Factors Affecting Zoo Visitors’ Conservation Beliefs and Knowledge of Large Carnivores in 2009 and a Dozen Years Later

Teaching in a formal learning environment mainly focuses on gaining knowledge, and scarcely on the development of pro-environmental attitudes. Knowledge can also be gained in informal learning institutions, such as zoos, and their potential use in general public education should not be neglected. This paper explores factors influencing the conservation beliefs of zoo visitors about brown bears, grey wolves, and Eurasian lynx. The study undertaken in Zoo Ljubljana (Slovenia) consisted of surveys performed in 2009 (n = 613) and in 2021 (n = 257). The levels of knowledge and education influenced both supporting and opposing beliefs about the three large carnivore species. The gender factor was less uniform: both supporting and opposing beliefs about lynx were demonstrated, but only opposing beliefs about brown bear and wolf. The study indicates that knowledge has the most significant influence on conservation beliefs, thus highlighting the importance of educational and communication activities in management and conservation actions regarding large carnivore species. The varied gender influence suggests that species-specific educational activities should be encouraged.

The Impact of Income on the Division in Domestic Labor: The Case Study in Rural Vietnam

The imbalance in the distribution of responsibilities for unpaid work has profoundly affected women’s’ empowerment and full participation in economic and social activities. The study surveyed more than 150 households in one rural area in one Vietnamese province. This study's result in the central rural area did not improve Vietnamese domestic labor division compared to previous studies. The daily time taken up doing housework strongly correlates with gender, and the t-Test is statistically significant differences in the mean by gender. Wives earn additional money, and then spend less time on housework; nonetheless, the wife's minimum threshold for housework time is much higher than her husband's maximum threshold. Unlike the time devoted to housework, how much income contributes to the household does not affect childcare time. Except for the gender factor, the importance and extent of factors affecting housework and childcare differed markedly. Peculiarly, the unemployment of husbands is not a normal situation in Vietnamese families, so the assumption of exchange theory is not satisfied, though the wife is almost unable to negotiate with the unemployed husband.

Attitudes of Prospective French Teachers Towards School Experience and Teaching Practice Courses

Education is an important concept that prepares society for change and pushes development. The teacher, who is one of the basic elements of the education phenomenon, has important duties. Accordingly, the teacher has a very important place in the life of the students. The aim of this study is to determine the attitudes of the prospective French teachers towards School Experience and Teaching Practice courses and to reveal whether their attitudes differ according to the gender factor. The research has been conducted by means of a descriptive survey model and was carried out with the participation of 18 volunteer students (10 females, 8 males) studying at the department of French Language Teaching of the Faculty of Education at Anadolu University. The quantitative data of the study has been collected with a 5-point Likert-type scale consisting of 30 items. Moreover, in addition to the scale, the opinions of the students on the School experience and Teaching Practice courses have been collected by means of 5 open-ended questions drawn up by the researcher. The qualitative data acquired in this study has been reviewed through the document analysis method. According to the obtained data, it has been determined that the students had positive opinions about these courses. In addition, their attitudes towards ‘School Experience’ and ‘Teaching Practice’ courses have a very high average. This research shows that, these courses make significant contributions to the professional development of students. However, no significant difference was observed in terms of the gender factor based on the opinions of the participants with respect to the aforementioned courses.

Female everyday life in letters by a Karelian peasant woman of the early XX century

