scholarly journals DESAFIOS AO USO SUSTENTÁVEL DA ARIE DA LAGOA DO PORTINHO, NO LITORAL DO PIAUÍ

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Braulio Fernandes de Carvalho ◽  
Gustavo Nogueira Barreto
Keyword(s):  
Google Earth ◽  
Anacardium Occidentale ◽  
Athene Cunicularia ◽  
Eugenia Dysenterica ◽  
Egretta Thula

Introdução: A Lagoa do Portinho é uma Área de Relevante Interesse Ecológico (ARIE) criada pelo decreto estadual 18346 (08/07/2019), no território de Parnaíba e Luís Correia, ambos no litoral piauiense. É uma Unidade de Conservação de uso sustentável, com a finalidade de conservar ecossistemas naturais de restinga, dunas e lagoas. O local contava com complexo de bares, em sua maioria soterrado pelas dunas, e a lagoa ficou seca por anos. Com o retorno das águas, retornaram os turistas e visitantes. Objetivos: Identificar impactos negativos atuais do uso da ARIE da Lagoa do Portinho sobre o ambiente e a flora e a fauna nativas. Material e Métodos: fizeram-se visitas de campo e análise de imagens de satélite (Google Earth Pro), de janeiro a agosto de 2021. Resultados: Observou-se o tráfego de veículos motorizados na área das dunas, bem como a presença de animais herbívoros exóticos, soltos ou sob pastoreio, que dificultam a fixação de vegetação nativa sobre as dunas, área naturalmente hostil a maioria dos vegetais. A fixação prejudicada das dunas favorece o avanço acelerado destas sobre a pista, a lagoa e a vegetação de capoeira, onde se observam exemplares de diversas espécies, tais como: Jatobá-do-cerrado (Hymenaea sp.), Juazeiro (Ziziphus joazeiro), Catingueira (Cenostigma pyramidale), Cajueiro (Anacardium occidentale), Cagaita (Eugenia dysenterica) e Copaíba (Copaifera martii). Ademais o tráfego de veículos motorizados pode oferecer risco aos ninhos de aves que nidificam no chão, como Corujas-buraqueiras (Athene cunicularia) e Quero-queros (Vanellus chilensis), bem como as que se alimentam na margem, a exemplo da Garça-branca-pequena (Egretta thula) prejudicando ainda a prática de observação ornitológica. Conclusão: Para que o uso da ARIE seja sustentável de fato, é necessário planejamento para evitar danos à vida silvestre e a paisagem. Dessa forma, recomenda-se a demarcação de rotas fixas para veículos, como o feito nas dunas de Caucaia-CE. Além disso, deve-se cercar as áreas críticas, para evitar a herbivoria pelo gado, e o favorecimento da sucessão ecológica, resultando na fixação das dunas. Fazem-se necessários planejamento, investimento e fiscalização para manter conservada a ARIE da Lagoa do Portinho e garantir o desenvolvimento turístico a longo prazo.

scholarly journals LEVANTAMENTO PRELIMINAR DE FLORA E FAUNA DA REGIÃO DO BAIXO RIO LONGÁ, PIAUÍ

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Braulio Fernandes de Carvalho ◽  
Gustavo Nogueira Barreto
Keyword(s):  
Calotropis Procera ◽  
Euterpe Oleracea ◽  
Athene Cunicularia ◽  
Mauritia Flexuosa ◽  
Egretta Thula ◽  
Curatella Americana

