Higher Education in Flanders

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank van Splunder
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Language Policy ◽  
Public Debate ◽  
Medium Of Instruction ◽  
Official Language ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
French Speaking

English is f irmly rooted in Flemish academia, in spite of restrictions imposed by the Flemish government. The government’s language policy is informed by the view that Dutch (Flanders’ official language) should be promoted and that the use of languages other than Dutch should be managed carefully. Yet English has become the dominant ‘other’ language in Flemish higher education, including as an additional medium of instruction. Even though English is widely used, it is also a matter of public debate, touching on issues concerning identity, equality, and justice. In comparison with the Netherlands, the Englishization of higher education remains fairly limited, yet English is far more prominent in the north of Belgium (Dutch-speaking Flanders) than in the south (French-speaking Wallonia).

scholarly journals University language policy in Estonia and Catalonia. Is there a north-south divide in European higher education?

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-70
Author(s):  
Josep Soler
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Language Policy ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
Internationalisation Of Higher Education ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
European Higher Education ◽  
Empirical Material

AbstractWithin the context of the internationalisation of higher education, language matters have become increasingly prominent for universities across a wide variety of contexts. This has made the higher education domain an attractive site for applied linguists and sociolinguists to investigate in close detail. One relatively consolidated idea is that contexts in which English has made further incursions in universities are more internationalised than those settings where English has penetrated to a lesser extent. In line with that, a supposed north-south divide in European higher education has been conceived of, with universities in the north leading in terms of internationalisation efforts, while those in the south lag behind. In this article, I problematise this idea and suggest instead that a narrower and more focused contrastive analysis between language ecologies across different countries and contexts might be more useful. In doing that, we can thus avoid the dangers of binarism and lumping that can come associated to holding preconceived geographical borders. In particular, the comparative analysis proposed here allows us to highlight two key issues that seem to be highly pressing in present-day higher education domains: the language-ideological and the socio-economic. I build the argument in the paper by utilising empirical material from Estonia and Catalonia, two contexts that have been at the centre of my own work in recent years.

scholarly journals Palynological indications for Silurian – earliest Devonian age strata in the Netherlands

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander J.P. Houben ◽  
Geert-Jan Vis
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Core Material ◽  
Late Devonian ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
The South ◽  
Early Devonian ◽  
The North ◽  
Depositional Settings ◽  
Palynological Study ◽  
Devonian Age

Abstract Knowledge of the stratigraphic development of pre-Carboniferous strata in the subsurface of the Netherlands is very limited, leaving the lithostratigraphic nomenclature for this time interval informal. In two wells from the southwestern Netherlands, Silurian strata have repeatedly been reported, suggesting that these are the oldest ever recovered in the Netherlands. The hypothesised presence of Silurian-aged strata has not been tested by biostratigraphic analysis. A similar lack of biostratigraphic control applies to the overlying Devonian succession. We present the results of a palynological study of core material from wells KTG-01 and S05-01. Relatively low-diversity and poorly preserved miospore associations were recorded. These, nonetheless, provide new insights into the regional stratigraphic development of the pre-Carboniferous of the SW Netherlands. The lower two cores from well KTG-01 are of a late Silurian (Ludlow–Pridoli Epoch) to earliest Devonian (Lochkovian) age, confirming that these are the oldest sedimentary strata ever recovered in the Netherlands. The results from the upper cored section from the pre-Carboniferous succession in well KTG-01 and the cored sections from the pre-Carboniferous succession in well S05-01 are more ambiguous. This inferred Devonian succession is, in the current informal lithostratigraphy of the Netherlands, assigned to the Banjaard group and its subordinate Bollen Claystone formation, of presumed Frasnian (i.e. early Late Devonian) age. Age-indicative Middle to Late Devonian palynomorphs were, however, not recorded, and the overall character of the poorly preserved palynological associations in wells KTG-01 and S05-01 may also suggest an Early Devonian age. In terms of lithofacies, however, the cores in well S05-01 can be correlated to the upper Frasnian – lower Famennian Falisolle Formation in the Campine Basin in Belgium. Hence, it remains plausible that an unconformity separates Silurian to Lower Devonian strata from Upper Devonian (Frasnian–Famennian) strata in the SW Netherlands. In general, the abundance of miospore associations points to the presence of a vegetated hinterland and a relatively proximal yet relatively deep marine setting during late Silurian and Early Devonian times. This differs markedly from the open marine depositional settings reported from the Brabant Massif area to the south in present-day Belgium, suggesting a sediment source to the north. The episodic presence of reworked (marine) acritarchs of Ordovician age suggests the influx of sedimentary material from uplifted elements on the present-day Brabant Massif to the south, possibly in relation to the activation of a Brabant Arch system.