Introduction. The article reports the results of an analysis of the letters written by a peasant early in the XX century, found in the National Archives of Finland, which are a rare-type of historical source. Their author is a twenty-year-old peasant Anna Eremeeva-Räikha, who wrote them to her husband exiled to North Kazakhstan. The relevance of the study is defined by high interest to epistolary cultural heritage, where a special place is given to the letters of Russian’s different ethnic groups, and also by attention paid to the history of everyday life. Materials and Methods. The principal method was analysis of the structure of the letters, including identification of thematic block sequences and their subsequent clustering for the analysis of specific issues. Results and Discussion. The article explicates the substantive dimension of the letters, which reflects the sphere of interests of their author, and looks into the descriptions of women’s daily routines and the life of the Karelian family. It highlights the range of covered subjects and outlines the topics showing the routines and the behavioral practices of a peasant woman, her ways of adapting to the new circumstances after the husband’s arrest. The specific jobs and occupations are aligned with the farming calendar of northern Karelia. Features of the author’s self-presentation, ways of structuring and drawing up the texts are demonstrated. The study illustrates the range of topics and emotions rooted in the gender factor, and the diversity of their expression. Conclusion. The letters disclose the system of moral values of a Karelian woman, the Christian ideal of family relationships, special features of professional motivations. The “voice” of a Karelian peasant woman retained in these letters is a relevant source for studying the alteration of women’s everyday life early in the XX century and it allows talking about the maturing demand for emancipation in everyday life and gradual loosening of the traditional gender order in the Karelian village.

Long-term results of coronary artery bypass grafting in men and women: Impact of gender factor (Review)

The study of long-term results of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in patients with different sexes has been a relevant problem of cardiology and heart surgery over the past thirty years. Female sex is an independent risk factors for worse outcomes in the long-term follow-up period after CABG according to many studies. However, there are publications suggesting that the results in women are better than in men in the long-term period after CABG. This literature review is devoted to studies of long-term complications and survival in patients after CABG depending on their gender. The evidence for gender differences after CABG is currently based on male-dominated studies. Most authors show that women have a higher degree of comorbidity. Another risk factor is age. Women undergo surgery at an older age. Besides, long-term survival is affected by the completeness of revascularization and multiarterial bypass grafting. Current diagnostic and treatment algorithms shift towards the assessment of coronary artery disease in men, which potentially may result in incorrect diagnosis or interpretation of existing disease and incorrect choice of treatment tactics in female patients. Despite large pool of accumulated data, this question remains open and requires new trials and continuing studies focusing on the impact of gender factor on the long-term survival.

THE INFLUENCE OF THE GENDER FACTOR ON THE EDUCATIONAL STRATEGIES OF YOUTH (ON THE EXAMPLE OF RESEARCH OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN UFA)

The article examines the attitudes towards education and professional career development of young people through the prism of the gender factor. The relevance of the study is due to the ongoing transformation of the economic system, the unpleasant consequence of which is the discrepancy between supply and demand in the labor market and the resulting employment problems. Also, researchers are increasingly highlighting the problems of female employment associated with various socio-economic factors (lower wages, informal employment, inaccessibility of certain professions, difficulties in combining motherhood and employment, single-parent families, etc.), as a result of which women are more often included in the working group. poverty. Today, with all the changes taking place in social systems, one of the most significant social lifts is the institution of higher education. So, material wealth often depends on the education received and subsequent professional implementation. The research interest lies in the analysis of the attitudes of modern youth in relation to the institution of education and professional career as an opportunity to improve the quality of life. Do these attitudes differ among young girls and boys, how do they assess their capabilities? The data of a sociological study conducted by the author in 2020 on the topic of professional identity of university students in Ufa are presented. The results of which showed that modern young people are not inclined to link the level of education received and the amount of income. The concept of success in life is somewhat different for men and women, if, first of all, girls want to have a favorite job and family, then for men the desire to be free and independent turned out to be paramount. Also, male respondents more often count on career advancement and professional growth. The research data to some extent reflect the gender attitudes of the generation of parents among today's Russian youth. In order to overcome the manifestations of gender statistical discrimination in the labor sphere, increase the economic resilience of women and reduce the risk of falling into the poverty zone, it is necessary to develop and implement social programs oriented towards this.