Introdução: A região do baixo Longá, no seu encontro com o baixo Parnaíba, localiza-se próximo a Unidades de Conservação e contém Áreas de Preservação Permanente que constituem um mosaico de fitofisionomias de Cerrado e Caatinga. Há uma variedade de paisagens que, por sua vez, se relaciona com uma ampla biodiversidade. Conhecer as espécies nativas da fauna e da flora é importante para planejamento urbano, econômico e socioambiental, principalmente em áreas com alto potencial para extrativismo sustentável e ecoturismo. Objetivo: realizar levantamentos iniciais da biodiversidade no baixo Rio Longá para produção de informação voltada ao planejamento de atividades econômicas sustentáveis e de educação e de recuperação ambiental. Materiais e métodos: identificou-se espécies nativas da fauna e flora no sul de Buriti dos Lopes e no norte de Caxingó e Murici dos Portelas, em propriedade rural privada e no entorno de vias públicas, por meio de 5 visitas de campo, entre junho e setembro de 2021. Resultados: a avifauna avistada foi Alma-de-gato (Piaya cayana), Anu-branco (Guira guira), Anu-preto (Crotophaga ani), Ariramba-de-cauda-ruiva (Galbula ruficauda), Beija-flor-vermelho (Chrysolampis mosquitus), Bem-te-vi (Pitangus sulphuratus), Coruja-buraqueira (Athene cunicularia), Garça-branca-pequena (Egretta thula), Gralha-do-campo (Cyanocorax cristatellus), Quero-quero (Vanellus chilensis), Recongo (Psarocolius decumanus), Rolinha-fogo-apagou (Columbina squammata), Tesourinha (Tyrannus savana), Urubu-da-cabeça-amarela (Cathartes burrovianus), Urubu-preto (Coragyps atratus). Abelhas identificadas: Arapuá (Trigona spinipes) e Mamangaba (Bombus sp.). Flora avistada: Açaizeiro (Euterpe oleracea), Angico-branco (Albizia niopoides), Angico-vermelho (Anadenanthera colubrina), Babaçu (Attalea sp.), Buritizeiro (Mauritia flexuosa), Carnaúba (Copernicia prunifera), Caroba (Jacaranda sp.), Catingueira (Cenostigma pyramidale), Chichá-do-cerrado (Sterculia striata), Copaíba (Copaifera sp.), Embaúba (Cecropia sp.), Espinheira (Fabaceae), Fava D’anta (Dimorphandra mollis), Faveira (Parkia platycephala), Ingazeiro (Inga sp.), Ipê-amarelo (Tabebuia sp.), Janaguba (Himatanthus drasticus) , Jatobá (Hymenaea sp.), Leiteira (Calotropis procera), Lixeira (Curatella americana), Mandacaru (Cereus jamacaru), Munguba (Pachira aquatica), Pata-de-bode (Fabaceae), Pata-de-vaca (Bauhinia sp.), Pau-marfim (Agonandra brasiliensis), Sucupira-preta (Bowdichia virgilioides), Tamboril (Enterolobium contortisiliquum), Tingui (Magonia pubescens), Umburana (Amburana cearenses) e outras 3 espécies de Fabaceae. A distribuição das espécies relacionou-se com as condições edáficas, de umidade e de estágio sucessional. Conclusões: a identificação de biodiversidade aqui apresentada fornece dados iniciais para guiar ações envolvendo o meio ambiente do baixo Longá, como pesquisa, extrativismo, planejamento urbano e ecoturismo.

Toxicological studies on the Eugenia dysenterica DC and Caryocar brasiliense Cambess leaves in rats

Planta Medica ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
F Elias ◽  
T Zils ◽  
FGL Aguiar ◽  
ELE Barros ◽  
ME Molica ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
Caryocar Brasiliense ◽  
Eugenia Dysenterica ◽  
Caryocar Brasiliense Cambess

Monitoreo de los efectos de los incendios forestales mediante el uso de sensores remotos en el Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Costa Rica

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio Vega-Araya
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Google Earth Engine