Guinea

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marius Schneider ◽  
Vanessa Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Ivory Coast ◽  
Official Language ◽  
The South ◽  
Guinea Bissau ◽  
The North

Guinea, also sometimes referred as Guinea-Conakry, is found in West Africa. It is bordered by Guinea-Bissau, Senegal, and Mali in the north and Sierra Leone, Liberia, and Ivory Coast in the south. In 2016, Guinea had a population of 12.6 million over a territory of 245 860 square kilometres (km). Its capital and largest city is Conakry. The official language of Guinea is French, and the currency used is the Guinean franc (GNF).

scholarly journals The stratigraphy of the Neogene-Quaternary succession in the southwest Netherlands from the Schelphoek borehole (42G4-11/42G0022) – a sequence-stratigraphic approach

2007 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 317-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.A. Slupik ◽  
F.P. Wesselingh ◽  
A.C. Janse ◽  
J.W.F. Reumer
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Coastal Area ◽  
Late Quaternary ◽  
Tidal Channel ◽  
The South ◽  
Glacial Cycles ◽  
Sequence Stratigraphic ◽  
The North ◽  
Mammal Fauna

AbstractWe investigate the stratigraphy of Neogene and Quaternary intervals of the Schelphoek borehole (Schouwen, Zeeland, the Netherlands). The Breda Formation (Miocene-Zanclean) contains three sequences separated by hiatuses. The Oosterhout Formation (Zanclean-Piacenzian) contains at least two sequences. This formation is overlain by seven sequences of the Gelasian Maassluis Formation that almost certainly represent glacial cycles. The three lowermost sequences are provisionally assigned to the Praetiglian (MIS 96, MIS 98 and MIS 100). A large hiatus exists between the top of the Maassluis Formation and the base of the late Middle to Late Quaternary succession. Due to extensivein situreworking of older strata (including fossils) at the base of several of the formations, their exact boundaries are difficult to establish. The Neogene succession in the Schelphoek borehole is compared to the stratigraphic successions in the Antwerp area to the south and the Dutch coastal area and continental platform to the north. Finally, the stratigraphic context of the Gelasian (‘Tiglian’) mammal fauna dredged from the bottom of a major tidal channel in the adjacent Oosterschelde is assessed by comparison with the Schelphoek borehole.

scholarly journals Moralizing Postcolonial Consumer Society: Fair Trade in the Netherlands, 1964–1997

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter van Dam
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Fair Trade ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Consumer Society ◽  
The South ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Consumer Activism ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S

AbstractDecolonization challenged people across the globe to define their place in a new postcolonial order. This challenge was felt in international political and economic affairs, but it also affected daily lives across the globe. The history of fair trade activism as seen from the Netherlands highlights how citizens in the North grappled to position themselves in a postcolonial consumer society. Interventions by fair trade activists connected debates about the morals of their society to the consequences of decolonization. They reacted to the imbalances of the global market in the wake of decolonization, joining critics from the South in demanding more equitable global relations. It was around this issue of “fair trade” that a transnational coalition of moderate and more radical activists emerged after the 1960s. This coalition held widely dissimilar views regarding the politics of the left and the use of consumer activism. The analysis of their interventions demonstrates that during the postwar era attempts at transforming the global market were inextricably interwoven with visions of a postcolonial order.

