this period of pregnancy. The placenta material was studied pathomorphologically with laboratory screening for infection and inflammation. Similarly, the results were determined for placentas of the fetuses with normal development compared to placentas with IUGR. Results. The placenta study showed the presence of calcification in the case of IUGR, as well as in the case of prolonged pregnancy. However, calcification of the placenta in the case of IUGR was more progressive compared with placenta in the normal pregnancy. In addition, the presence of intrauterine infection and inflammation was observed, which could also lead to an adverse outcome for the further progression of pregnancy with IUGR. Conclusion. A comparative macro- and microscopic pathomorphological study of the placentas in the two groups has shown a significant increase in the pathological changes in all the anatomical structures of the fetuses with IUGR. Key words: Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), fetal weight, pathomorphological changes of the placenta.

scholarly journals ACE2, TMPRSS2 and L-SIGN expression in placentae from HIV-positive pregnancies exposed to antiretroviral therapy–implications for SARS-CoV-2 placental infection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Smriti Kala ◽  
Ksenia Meteleva ◽  
Lena Serghides
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Viral Entry ◽  
Cell Entry ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Black Race ◽  
Entry Receptor ◽  
Lower Expression ◽  
Human Placentae

Abstract Background SARS-CoV-2 binding receptor ACE2 and the spike protein priming protease TMPRSS2 are co-expressed in human placentae. It is unknown whether their expression is altered in the context of HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy (ART). Methods We compared mRNA levels of SARS-CoV-2 cell-entry mediators ACE2, TMPRSS2 and L-SIGN (an alternative entry receptor) by qPCR in 105 placentae: 45 from pregnant women with HIV (WHIV) exposed to protease inhibitor (PI)-based ART, 17 from WHIV on non-PI-based ART, and 43 from HIV-uninfected women. Results ACE2 levels were lower, while L-SIGN levels were higher in placentae from WHIV on PI-based ART as compared to those on non-PI-based ART and to HIV-uninfected women. TMPRSS2 levels were similar between groups. Black race was significantly associated with lower expression of ACE2 and higher expression of L-SIGN. ACE2 levels were significantly higher in placentae of female fetuses. Discussion We have identified pregnant women of Black race and WHIV who are on PI-based ART to have relatively lower expression of placental ACE2 than those of White race and HIV-uninfected women. This effect may potentially contribute to altered susceptibility to COVID-19 in these women, either favorably; by reduced viral entry, or detrimentally; by loss of ACE2 protection against hyperinflammation.

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