La Tierra y su biosfera están cambiando constantemente, por lo tanto, es fundamental detectar los cambios con el fin de entender su impacto en los ecosistemas terrestres. Los esquemas de monitoreo de ecosistemas han evolucionado rápidamente en las ultimas décadas. En el caso del monitoreo forestal, los métodos y herramientas que facilitan la utilización de imágenes satelitales permiten realizar este monitoreo con el cual se puede detectar donde y cuando un bosque es eliminado o afectado debido a un evento de deforestación o bien de fuego, lo anterior casi en tiempo real. Estas nuevas herramientas están disponibles para su implementación, sin embargo, ningún paı́s de la región centroamericana y el Caribe ha implementado un sistema como herramienta de decisión dentro de una estructura de gobierno central o federal debido a la ausencia de programas de transferencia de tecnologı́a o programas de capacitación de talento local. Los sensores remotos proporcionan mediciones consistentes y repetibles que permiten la captura de los efectos de muchos procesos que causan el cambio, incluyendo, por ejemplo, incendios, ataques de insectos, agentes de cambio naturales y antropogénicas como por ejemplo, la deforestación, la urbanización, la agricultura, etc. Las series temporales de imágenes de satélite proporcionan maneras para detectar y vigilar cambios en el tiempo y en el espacio, esto consistentemente durante los últimos 30 años a nivel mundial. Los incendios forestales afectan el proceso de sucesión del bosque, no obstante, es muy limitada la existencia de estudios locales que relacionen el efecto de los incendios forestales con las diferencias en la información espectral a partir de sensoramiento remoto. En el presente estudio se plantea y propone la utilización y aprovechamiento de lo que se ha denominado grandes datos, especialmente con el advenimiento muchas plataformas de sensores remotos como Landsat, MODIS y recientemente Sentinel, para identificar cuál es el efecto de los incendios forestales en la sucesión y sus elementos perturbadores, como por ejemplo, la presencia de lianas. Se procesaron las series temporales se usó la plataforma digital Google Earth Engine, que permitió la selección y reducción de la información espacial de los ı́ndices de vegetación en tendencia, estacionalidad y residuos. Se analizó la respuesta de estos ı́ndices en sitios con diferente afectación por incendios forestales. Con estos índices se pretende desarrollar modelos de clasificación de series espaciales de tiempo de los ı́ndices y poder ası́ comprender los cambios en el tiempo y el espacio de los ecosistemas afectados por incendios forestales. Preliminarmente, se encontró una relación entre la incidencia de los incendios forestales y el fenómeno del Niño-Oscilación del Sur para el índice de vegetación denominado índice de área foliar. Además, la evidencia indica que el índice normalizado de vegetación si presenta diferencias respecto a los sitios que tienen un historial de fuegos diferente. El establecer esta relación implica estudiar también los regı́menes de precipitación y temperatura. El descomponer las series de tiempo facilitó la correlación con otras series de tiempo, permitiendo establecer las bases de un monitoreo y a su vez, relacionar las índices de vegetación y su variación con otros elementos climáticos, como por ejemplo, el efecto ENOS.

The Map-Based Shortest Route Selection by Using Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Achmad Fanany Onnilita Gaffar ◽  
Agusma Wajiansyah ◽  
Supriadi Supriadi
Keyword(s):  
Ant Colony Optimization ◽  
Shortest Path ◽  
Optimization Algorithm ◽  
Optimization Problems ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Ant Colony ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Shortest Route ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Destination Point

The shortest path problem is one of the optimization problems where the optimization value is a distance. In general, solving the problem of the shortest route search can be done using two methods, namely conventional methods and heuristic methods. The Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) is the one of the optimization algorithm based on heuristic method. ACO is adopted from the behavior of ant colonies which naturally able to find the shortest route on the way from the nest to the food sources. In this study, ACO is used to determine the shortest route from Bumi Senyiur Hotel (origin point) to East Kalimantan Governor's Office (destination point). The selection of the origin and destination points is based on a large number of possible major roads connecting the two points. The data source used is the base map of Samarinda City which is cropped on certain coordinates by using Google Earth app which covers the origin and destination points selected. The data pre-processing is performed on the base map image of the acquisition results to obtain its numerical data. ACO is implemented on the data to obtain the shortest path from the origin and destination point that has been determined. From the study results obtained that the number of ants that have been used has an effect on the increase of possible solutions to optimal. The number of tours effect on the number of pheromones that are left on each edge passed ant. With the global pheromone update on each tour then there is a possibility that the path that has passed the ant will run out of pheromone at the end of the tour. This causes the possibility of inconsistent results when using the number of ants smaller than the number of tours.

Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides Species Complex: Pathogen Causing Anthracnose, Gummosis and Die-Back Diseases of Cashew (Anacardium Occidentale L.) In Ghana

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Muntala ◽  
P. M. Norshie ◽  
K. G. Santo ◽  
C. K. S. Saba
Keyword(s):  
Species Complex ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Anacardium Occidentale ◽  
Causative Organism ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Small Water ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides Species Complex

A survey was conducted in twenty-five cashew (Anacardium occidentale) orchards in five communities in the Dormaa-Central Municipality of Bono Region of Ghana to assess the incidence and severity of anthracnose, gummosis and die-back diseases on cashew. Cashew diseased samples of leaves, stem, inflorescences, twigs, flowers, nuts and apples showing symptoms (e. g. small, water-soaked, circular or irregular yellow, dark or brown spots or lesions on leaves, fruits and flowers, sunken surface, especially on the apples, blight, gum exudates) were collected for isolation of presumptive causative organism. The pathogen was isolated after disinfecting the excised diseased pieces in 70% ethanol, plated on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and incubated at 28 oC for 3 to 7 days. The identity of the putative pathogen was morphologically and culturally confirmed as belonging to Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complex using standard mycological identification protocols. The pathogen had varied conidia sizes of between 9-15 up to 20 μm in length and diameter of 3-6 μm. The conidia were straight and cylindrically shaped with rounded or obtuse ends. The septate mycelium was whitish-grey, velvety and cotton-like in appearance from the top. The results confirmed the presence of the pathogen in the orchards with incidence ranging from 6.9% and 14.0% for gummosis and averaged 22.9% for anthracnose infected orchards. The result of the pathogenicity test confirmed the isolates to be pathogenic on inoculated cashew seedlings and were consistently re-isolated, thereby establishing the pathogen as the true causal agent of the said diseases in cashew trees and thus completed the Koch’s postulate.

In Silico Molecular Docking and Molecular Dynamic Simulation of Potential Inhibitors of 3C-like Main Proteinase (3CLpro) from Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) Using Selected African Medicinal Plants

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahar Qazi ◽  
Mustafa Alhaji Isa ◽  
Adam Mustapha ◽  
Khalid Raza ◽  
Ibrahim Alkali Allamin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Docking ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Md Simulation ◽  
Binding Energies ◽  
Anacardium Occidentale ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Ligand Complex ◽  
In Silico Docking ◽  
Main Protease

<p>The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an infectious virus that causes mild to severe life-threatening upper respiratory tract infection. The virus emerged in Wuhan, China in 2019, and later spread across the globe. Its genome has been completely sequenced and based on the genomic information, the virus possessed 3C-Like Main Protease (3CLpro), an essential multifunctional enzyme that plays a vital role in the replication and transcription of the virus by cleaving polyprotein at eleven various sites to produce different non-structural proteins. This makes the protein an important target for drug design and discovery. Herein, we analyzed the interaction between the 3CLpro and potential inhibitory compounds identified from the extracts of <i>Zingiber offinale</i> and <i>Anacardium occidentale</i> using in silico docking and Molecular Dynamics (MD) Simulation. The crystal structure of SARS-CoV-2 main protease in complex with 02J (5-Methylisoxazole-3-carboxylic acid) and PEJ (composite ligand) (PDB Code: 6LU7,2.16Å) retrieved from Protein Data Bank (PDB) and subject to structure optimization and energy minimization. A total of twenty-nine compounds were obtained from the extracts of <i>Zingiber offinale </i>and the leaves of <i>Anacardium occidentale. </i>These compounds were screened for physicochemical (Lipinski rule of five, Veber rule, and Egan filter), <i>Pan</i>-Assay Interference Structure (PAINS), and pharmacokinetic properties to determine the Pharmaceutical Active Ingredients (PAIs). Of the 29 compounds, only nineteen (19) possessed drug-likeness properties with efficient oral bioavailability and less toxicity. These compounds subjected to molecular docking analysis to determine their binding energies with the 3CLpro. The result of the analysis indicated that the free binding energies of the compounds ranged between ˗5.08 and -10.24kcal/mol, better than the binding energies of 02j (-4.10kcal/mol) and PJE (-5.07kcal.mol). Six compounds (CID_99615 = -10.24kcal/mol, CID_3981360 = 9.75kcal/mol, CID_9910474 = -9.14kcal/mol, CID_11697907 = -9.10kcal/mol, CID_10503282 = -9.09kcal/mol and CID_620012 = -8.53kcal/mol) with good binding energies further selected and subjected to MD Simulation to determine the stability of the protein-ligand complex. The results of the analysis indicated that all the ligands form stable complexes with the protein, although, CID_9910474 and CID_10503282 had a better stability when compared to other selected phytochemicals (CID_99615, CID_3981360, CID_620012, and CID_11697907). </p>

