The relative age effect in Brazilian elite soccer depending on age category, playing position, and competitive level

AbstractThe relative age effect (RAE), within the sporting scope, refers to the possible advantages of participation and performance of athletes born in the first months of the year of selection in relation to others within the same age category. The aim of the present study was to investigate the RAE in girls’ volleyball players participating in the U-18 World Championship, analysing the differences between the medal teams and other teams in the tournament, and considering this phenomenon in relation to the continents. Data collection was obtained from the website of the International Volleyball Federation with a sample made of 1654 youth players in the last six world championships (2007, 2009, 2011, 2013, 2015 and 2017). A greater representation of athletes born in the first months of the year of all the world championships was observed. In the comparison among the continents, it was observed that in Africa, there was a more equal distribution of quartiles compared to America, Asia and Europe. It should be noted that there was a higher percentage of medalist athletes born at the beginning of the year in comparison to the countries that placed in the last three positions of the championship. Therefore, in U-18 female volleyball, there is an advantage to have the closest birth age at the beginning of the competitive biennium.

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Efeito da idade relativa no Campeonato Brasileiro de Basquete: Categoria sub-15

Brazilian Journal of Kinanthropometry and Human Performance ◽

10.5007/1980-0037.2017v19n5p526 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 19 (5) ◽

pp. 526

Author(s):

Helder Zimmermann de Oliveira ◽

Dilson Borges Ribeiro Junior ◽

Jeferson Macedo Vianna ◽

Francisco Zacaron Werneck

Keyword(s):

Age Effect ◽

Geographic Region ◽

Basketball Players ◽

Male Athletes ◽

Relative Age ◽

Relative Age Effect ◽

And Performance ◽

Age Category

In sport, the relative age effect (RAE) refers to the advantages of participation and performance that athletes born in the first months of the selection year have in relation to those within the same age category. The aim of the present study was to investigate the RAE in athletes of the Brazilian Basketball Championship of the U-15 category in 2015, analyzing differences between sexes, geographic region, competitive level and performance of teams. The information of teams and the birth quarter (quartile) of 530 basketball players were obtained through the website of the Brazilian Basketball Confederation. The results showed greater representation of male athletes born in the first months of the year, the first and second divisions, of the Southeastern, Northern and Mid-Western regions and in female medalists. It was concluded that the RAE is present in Brazilian U-15 male basketball players, being higher in athletes of higher competitive level, particularly in the Southeastern, Northern and Mid-Western regions of Brazil. In addition, RAE proved to be associated with the winning of women’s medals.

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The Relative Age Effect On The Selection In The Slovakia National Football Teams

Acta Facultatis Educationis Physicae Universitatis Comenianae ◽

10.1515/afepuc-2015-0013 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 55 (2) ◽

pp. 122-131 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Martin Mikulič ◽

Pavol Gregora ◽

Ľuboš Benkovský ◽

Pavol Peráček

Keyword(s):

Statistical Significance ◽

Significance Test ◽

Age Effect ◽

Football Players ◽

National Team ◽

Relative Age ◽

Relative Age Effect ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Age Category ◽

Selection Of

SummaryThe focus of this research was to determine the relative age effect (RAE) on selection in the Slovakia national football teams. A factor that may have a significant impact on the quality of players chosen for the national teams or may result in a poor selection of players for the elite teams. Anthropometric and cognitive acceleration of players born in the first months of the calendar year concerning the overall context of the competition for placement in the national teams may be considered as a significant advantage. The aim of this research was to examine, determine and verify the presence of relative age effect in the selection of football players for the Slovakia national teams starting with the under 16 age category (U-16) through to the A - senior national football team. We presumed that the elite teams under this review and study consisted predominantly of players born in the first quarter of the calendar year, while also presuming that relative age effect receded with the increasing age category. Our survey sample U16 consisted of 79 players, U17 consisted of 47 players, U18 consisted of 58 players, U19 consisted of 71 players, U21 consisted of 52 players and A - senior national team consisted of 302 Slovakia national football players. The information obtained from the Slovak Football Association has been processed by the application of statistical methods and statistical significance test (T-test). Our research confirmed the presence of relative age effect in the U-16, U-17 and U-18 teams under our investigation (p≤0.01). In the U19 and U21 age categories, statistical significance has not been confirmed. As for the senior national team, statistically significant difference has been found in relation to players born in the last quarter of the year as opposed to players born in the first three months of the year (p≤0.01). Our results have shown that with the increasing age, the relative age effect fades and vanishes in full in the category of senior elite players. In the U-19 and U-21 age categories, statistical significance has not been confirmed. Based on this research results it may be recommended to use the advantage of relative age effect for the selection of players of the particular age category in the particular competition (such as e.g. the European Championship qualification, the European Championship final tournament qualification, or the World Cup qualification in the U-16, U-17, U-18 age categories).

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Relative Age effect of Dance : Focused on college Dance major

Korean Journal of Sports Science ◽

10.35159/kjss.2019.02.28.1.995 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

pp. 995-1004

Author(s):

Hye-Ryeon Kim ◽

Ji-Yong Lee

Keyword(s):

Age Effect ◽

Relative Age ◽

Relative Age Effect

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Born Leaders: The Relative-Age Effect and Managerial Success

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.1154728 ◽

2008 ◽

Author(s):

Qianqian Du ◽

Huasheng Gao ◽

Maurice D. Levi

Keyword(s):

Age Effect ◽

Relative Age ◽

Managerial Success ◽

Relative Age Effect

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Differences on Motor Competence in 4-Year-Old Boys and Girls Regarding the Quarter of Birth: Is There a Relative Age Effect?

