Waarom er minder empirisch bewijs bestaat voor de contacttheorie dan velen beweren : Een kwantitatieve cultuursociologische kritiek1

Abstract The finding that ethnic prejudice is particularly weakly developed among those with interethnic friendships is often construed as confirming the so-called ‘contact theory’, which holds that interethnic contact reduces racial prejudice. This theory raises cultural-sociological suspicions, however, because of its tendency to reduce culture to an allegedly ‘more fundamental’ realm of social interaction. Analysing data from the first wave of the European Social Survey, we therefore test the theory alongside an alternative cultural-sociological theory about culturally driven processes of contact selection. We find that whereas interethnic friendships are indeed culturally driven, which confirms our cultural-sociological theory, contacts with neighbours and colleagues do indeed affect ethnic prejudice. They moreover do so in a manner that is more complex and culturally sensitive than contact theory suggests: while positive cultural stances vis-à-vis ethnic diversity lead interethnic contact to decrease ethnic prejudice, negative ones rather lead the former to increase the latter.

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Positional, mobility and reference effects: How does social class affect life satisfaction in Europe?

10.31235/osf.io/4adhe ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Caspar Kaiser ◽

Nhat An Trinh

Keyword(s):

Life Satisfaction ◽

Social Class ◽

European Social Survey ◽

Social Survey ◽

Class Mobility ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Class Origin ◽

The Impact ◽

Do So ◽

Diagonal Reference Models

In this study, we analyse the effects of social class on life satisfaction and develop a theoretical framework that shows how social class affects life satisfaction through five pathways. Informed by this framework, we estimate the direct effects of class destination and class origin, the effect of own intergenerational class mobility as well as the effects of others’ class position and mobility (so-called reference effects). To do so, we utilize European Social Survey (ESS) waves 1 to 5 (2002-2010). We obtain information on life satisfaction as well as destination and origin class for about 100,000 respondents in 32 European countries. Our mobility analyses are performed with diagonal reference models, which allow for the consistent estimation of mobility effects. We find: (1) Class destination consistently and strongly structures life satisfaction across Europe. (2) Own class mobility positively impacts life satisfaction, particularly in Eastern Europe. (3) Other’s class mobility has a strong negative effect on life satisfaction. Especially the latter finding points to the hitherto neglected importance of reference effects when considering the impact of social class onlife satisfaction.

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Excluding Europe’s Muslims: Symbolic Boundaries and Anti-immigrant Attitudes Along a Racial–Ethnic Hierarchy

Humanity & Society ◽

10.1177/0160597618814884 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 43 (4) ◽

pp. 375-402 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Aaron Ponce

Keyword(s):

Intergroup Contact ◽

European Social Survey ◽

Symbolic Boundaries ◽

Political Climate ◽

Social Survey ◽

Ethnic Boundary ◽

Muslim Immigrants ◽

Interethnic Contact ◽

Race Ethnicity ◽

Racial Ethnic

Research has shown that immigrants in Europe face exclusion in an increasingly hostile political climate. However, few studies comprehensively investigate whether exclusionism is patterned by a pervasive race–ethnicity hierarchy. This article bridges anti-immigrant attitudes research with the symbolic boundaries literature, which identifies Islam and Muslim “otherness” as a bright ethnic boundary. I use 2014 European Social Survey data to test whether immigrants of different racial–ethnic profiles are excluded along a preference hierarchy and whether this hierarchy structures intergroup contact, a well-known depressor of anti-immigrant sentiment. In all sample countries, I find that same race and Muslim immigrants are the most and least preferred immigrant groups, respectively. Further, while natives’ residential isolation is typically mediated by interethnic contact, both forces exert a dual influence on anti-Muslim exclusionism only. Results qualify the optimism of intergroup contact theories and indicate an extensive targeting of Muslims for exclusion beyond xenophobia or general racist sentiment.