REFLECTION OF TWO LAWS OF SPELLING IN THE SPEECH OF UKRAINIAN RESPONDENTS OF THE DIASPORA: NORMS AND DEVIATIONS

The article is devoted to the oral speech of Ukrainian diaspora’s youth (America, Canada, Italy, the Czech Republic, Poland, Germany, Moldova, the Transnistrian Moldavian Republic) at the synchronous level, in particular the pronunciation features of the Ukrainian language. Based on the poll the normativeness and historical organicity are proved. Also, pronunciation problems and orthoepic deviations are indicated; the percentage of mastery of orthoepy of sound combinations was determined, in particular, the pronunciation of hushing sounds before sibilants and vice versa in a wide local and social representation of foreign countries. Our research aims to try to determine the percentage of orthoepy, to identify, analyze and describe typical pronunciation mistakes, in particular the pronunciation of hushing sounds before sibilants and vice versa in a wide local and social representation abroad. Our task is to analyze the speech of Ukrainian respondents in the diaspora, to indicate the stability and instability of a particular norm; to trace the reflection of the pronunciation of these sound combinations in old written notes, and compare with the speech of Ukrainian respondents in Ukraine. The object of the research is Ukrainian speech of the diaspora of different spheres and age groups. The subject of the research is the mastery of orthoepic norms of the modern Ukrainian language, in particular the orthoepy of sound combinations (hushing sounds before sibilants; sibilants before hushing sounds). The results of a poll are the actual material of the study. It is 100 recordings lasting 300 minutes (5 hours). The poll was attended by 100 people of Ukrainian origin who lives abroad: 10 residents of the United States, 10 residents of Canada, 30 residents of Europe - Poland (2), Germany (3), Italy (5), the Czech Republic (10), Moldova (10) and 50 students of Taras Shevchenko University (Tiraspol, Transnistria). The informants live there for 10 years. They should read aloud and record the words for the analysis of the pronunciation of sibilants before hushing sounds (in the prefixes роз-, без-, з-; in the middle of the word). Thus, the fixation of hushing sounds instead of sibilants is a common phenomenon and can be traced in many monuments of different periods, but the real rate of pronunciation sibilants before hushing sounds by foreign respondents is 26%, by all informants (Ukrainian and foreign together) is 35 %; pronunciation of sibilants before hushing sounds residents of foreign origin of Ukrainian origin is 14% and by all informants in general also 14%. Undoubtedly, we consider these norms to be weak, and if we take into account the gender factor, they are mostly observed by women, both in Ukraine and abroad. In the speech of most men, we trace the pronunciation of the pronunciation [чц '] as [ц'], [шс '] as [с':]. We see the prospect of further research in the study of orthoepic speech deviations of modern youth of the Ukrainian diaspora, in particular in the pronunciation of other sound combinations.

Examination of Consumer Purchase Decisions via Neuromarketing Methods: A Social Psychology Approach

The aim of the study is to determine the size and strength of consumers' attitudes towards brands and to observe the effect of marketing efforts on attitudes with the support of biometric data. Through this main purpose 406 people participated in the study to create a brand set, and 60 people participated in the experiment phase. The shopping processes were monitored via eye tracker, and the patterns based on groups were obtained. It has been found out that sales promotion tools and social impact are the influential factors in the purchasing process, which is positioned as the main proposal of the study. According to the comparison made between parents and individuals not having any children, it has been discovered that the gender factor is not influential in the purchasing process while the brand related experience of parents is very effective in the process.

Comparing the Effect of Age, Gender, and Desired Speed on Car-Following Behavior by Using Driving Simulator

In this study, the effect of age, gender, and desired speed (DS) factors on General Motors car-following (CF) behavior was investigated. DS was defined as the speed selected by the driver in free driving situation. A low-level driving simulator was used to collect data. The CF model for each driver was calibrated by genetic algorithm. Gender and DS were effective in CF behavior, while the age factor was not. The drivers’ sensitivity to the variables of speed and distance in the CF model increased with increasing the DS. The gender factor affected only the magnitude of deceleration which was higher in women. For further investigation, the effect of the desired speed on the time headway in the steady-state CF was also examined. DS factor was effective in steady-state CF behavior. As the DS increased, the time headway decreased. Examining CF threshold demonstrated that women maintained larger distance than men. Finally, it can be said that DS and gender would be more important than age to be considered in CF models.