Children ◽

10.3390/children8020141 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 141

Author(s):

Rubén Navarro-Patón ◽

Víctor Arufe-Giráldez ◽

Alberto Sanmiguel-Rodríguez ◽

Marcos Mecías-Calvo

Keyword(s):

Age Effect ◽

Manual Dexterity ◽

Motor Competence ◽

Relative Age ◽

Relative Age Effect ◽

Two Factors ◽

Movement Assessment ◽

Gender Factor ◽

Main Effects ◽

Total Test

The aim of this study was to evaluate the differences on motor competence between boys and girls aged 4 years old and investigate the existence of Relative Age Effect on their motor competence. In total, 132 preschool children were evaluated, of whom 60 (45.50%) were girls and 72 (54.5%) were boys. The distribution of the participants was from quarter 1 [n = 28 (21.2%)], quarter 2 [n = 52 (39.4%)], quarter 3 [n = 24 (18.2%)], and quarter 4 [(n = 28 (21.2%)], respectively. The Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 (MABC-2) was used to collect the data. The data show the main effects on quarter of birth factor in manual dexterity (MD; p < 0.001), in aiming and catching (A&C; p < 0.001), in balance (Bal; p < 0.001) and in total test score (TTS; p < 0.001). There are also statistical differences on gender factor in MD (p < 0.001) and in TTS (p = 0.031). A significant effect was also found in the interaction between two factors (gender and quarter of birth) in MD (p < 0.001), A&C (p < 0.001), and Bal (p < 0.001). There are differences in all the variables studied according to the quarter of birth and only in manual dexterity and in the total score if compared according to gender (the scores are higher in girls).

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Relative Age Effect on Motor Competence in Children Aged 4–5 Years

Children ◽

10.3390/children8020115 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 115

Author(s):

Rubén Navarro-Patón ◽

Marcos Mecías-Calvo ◽

José Eugenio Rodríguez Fernández ◽

Víctor Arufe-Giráldez

Keyword(s):

Preschool Children ◽

Test Score ◽

Age Effect ◽

Manual Dexterity ◽

Motor Competence ◽

Relative Age ◽

Relative Age Effect ◽

Movement Assessment ◽

Total Test ◽

Total Test Score

The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether a Relative Age Effect (RAE) exists in motor competence of preschool children. The hypothesis was that motor competence, assessed by the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 (MABC-2), would be higher in preschool children born in the first quarter of the year compared to those who were born in the last quarter of the same year. A total of 360 preschool children were evaluated of whom 208 (57.8%) were boys and 152 (42.8%) were girls, with a mean age of 4.52 years old (± 0.50). The distribution of the participants was 172 children aged 4 years old and 188 aged 5 years old. The data showed a main effect on the age factor in the total score of aiming and catching (p < 0.001) and in the total test score (p < 0.001), in the quarter of birth factor in all the dimensions studied (i.e., total score of manual dexterity (p < 0.001); total score of aiming and catching (p = 0.001); total score of balance (p < 0.001); total test score (p < 0.001)) and in the interaction between both factors (i.e., total score of manual dexterity (p = 0.005); total score of aiming and catching (p = 0.002); total score of balance (p < 0.001); total test score (p < 0.001)). Age and quarter of birth produce a RAE in 4 and 5-year-old preschool children’s motor competence.

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Relative age effect in physical attributes and motor fitness at different birth-month quartile

Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences ◽

10.4314/jfas.v9i2s.34 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (2S) ◽

pp. 521 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S.M. Mat-Rasid ◽

M.R. Abdullah ◽

H Juahir ◽

R.M. Musa ◽

A.B.H.M. Maliki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Age Effect ◽

Relative Age ◽

Relative Age Effect ◽

Motor Fitness ◽

Birth Month ◽

Physical Attributes

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The Influence of Relative Age Effects on the Cardiorespiratory Fitness Levels of Children Age 9 to 10 and 11 to 12 Years of Age

Pediatric Exercise Science ◽

10.1123/pes.24.1.72 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 72-83 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Simon J. Roberts ◽

Lynne M. Boddy ◽

Stuart J. Fairclough ◽

Gareth Stratton

Keyword(s):

Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽

Age Groups ◽

Age Effect ◽

Age Effects ◽

Fitness Testing ◽

Public Health Perspective ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Relative Age ◽

Relative Age Effect ◽

First Time

The aims of this study were firstly to examine whether there was an observed relative age effect in the cardiorespiratory fitness scores of 9-10 and 11-12 year old children, and secondly whether any observed effect was maintained after controlling for somatic maturity. Cardiorespiratory fitness data from 11,404 children aged 9-10 years and 3,911 children aged 11-12 years were obtained from a large cross-sectional field-based fitness testing program. A one-way ANOVA revealed a statistically significant relative age effect (p < .01) existed in the 20mSRT scores across all the age groups. Furthermore, ANCOVA analyses identified a statistically significant relative age effect was maintained after controlling for somatic maturation (p < .05). From a public health perspective these results confirm the existence of relative age effects for the first time and consequently may hold implications for relatively younger children in the accurate assessment of their cardiorespiratory fitness scores.

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