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In Varietate Harmonia?: Intergroup Contact, Group Threat and Ethnic Tolerance in Scandinavian Regions

International Journal on Minority and Group Rights ◽

10.1163/15718115-02003001 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 349-369

Author(s):

Tor Georg Jakobsen ◽

Joachim Vogt Isaksen ◽

Gunn Kari Osestad Skavhaug ◽

Zan Strabac

Keyword(s):

Intergroup Contact ◽

High Standard ◽

Multilevel Modelling ◽

European Social Survey ◽

Contact Theory ◽

Social Survey ◽

Intergroup Contact Theory ◽

Group Threat ◽

Materialistic Values ◽

Attitudes Toward Immigration

The issue of immigration is becoming increasingly salient, and has emerged as a prominent political matter in the Scandinavian countries. Using multilevel modelling employing data from the statistical bureaus of Denmark, Norway and Sweden in combination with the latest round of the European Social Survey, the link between the percentage of immigrants in a region and individual’s level of ethnic tolerance is examined. Most previous comparative studies of attitudes toward immigration have used European countries as level-2 units. We apply a new approach, investigating immigration at the regional level in these three fairly similar societies. Our findings show that regional diversity is associated with higher tolerance which is in accordance with intergroup contact theory. The relatively small size of immigrant populations together with the presence of post-materialistic values due to a relatively high standard of living makes the Scandinavian countries less receptive to mechanisms associated with group threat theory.

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Political disaffection and disengagement in Serbia

Sociologija ◽

10.2298/soc2102355p ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 63 (2) ◽

pp. 355-380

Author(s):

Jelena Pesic ◽

Ana Biresev ◽

Tamara Petrovic-Trifunovic

Keyword(s):

Generational Differences ◽

Political Efficacy ◽

European Social Survey ◽

Political Awareness ◽

Social Survey ◽

Political Processes ◽

Political Disaffection ◽

Research Questions ◽

Shed Light ◽

Do So

The aim of this paper is to examine the extent of political disaffection and disengagement of Serbian citizens from a comparative European perspective, as well as to explore the relationships between two phenomena and determine the effects of several potential predictors (structural inequalities, gender, generational differences, urban environment, political awareness and competences, national and European identification, and political discontent) on different aspects of political disaffection and disengagement. In order to do so, we have used European Social Survey data (9th round, 2018), and singled out four different subdimensions of political disaffection and disengagement: assessment of responsiveness of the political system (external political efficacy), institutional trust, assessment of individual interest in politics and capabilities to engage in political processes (internal political efficacy), and the level of actual political engagement (political participation). The aim of the paper is to shed light on different systemic, structural and conjunctural factors that may contribute to shaping political attitudes and patterns of actions in contemporary Serbia and pose several theoretical and research questions that need further investigation.

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Recovery Self Assessment – Übersetzung und kulturelle Anpassung eines recovery-orientierten Einschätzungsinstrumentes

Pflege ◽

10.1024/1012-5302/a000436 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 28 (4) ◽

pp. 233-243 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Gianfranco Zuaboni ◽

Luciana Degano Kieser ◽

Bernd Kozel ◽

Katharina Glavanovits ◽

Jörg Utschakowski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

European Social Survey ◽

Assessment Scale ◽

Self Assessment ◽

Social Survey

Zusammenfassung. Hintergrund: Der Recovery-Ansatz gewinnt in der psychiatrischen Forschung und Praxis zunehmend an Bedeutung. Im englischen Sprachraum ist die praktische Etablierung und wissenschaftliche Auseinandersetzung fortgeschritten. Um die Implementierung des Ansatzes zu unterstützen, sind Einschätzungsinstrumente notwendig. Ein verbreitetes und anerkanntes Instrument ist die Recovery Self Assessment Scale (RSA). Diese besteht aus vier Versionen eines Fragebogens, welche die Perspektiven von Nutzenden, Fachpersonen, Angehörigen und dem Management erfassen. Ziel/Methode: In diesem Artikel werden die Entwicklung des Instrumentes und der Übersetzungsprozess dargestellt. Zwei voneinander unabhängige Arbeitsgruppen verwendeten unterschiedliche Übersetzungsverfahren: Die Arbeitsgruppe aus der Schweiz (AGS) orientierte sich an den ISOR-Prinzipien, die Arbeitsgruppe aus Norddeutschland (AGN) an den Richtlinien des European Social Survey Programme zur Übersetzung von Fragebögen – TRAPD. Die Methoden unterscheiden sich darin, dass die TRAPD Fokusgruppen vorsieht. Die Ergebnisse der Arbeitsgruppen wurden mittels eines Konsensusverfahrens zur RSA-D zusammengeführt. Ergebnisse: Bei der Übersetzung und kulturellen Anpassung der RSA-D wurde die Nähe zum theoretischen Bezugsrahmen der RSA gewahrt und die Übertragbarkeit in den deutschsprachigen Kontext berücksichtigt. Schlussfolgerung: Bevor die RSA-D in der Praxis und Forschung eingesetzt werden kann, sollte in weiterführenden Studien die psychometrische Testung erfolgen.