scholarly journals The Jurassic of the Netherlands

2003 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 217-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.F. Waldemar Herngreen ◽  
Wim F.P. Kouwe ◽  
Theo E. Wong
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Structural Complexity ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
The South ◽  
Lower Saxony ◽  
Central System ◽  
Sequence Stratigraphic ◽  
The North ◽  
Roer Valley Graben ◽  
Middle Callovian

A recent revision of the lithostratigraphy of the Netherlands has triggered an extensive re-evaluation of existing ideas on the Jurassic structural and depositional history. Significant advances can be attributed to the incorporation of sequence stratigraphic concepts. In the course of the Triassic and Jurassic, structural complexity increased progressively. The Jurassic sedimentary succession can be subdivided into three depositional megasequences. Megasequence I (Rhaetian– Aalenian) reflects the period between the so-called early and mid-Cimmerian tectonic phases. Megasequence II (Aalenian – Middle Callovian) covers the period of activity of the mid-Cimmerian phase. Megasequence III (Middle Callovian – Ryazanian) corresponds with the period between the mid-Cimmerian and late Cimmerian phases (particularly after pulse II). In this latter megasequence, six stages (IIIa–f) are recognised. Sediments deposited during the Rhaetian and Ryazanian bear a stronger affinity with the Jurassic succession than with Triassic and Cretaceous sediments respectively. These stages are thus treated here as an integral part of the Jurassic succession. During the Rhaetian–Bajocian the area subsided relatively uniformly. A sheet of predominantly fine-grained marine sediments of great lateral uniformity was deposited. During the Toarcian, in particular, basin circulation was largely restricted. The cooling that followed the thermal Central North Sea dome uplift triggered an important extensional phase during the Aalenian–Callovian. The rift phase resulted in the formation of several smaller basins, each with its own characteristic depositional succession. The basins fall into three structural provinces: the eastern province (Lower Saxony Basin, E–W-striking); the northern province (Central Graben, N–S-striking); and the southern–central system (Roer Valley Graben – Broad Fourteens, with a strong NW–SE strike). The mid-Cimmerian event started to affect the Dutch basins during the Bajocian. Sedimentation ceased in the Dutch Central Graben while it persisted in a predominantly coarse-grained, shallow marine facies in the southern basins (Roer Valley Graben, West Netherlands Basin). Extensional tectonics in the Central Graben were initiated during the Middle Callovian, with the deposition of continental sediments. During the Oxfordian–Kimmeridgian, marine incursions gradually became more frequent. Marine deposition in the other basins in the south persisted into the Oxfordian, at which time deposition became predominantly continental. Marine conditions gradually returned in the south during the Ryazanian–Barremian, with a series of advancing partial transgressions from the north. The present- day distribution of Jurassic strata in the Netherlands was determined largely by erosion associated with Late Cretaceous – Paleocene uplift.

scholarly journals University History in the Low Countries = Historia de la Universidad en los Países Bajos

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Willem Frijhoff
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Educación Superior ◽  
The South ◽  
Low Countries ◽  
Educacion Superior ◽  
The North ◽  
University History ◽  
History Of ◽  
The University