In Silico Molecular Docking and Molecular Dynamic Simulation of Potential Inhibitors of 3C-like Main Proteinase (3CLpro) from Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) Using Selected African Medicinal Plants

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahar Qazi ◽  
Mustafa Alhaji Isa ◽  
Adam Mustapha ◽  
Khalid Raza ◽  
Ibrahim Alkali Allamin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Docking ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Md Simulation ◽  
Binding Energies ◽  
Anacardium Occidentale ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Ligand Complex ◽  
In Silico Docking ◽  
Main Protease

<p>The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an infectious virus that causes mild to severe life-threatening upper respiratory tract infection. The virus emerged in Wuhan, China in 2019, and later spread across the globe. Its genome has been completely sequenced and based on the genomic information, the virus possessed 3C-Like Main Protease (3CLpro), an essential multifunctional enzyme that plays a vital role in the replication and transcription of the virus by cleaving polyprotein at eleven various sites to produce different non-structural proteins. This makes the protein an important target for drug design and discovery. Herein, we analyzed the interaction between the 3CLpro and potential inhibitory compounds identified from the extracts of <i>Zingiber offinale</i> and <i>Anacardium occidentale</i> using in silico docking and Molecular Dynamics (MD) Simulation. The crystal structure of SARS-CoV-2 main protease in complex with 02J (5-Methylisoxazole-3-carboxylic acid) and PEJ (composite ligand) (PDB Code: 6LU7,2.16Å) retrieved from Protein Data Bank (PDB) and subject to structure optimization and energy minimization. A total of twenty-nine compounds were obtained from the extracts of <i>Zingiber offinale </i>and the leaves of <i>Anacardium occidentale. </i>These compounds were screened for physicochemical (Lipinski rule of five, Veber rule, and Egan filter), <i>Pan</i>-Assay Interference Structure (PAINS), and pharmacokinetic properties to determine the Pharmaceutical Active Ingredients (PAIs). Of the 29 compounds, only nineteen (19) possessed drug-likeness properties with efficient oral bioavailability and less toxicity. These compounds subjected to molecular docking analysis to determine their binding energies with the 3CLpro. The result of the analysis indicated that the free binding energies of the compounds ranged between ˗5.08 and -10.24kcal/mol, better than the binding energies of 02j (-4.10kcal/mol) and PJE (-5.07kcal.mol). Six compounds (CID_99615 = -10.24kcal/mol, CID_3981360 = 9.75kcal/mol, CID_9910474 = -9.14kcal/mol, CID_11697907 = -9.10kcal/mol, CID_10503282 = -9.09kcal/mol and CID_620012 = -8.53kcal/mol) with good binding energies further selected and subjected to MD Simulation to determine the stability of the protein-ligand complex. The results of the analysis indicated that all the ligands form stable complexes with the protein, although, CID_9910474 and CID_10503282 had a better stability when compared to other selected phytochemicals (CID_99615, CID_3981360, CID_620012, and CID_11697907). </p>

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