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Power Values and Power Distance Moderate the Relationship Between Workplace Supervisory Power and Job Satisfaction

Journal of Personnel Psychology ◽

10.1027/1866-5888/a000257 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 135-141

Author(s):

Kenneth D. Locke

Keyword(s):

Job Satisfaction ◽

Multilevel Modeling ◽

Power Distance ◽

European Social Survey ◽

Social Survey ◽

The Relationship ◽

Workplace Power ◽

Over Time

Abstract. Person–job (or needs–supplies) discrepancy/fit theories posit that job satisfaction depends on work supplying what employees want and thus expect associations between having supervisory power and job satisfaction to be more positive in individuals who value power and in societies that endorse power values and power distance (e.g., respecting/obeying superiors). Using multilevel modeling on 30,683 European Social Survey respondents from 31 countries revealed that overseeing supervisees was positively associated with job satisfaction, and as hypothesized, this association was stronger among individuals with stronger power values and in nations with greater levels of power values or power distance. The results suggest that workplace power can have a meaningful impact on job satisfaction, especially over time in individuals or societies that esteem power.

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Basic Human Values of Russians and Other Europeans (The Results of 2008 Surveys)

Voprosy Ekonomiki ◽

10.32609/0042-8736-2010-12-107-130 ◽

2010 ◽

pp. 107-130 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

V. Magun ◽

M. Rudnev

Keyword(s):

Cultural Policy ◽

European Social Survey ◽

The Other ◽

Human Values ◽

Social Survey ◽

Russian Economy ◽

Value Diversity ◽

Cross Country ◽

Value Changes ◽

Fourth Round

The authors rely mainly on the data from the fourth round of the European Social Survey held in 2008 in their comparison between the Russian basic values and the values of the 31 other European countries as measured by Schwartz Portrait Values Questionnaire. The authors start from comparing country averages. Then they compare Russia with the other countries taking into account internal country value diversity. And finally they refine cross-country value comparisons taking the advantage of the multiple regression analysis. As revealed from the study there are important value barriers to the Russian economy and society progress and well targeted cultural policy is needed to promote necessary value changes.

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Associations Between Higher-Order Values Vary with Age, Education, and Income

10.31234/osf.io/n3tak ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Maksim Rudnev

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Abilities ◽

Developed Countries ◽

European Social Survey ◽

Higher Order ◽

Group Differences ◽

Social Survey ◽

Value Structures ◽

Younger Age ◽

The Individual ◽

Representative Samples

A theory of basic human values relies on the similarity of value structures across countries. It has been well established that the quasi-circumplex value structure as a whole is indeed universal. However, less attention has been paid to the associations between specific values. This study investigated associations between four higher-order values across age, education, and income groups. We analyzed the data from national representative samples collected in 29 countries as part of the fourth round of the European Social Survey with a series of multilevel regressions. Younger age, higher levels of education and income coincided with higher independence of the four adjacent higher-order values, whereas among older, less educated, and less wealthy groups, values tended to merge into a single dimension of Social versus Person Focus. These differences were slightly weaker in more economically developed countries. The group differences in value associations may follow from corresponding differences in the degree of societal and individual empowerment, cognitive abilities, and socialization experiences. Accounting for the individual differences in relations between values may bring deeper understanding and higher predictive power to the studies of links between values and various behaviors or attitudes. , value structure, value interactions, European Social Survey

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