Abstract: The University history of the Low Countries is largely tributary of the different fate of the two halves of that region. In the South (present-day Belgium), in fact a unitary state from the 16th century onwards, the University of Louvain, initially founded for the whole Low Countries, was long the only institution of higher education. It was temporarily joined by that of Douai (later incorporated into France). In the North (the present-day Netherlands), universities and other institutions of higher education were only founded from the independence in the late 16th century onwards, but then in huge numbers, due to the confederal character of the Dutch Republic. In the revolutionary and Napoleonic era, the whole university landscape was thoroughly altered, and most of the institutions in the North suppressed. After 1815, new universities were founded on the same footing in both countries, then again temporarily united. Although the Netherlands and Belgium went their own way ever since their separation in 1830, both countries show a similar institutional evolution, in  spite of the linguistic problems in the South. This is reflected in the cooperation between scholars on university history of the whole Low Countries region. In this article, I first sketch briefly the political evolution of the Low Countries and that of the university landscape and its institutional provisions, compulsory for a good comprehension of the university historiography. After a survey of the process of institutionalisation of university history in the European context ever since the 1980s, the (bi-)national associations and the renewal of the focus on the social dimension of university history and the history of science are briefly discussed. Throughout the article, the most important studies and memorial volumes of the last decades are quoted.Resumen: La historia de la Universidad de los Países Bajos es en buena medida heredera del destino diverso de cada una de las dos mitades de la región. En el Sur (actualmente Bélgica), de hecho, un estado unitario desde el siglo XVI en adelante, la Universidad de Lovaina, fundada inicialmente para el conjunto de los Países Bajos, fue durante mucho tiempo la única institución de educación superior. Se unió temporalmente por ello a Douai (más tarde incorporado en Francia). En el Norte (Holanda hoy en día), universidades y otras instituciones de educación superior sólo se fundaron a partir de la independencia, a finales del siglo XVI en adelante, cuando crecerían exponencialmente, debido al carácter confederal de la República Holandesa. En la era revolucionaria y napoleónica, todo el panorama universitario quedó alterado y la mayoría de las instituciones del Norte  suprimidas. Después de 1815, se fundaron nuevas universidades en el mismo nivel en ambos países, que otra vez quedarían temporalmente unidos. Aunque los Países Bajos y Bélgica siguieron sus propios caminos desde su separación en 1830, ambos países muestran una evolución institucional similar, a pesar de los problemas lingüísticos en el Sur. Esto se refleja en la cooperación entre los estudiosos de la historia de la universidad de los Países Bajos en toda la región. En este artículo, primero presento un breve esquema de la evolución política de los Países Bajos y de la universidad y sus disposiciones institucionales, algo obligatorio para una buena comprensión de la historiografía universitaria. Después de un estudio del proceso de institucionalización de la historia universitaria en el contexto europeo desde la década de 1980, las asociaciones (bi)nacionales y la renovación de la atención a la dimensión social de la historia universitaria y la historia de la ciencia se discutirán brevemente. A lo largo del artículo, se darán cita también los estudios más importantes y volúmenes conmemorativos aparecidos en las últimas décadas.Keywords: historiography, Low Countries, universities, colleges, Latin schools.Palabras clave: historiografía, Países Bajos, universidades, colegios, escuelas latinas.

When the North is the South: Life in the Netherlands

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
Edward L. Ayers
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
The South ◽  
The North

An ambivalent picture

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Françoise Le Lièvre
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Cultural Diversity ◽  
Language Policy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Official Language ◽  
European Policy ◽  
Language Practice ◽  
The Law ◽  
The One

In France, English has a hegemonic position in many domains, including education, despite European policy promoting linguistic and cultural diversity to better integrate citizens in democratic processes. In 2013, the Fioraso law modified the Toubon law by allowing French universities to teach in a foreign language. Under the law, the choice of English at the expense of any other foreign language seems to have become practice. However, this practice clashes with long-standing criticism of Englishization in France. In this chapter an ambivalent picture of Englishization in French higher education arises, revealing tensions between criticism and official language policy on the one hand and language practice on the other. Translingual practices in France generate a different view of Englishization in higher education

A survey of English-medium instruction in Italian higher education

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanna Broggini ◽  
Francesca Costa
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Medium Of Instruction ◽  
Local Data ◽  
National Policies ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The North ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
English Medium Instruction ◽  
Widespread Phenomenon

English as a Medium of Instruction (EMI) has rapidly become a widespread phenomenon in Europe, especially in many Italian institutions. The growth of EMI is currently exponential as well as non-regimented; it is therefore very important to obtain updated, local data regarding this phenomenon, which could be of use in developing future national policies. This study describes the data gathered in a 2015 survey of English-Medium Instruction (EMI) which included all Italian universities. The survey concentrated on three areas, the lecturers and students involved and the overall organisation of the courses in both private and public institutions in the North, Centre and South of Italy. The paper updates information on the same topic gathered from a previous questionnaire (Costa & Coleman, 2012), reflecting on what has changed during the intervening three years.

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